The Bingyin day in the calendar is actually a hexadecimal count of the ten days and twelve earthly branches. Every day that passes, the count of the heavenly stem and the count of the earthly branch are increased by one at the same time, and when the least common multiple is 60, it returns to the Jiazi, and then starts again.

Therefore, the stem branch day is a continuous, independent count that is not disturbed by the years and months. Now since both versions of the calendar are Bingyin days, it means that Sun Yi has neither one day less for no reason, nor one day more than others, and the days are still normal.

In both calendars, tomorrow is Ding Mao Day, the first day of the sixth month, and the sixth day of June.

In other words, tomorrow the two calendars will begin to unify.

Anyway, tomorrow will be the same, and Sun Yi will have the heart to give up the entanglement of whether today is May Day or May 29. For Sun programmers, these are just different numbering codes.

But as soon as Sun Yi's proposal was spoken, it was immediately strongly opposed by everyone.

Geng Xiucai said solemnly: "Living the wrong day is the crime of deceiving the sky!" ”

Sun Yi said helplessly: "But it's already the wrong day, so what should I do?" ”

Geng Xiucai firmly announced: "Please Lidel Ye sue the heavens and ask for the guilt!" ”

Sun Yi was speechless.

"No, no!"

Jia Daoshi took out a book from his sleeve and said, "It is the emperor of the Ming Dynasty who should sue the heavens, not Lord Lidel!" ”

Sun Yi looked at the book in the hand of Daoist Jia, the title of the book is also "The Five-Year Calendar of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty", it turns out that Daoist Jia's imperial calendar has not been lost at all.

Jia Daoshi turned to a page in mid-May, but saw that the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month of May and the summer solstice were the same day!

Sun Yi clearly remembered that the Dragon Boat Festival he actually spent in Changsheng Township was the second day of the summer solstice!

The day on the imperial calendar was drawn a circle with a brush, and there was a small word mark by Jia Daoshi next to it: "The time difference is eight minutes".

Jia Daoshi said: "At the time of the summer solstice this year, I personally measured it eight quarters of an hour earlier than in the almanac! ”

Jia Daoist turned Huang Li to the day of the spring equinox, that day was also drawn with a brush, Jia Daoist said: "On the day of the spring equinox, I personally measured that the day and night are not equal in length!" ”

Sun Dingliao was dumbfounded, "Military Division, are you saying that the Ming Dynasty has lost its days?" ”

Geng Xiucai was incredulous: "Could it be that today's son is deceiving the sky?" ”

Yang Ritian exclaimed: "This is a great sin! ”

Jia Daoshi closed the emperor and said sharply: "The calendar of the Ming Dynasty has long been lost!" ”

Jia Daoshi explained to you that the "Great Unification Calendar" used by the Ming Dynasty was actually the "Time Calendar" of the Yuan Dynasty.

The "Calendar of Time" was compiled by Guo Shoujing and others in the Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang fixed the capital of Nanjing, and ordered the military advisor Liu Bowen to slightly change the "Time Calendar", changing the value of the day and night time of the Yuan capital Beijing used in the "Time Calendar" to the corresponding time of the Beijing division of Nanjing, and renamed it the "Great Unification Calendar".

After that, Zhu Yuanzhang strictly ordered the people not to learn the calendar, so that no one in the Ming generation was proficient in astronomical calendars, and the officials of the Qin Tianjian would only apply the husband's formula in the "Time Calendar".

After Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Chengzu, "burned" Emperor Jianwen of Jia Daoshi, he took Beijing as the political center, and the political center of several Ming Dynasty emperors was repeated several times, but nominally Nanjing was the capital.

In the sixth year of orthodoxy (1441), Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty announced that the capital would be Beijing, ending Nanjing's status as the nominal capital.

