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Beginning in 1909, the German and British shipbuilding race was in full swing. Shortly after the Nassau-class battleships began construction, learning that the British Navy was building dreadnoughts with 13.5-inch (343 mm) guns, the German Navy began to feel that their 280 mm guns were not powerful enough and decided to install 305 mm (12 in) guns on the four new battleships. In order to drive the enlarged warships, three chimneys were installed on this class of battleships, which was the only dreadnought in the German Navy with three chimneys in the first class (except for the old battleships). The class of ships was named after the four regions of the German Empire. Among them, Helgoland Island was recently exchanged by Germany with Britain on the African island of Zanzibar, and later became an important German military base in the North Sea.

Four battleships of this class took part in several battles in World War I. In the Battle of Jutland, they fought on the front line and were wounded in battle (one each in Helgoland and Oldenburg, and one in Osterfrisland).

After the end of the war, all four battleships were handed over to the allies. Helgoland was handed over to the British; Ostfrisland was handed over to the United States; Thuringia was handed over to France; Oldenburg was handed over to Japan. Due to the generally poor condition of the German battleships, the victorious powers did not use them for their own naval use, but sold them for scrap soon after.

Like the Nassau-class battleships, the Helgoland-class battleships used reciprocating steam engines. However, since 1904, when the German Navy experimented with steam turbine technology on the light cruiser Lübeck, it has continued to improve it on a large scale. As the technology matured, the next class of German battleships, the King-class, began to use steam turbines as their main source of power.

data

Ship Name: Helgoland (built under the code Ersatz Siegfried) | Ostfrisland (built under the code name Ersatz Oldenburg) | Thuringia (built under the Ersatz Beowulf) | Oldenburg (built under the name Ersatz Frithiof)

Shipyard: Hovald Shipyard / Kiel | Royal Dockyards/Wilhelmshaven | Wiesel Shipyard/Bremen | Shuoxiao Shipyard / Danzig

Commencement Date: 11/11/1908 | 10/19/1908 | 11/2/1908 | 3/1/1909

Date of launch: 9/25/1909 | 9/30/1909 | 11/11/1909 | 6/30/ 1910

Date of service: 8/23/1911 | 8/1/1911 | 9/10/1911 | 3/1/1912

Sunk: The USS Ostfrisland was sunk on July 21, 1921, as a target ship off Cape Henry, Virginia, by U.S. Navy pilot Mitchell

Dissolution: HMS Helgoland dissolved in the UK in 1921; The Thuringia was dissolved in 1923 in Lorient, France; The Oldenburg was dissolved in 1921 in Dordrecht, the Netherlands

Displacement: 22,808 tons (design) / 24,700 tons (maximum)

Size (m): 167.20 (full length) x 28.50 x 8.94

Power: 15 Sulzer-Sannikroft boilers (coal-fired), three four-cylinder reciprocating steam engines, 28,000 hp

3-axis, 2-rudder parallel configuration

The maximum speed is 21 knots, and the cruising range is 5500 nautical miles / 10 knots; 2700 nautical miles / 20 knots

Main guns: 12 x 305mm/50x guns, 6 twin turrets

Secondary guns: 14 x 150mm/45x guns, single mounted on the broadside

Anti-torpedo boats/anti-aircraft guns: 14 single-mounted 88mm/45x guns

Torpedoes: 6 500mm torpedo tubes (underwater mounted, one front and rear, one on each side of A and D turrets)

Crew: 1,069 (42 officers)