After the winter solstice of the twelfth year of orthodoxy (1447), Peng Deqing, the supervisor of Qintian, reported to Yingzong:

"Qinmeng made a bronze casting instrument, and the commissioning of Xia Guanzheng Liu Xin was tested, and the degree of Beijing's North Pole and the time of the sun were different from Nanjing. Nanjing's North Pole is 36 degrees, and Beijing's is 40 degrees. The sunrise of the winter solstice in Nanjing is engraved at the beginning of the day, the fourth quarter of the Shen is entered, and the night is engraved at fifty-nine; The summer solstice sunrise is four quarters, the first quarter of the beginning of the beginning of the year, and the day is fifty-nine. The first moment of sunrise on the winter solstice in Beijing, the second quarter of the Shen Zheng, and the sixty-second quarter of the night; The summer solstice sunrise is two quarters, the beginning of the day is one moment, and the day is sixty-two, each with a difference in length. ”

Therefore, Peng Deqing believes that "the palace ban and the official leakage arrow are both old Nanjing style and cannot be used".

Ming Yingzong gladly accepted his suggestion and ordered the internal officials and supervisors to reform the omission system according to the measured time of day and night in Beijing, and ordered Peng Deqing to change the time of day and night in Nanjing used in the "Great Unification Calendar" to the corresponding time in Beijing.

Therefore, the calendar of the 14th year of orthodoxy (1449) compiled by Qin Tianjian in the thirteenth year of orthodoxy (1448) is estimated from the latest measured results in Beijing.

This is the only time that the Ming Dynasty has changed its calendar during its 300 years, and it is only a small part of the extraneous bones.

However, as soon as the calendar of the fourteenth year of orthodoxy came out, the Ming Dynasty was in an uproar.

The calendar was an indispensable reference for the ancients. People act according to the auspicious and bad luck of the imperial calendar, and the government arranges the missing moment to change the arrow according to the day and night time of the different solar terms in the imperial calendar, that is, the bell and drum time.

The people of the Ming Dynasty found that the day and night times in the 14 years of orthodoxy were different from the past, "those who saw it were shocked, thinking that it was something that had never been done in ancient times." ”

In this regard, Jia Daoshi commented angrily: "This must be the moment when the gang of people in Beijing Qintianjian can't understand the days and mess together randomly." ”

All the people of the Ming Dynasty believe that this change of calendar in the 14th year of Ming Yingzong's orthodoxy directly led to the defeat of the Ming army on the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15 of the 14th year of orthodoxy, and Ming Yingzong was captured.

Jia Daoshi said hatefully: "Deceive the heavens, and the heavens will abandon them!" ”

According to the standards of right and wrong of the Ming Dynasty, the culprit of this historical tragedy is, of course, Peng Deqing, the supervisor of Qintian. Peng Deqing escaped from the conquest of Tumubao and died in prison in October. In order to "appease the anger of the people", Emperor Mingjing, who ascended the throne, resolutely ordered to "still behead him", and the whole family was sent to Liaodong to fill the army.

On the second day of December in the 14th year of orthodoxy (1449), Emperor Jing issued an edict to officially change the day and night time of the "Great Unification Calendar" back to the old system of Nanjing.

Later, Ming Yingzong returned to China for restoration, but he never dared to change the "Great Unification Calendar" until the Chongzhen Dynasty.

Daoist Jia began to grit his teeth and resentment again, and said:

"Since ancient times, the sea has been vicissitudes, and heaven and earth have their own variables! The Great Unification Calendar has been used since the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Xin Dynasty, and it has been 350 years since then, and it has never been revised to correspond to the number of days. The people of Qin Tianjian only know how to use the data of the previous dynasty, how do they know that the longer the attack is used, the greater the difference! ”

During the Wanli period, the emperor was lazy and did not go to court for a long time, the prohibitions of the early Ming Dynasty began to loosen, and some people began to secretly learn the calendar. These people were surprised to find that the Lunar calendar did not match the actual celestial phenomena.

So some people risked their lives to write a letter suggesting a change in the calendar, which was a big rebellion, and the attitude of the imperial court was to do it one by one.

Until the uncle of the Wanli Emperor, Zhu Zaiyu, the son of King Zheng who was highly respected in the imperial family, pointed out the error of the Great Unification Calendar in the 23rd year of Wanli.

Shu Zhong said: "Compared with the two calendars, archaeology has a difference of three days, and the time difference is nine quarters today."

"In archaeology, the difference in air is three days, and the difference in time is nine quarters today", that is, the difference in the ancient solar terms is three days according to the "Great Unification Calendar", and the difference is nine minutes in today's time.

In the Ming Dynasty, one hundred quarters a day, nine quarters is 2.16 hours, which is more than one hour. Regardless of Zhu Zaiyu's algorithm, this gap is already very large.

Because the person who was sparse was the uncle of Emperor Wanli, the ministers were at a loss.

In the end, the "Lazy Emperor" Wanli issued a decree to "praise", which can be regarded as a conclusion.

Zhu Zaiyu, the son of King Zheng, retreated, and the official Xing Yunlu went up again in the twenty-fourth year of Wanli, and the clouds:

"Datong pushes this year's winter solstice at the second moment of Shenzheng, and the minister's test is at the second moment. The great unification is more than nine minutes the day after tomorrow".

"This year, there is an eclipse of the sun on the first day of the eighth month of the leap month. The unification pushes the initial loss of three moments, and the food is a few times. And the ministers waited for the first moment of loss, and the food stopped for more than seven minutes. The day after tomorrow is a few or two minutes. ”

In this regard, Emperor Wanli issued a holy decree: "The Ministry of Rites has seen it."

Since then, there has been a great debate in the imperial court, and gradually the faction that advocates the revision of the calendar has gained the upper hand, but the Manchu Ming Dynasty has no talents who are proficient in the calendar!

So the imperial court decided to take its time, recruit people from all over the world who are proficient in the astronomical calendar, work together, and work together to deduce. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has lifted the ban on folk study of the calendar.

Daoist Jia suddenly burst into tears, choked up and said:

"This matter was learned by a red-haired monk named Matteo Ricci who came to China to teach the cult, and Matteo Ricci wrote a letter to the Western sect leader, saying that the Chinese calendar has lost its nature, but no one in China can revise it, and asked the sect leader to send a monk to carry Western almanac instruments and clocks, called to help China repair the calendar, which is actually a secret mission, and skillfully seize the number of days in China!"

"It's a pity that I'm from China, and I'm a scholar in the sky. Three years ago, the Chongzhen Dynasty Qin Tianjian fought with the Western monk Tang Ruowang and the believer Xu Guangqi to calculate the solar eclipse. As a result, both the Great Unified Calendar and the Hijri Calendar lost to the Western calendar. Emperor Chongzhen ordered Xu Guangqi to set up a bureau, and Xu Guangqi recruited red-haired monks from all walks of life to enter the bureau. ”

Daoist Jia concluded:

"Emperor Chongzhen knew that he had lost the sky, so he should change the calendar, but the Ming Dynasty would not change it."

"The Western calendar of the calendar is about to be completed, but the Ming Dynasty does not dare to use it."

"If China adopts the Western calendar, it will be subject to the Western master, and the big one will be tampered with by the red hair, repeating the mistakes of the civil fort!"

Jia Daoshi's words were earnest:

"Lord Lidel, if there is a calendar in today's book, then the book of heaven shall prevail!"

When Geng Xiucai heard this, he immediately followed the petition:

"Please Lidel Ye set up his heart for heaven and earth, and set up his life for the people!"

Sun Dingliao resolutely declared: "Since the Ming Dynasty has lost heaven, Chongzhen's child is a pseudo-emperor, and we must no longer use Chongzhen's "Great Unification Calendar". ”

Yang Ritian immediately echoed: "The chief of staff is right! This is a big deal, and there is no room for ambiguity. ”

Dahai didn't know when he was being supported and standing at the door, and then he couldn't help but ask: "Your Majesty, I have been in the world of China for 5,000 years, and I must not be calculated by Western red hair." If Your Majesty has a calendar written by heaven, I implore Your Majesty to promulgate the world to correspond to the number of days and save China. ”

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Resources

Ming Dynasty calendar

The Chinese calendar went through the Han, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, and reached its peak in the Yuan Dynasty's "Calendar of Hours".

Since the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese calendar has begun to stagnate and fall behind. It can be said that in terms of the science of heavenly calculations, the Ming Dynasty was an extremely conservative, extremely conservative and backward era.

In the early and middle Ming Dynasty, it was strictly forbidden to privately teach and receive calendar knowledge and compile the calendar privately.

A few years after Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, he issued an edict strictly prohibiting folk calendars; It is strictly forbidden for the descendants of the Qintian eunuchs to follow other professions without learning the calendar. The former is guilty of imprisonment or even death, and the latter is guilty of being sent to the army.

Shen Defu wrote in his book "Wanli Ye Won the Chronicles: Almanac": "At the beginning of the country, astronomy was strictly forbidden, those who studied the calendar were sent to war, and those who made the calendar were killed"

In the early and middle Ming Dynasty, there were few people in the court who knew the ephemeris. In such a sad situation, Zhu Zaiyu, the son of King Zheng, secretly "self-taught" the calendar.

Zhu Zaiyu said: "In the prime of life, I reviewed the so-called more than 50 calendars in the historical records of the past dynasties, examined their similarities and differences, distinguished their sparseness, and enjoyed what they liked, and they were happy and forgetful."

Due to the imperial court's secrecy of the calendar, Zhu Zaiyu, as a prince, has never seen the "Imperial Unification Calendar" book.

Gu Zhu Zaiyu said that one day, "Reading Qiu Saijiu's "University Yanyi Supplement", which contains the four quasi-minutes and seconds of the Datong calendar, leap, transfer, and handover, and he whispered with joy: The full text of the Datong has not been seen, and its rough outline has been obtained. ”

Support! Talented!

At the same time, I seriously despise Zhu Yuanzhang!

With Zhu Zaiyu's special identity, he was able to open the ban on the folk learning calendar in the Ming Dynasty.

The Italian missionary Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) was in Nanchang and Nanjing. Between March and October 1597, Matteo Ricci wrote two letters on the subject:

“Percio Cemsceze， nel presentare nell’ottobre del 1595，il calendario dell’anno sequente al Ministero dei Riti，aveva fatto osservare“Si e detto recentemente che il calendario va errato e che Bisognacorreggerlo.”

This passage in Italian Chinese is to the effect of: "In October 1595, when Zheng Shizi submitted the almanac to the Ministry of Ceremonies, he made the following observation: 'The calendar has been incorrected and needs to be revised.'" ”

Another wrote:

“Guandeoil calendario， al tempo dei Min，andava errato ci furono delldiscussioni tra Cemsceze，Zaeiu，e Scimiunlii，ma Nessuno di essi ebbe la scienzasufficiente per correggerlo.”

The text reads: "Actually, Zheng Shizi Zaiyu and Xing Yunlu had already discussed the errors in the Ming calendar, but neither of them had enough scientific knowledge to revise it." ”

Later, the Spanish Jesuit Didacus de Pontoja (1571-1618) and the Italian Jesuit Sabbathinus de Ursis (1575-1620) brought Western almanacs and instruments to China.

It can be said that it was Zhu Zaiyu who opened the door for Sino-Western cooperation in the study of the science of heavenly calculation.

He not only awakened the sleepy eyes of the Ming court, but also provided the pretext for Matteo Ricci to carry out the Tiansuan mission in China.

On April 16, 1618, the Holy Roman Empire Catholic Jesuit monk John Tong and 22 missionaries, including Johann Schreck and Giacomo Rho, set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, to China.

Shortly after arriving in Beijing, John Tong succeeded in predicting a lunar eclipse on October 8, 1623, and later in September of the following year (1624).

In 1630 (the third year of Chongzhen), Tang Ruowang succeeded the deceased Deng Yuhan in Beijing to work in the Qintianjian Calendar Bureau, and "assisted" Xu Guangqi in editing the "Chongzhen Almanac".

In 1631 (the third year of Chongzhen), Xu Guangqi and his subordinates watched the solar eclipse with a telescope for the first time. After the observation, Xu Guangqi was amazed.

In 1634 (the seventh year of Chongzhen), under the auspices of Xu Guangqi and Tang Ruowang, Qin Tianjian completed the "Chongzhen Almanac", a total of 46 kinds and 137 volumes.

From 1634 until the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was in dispute over the Chinese and Western calendars, and the Chongzhen Almanac was never issued.

In 1644, when the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Tang Ruowang, who remained in Beijing, deleted and revised the "Chongzhen Almanac" to 103 volumes, and the Shunzhi Emperor renamed it "Western New Law Almanac". It was promulgated in the second year of the Shunzhi reign (1645 AD) and was called the "Shixian Calendar". Nanming insisted on using the "Great Unification Calendar" to fight.

The Shixian Calendar and the Great Unified Calendar use different calculation methods, and there will be differences in the arrangement of solar terms and leap months.