"So, what did the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia do with air raid operations?

Air defense warfare refers to the operation of fighting against enemy aircraft from the air or outer space. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

In modern air defense warfare, the main target of strikes is the take-off and launch bases of the enemy's aircraft, cruise missiles, missiles, and space weapons.

The purpose is to defend the security of the country's airspace in peacetime, cover the transition of the country to a wartime system in wartime, defend important national objectives, ensure the freedom of movement of the army, and protect the safety of the people.

Its main tasks are to conduct anti-enemy aerospace reconnaissance, organize aerial reconnaissance and anti-air reconnaissance, grasp in a timely manner the actual forces and weapons of possible enemy air raids, the main main attack directions and main targets, organize and carry out air combat and counterattack operations, closely organize protection, eliminate the consequences of air raids in a timely manner, and minimize the losses caused by air raids.

Air defense warfare was born with the advent of air raid warfare and developed with the development of air raid warfare. Since the end of the 19th century, aviation aircraft have appeared and been used in the military field, and the air defense activities that oppose them have also stepped onto the big stage of military struggle

Although air defense warfare has the nature of both offense and defense, on the whole, it is an operation of a defensive nature, and the combat posture is relatively passive, and its main operational characteristics are:

First, the first to appear in combat operations. For the defending side, the first threat is from the air, so the air defense war takes precedence, thus opening the prelude to various combat operations on the ground and at sea.

Therefore, the armies of all countries have placed great emphasis on offensive, which is actually defensive operations; once they discover the momentum of the enemy's offensive, in order to take the initiative to reduce losses, they should preemptively organize air assault forces and first attack the enemy's air forces, long-range attack weapons, and ground assault groups that may threaten their own security.

Second, preparations for war were hasty. The biggest characteristic of air raid warfare is its suddenness, the use of shape and high-power engines, modern strategic bombers, fighter-bombers, speed of more than 2.5 times the speed of sound, supersonic penetration technology, can carry out long-distance raids. Advanced technology and navigation technology make the aircraft immune to weather and weather conditions. Terrain-matched autopilot technology allows the aircraft to carry out at ultra-low altitudes. Long-range missile technology allows aircraft to launch air-to-surface missiles beyond visual range outside the defense zone.

This makes it difficult for the defenders to detect the exact time of the enemy's air raid syndrome analysis, especially for small and medium-sized air raids, which do not require long-term preparation, have a small scope of knowledge, and have a high degree of secrecy, coupled with political and diplomatic deception, it is difficult to detect signs of air raids in advance.

Third, the scope of the combat space is wide. The attacking side will choose a favorable time to organize and carry out air raid warfare, and through preemptive action, a variety of air superiority, for the defending side, not only in its own combat area, to resist the enemy's air attack force, but also. In addition, it will carry out a surprise attack on the take-off and launch base of the enemy's air attack weapons over the enemy's battlefield.

So, how exactly is an air raid?

Resisting, counterattacking, and protecting are the three important links and actions of modern air defense warfare, and the combination of the three into an organic whole is integrated into application, and is the guiding ideology of air defense warfare.

Resistance is the basic way to destroy the enemy's air attack weapons and air attacks, and only by actively destroying the enemy's air attack forces and weapons in large quantities can we effectively preserve our own vital forces, defend the safety of the targets, and give full play to our overall might, and we must not be intimidated by the fierce momentum of the enemy's air attack; we must fight resolutely in air defense warfare; we must start from a long distance as much as possible; for targets that have penetrated into the airspace above the defense targets, we should concentrate relatively dense firepower in a certain space, resist at all levels, and force the enemy to change the air attack plan.

Counterattack is an effective way to destroy the enemy's air attack weapons and ground and sea platforms; only by actively organizing counterattacks and destroying the enemy's air attack intentions can we weaken the enemy's air attack force and reduce the pressure of the enemy's air defense operations; although the duration of the enemy's air raids, the counterattack must be active, and we must be good at creating and using fighter planes to lose no time in organizing air forces, campaign and tactical missile units, and artillery assault forces in light of the situation of both the enemy and us, and weaken and contain the enemy's attack force with indirect strikes based on the enemy's air attack forces and weapons bases that pose the greatest threat to us. Interfere with the disruption of its air raid plans and attempts.

Protection is now the preservation of vital force in the air raid war. As the accuracy and lethal power of air attack weapons are gradually increasing, as long as they are closely organized and protected, they can protect personnel, equipment, and materials and improve their survivability.

Despite the rapid development of anti-aircraft defense weapons and the great improvement of air defense capabilities, the important role of protection has not disappeared, and even a small number of air attack weapons can destroy and destroy targets if they break through anti-air defenses.

The integration of resistance, countermeasures, and defense in air defense warfare can effectively strike at the enemy, achieve noticeable combat results, reduce one's own losses, and maintain sustained combat capability.

So, how did the army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia counter air raids and conduct air defense operations?

Judging from the current situation, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia mainly uses five tactics.

First, based on reality, the inferior prevails. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's air defense system, especially its anti-aircraft missile system, is the most powerful anti-aircraft defense network among Eastern European countries, and it has a certain degree of air defense and counterattack capability; it has 50 Eagle fighters, 75 MiG-21 fighters, and 16 MiG-29 fighters, a total of 141 fighters. 1,000 SA-2, SA-3, SAM surface-to-air missiles, A9-13 SAM, about 2,000. 20, 30, 57 mm anti-aircraft guns 2,000 pieces.

The second is to be well prepared and calmly respond to the battle. After NATO Secretary General Solana announced an air raid on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia first declared a state of emergency for war throughout the country, and the air defense system was put on high alert.

After the air raid began, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia dispatched planes to intercept it, organized antiaircraft artillery firing into the air, and sounded the air defense alarm in the cities that were attacked by the air.

The third is the integration of ground and air, and the ground is used to control the air. Not to mention the small number and poor quality of the Yugoslav air force, the price is that the functions of NATO fighters are higher than those of NATO fighters, and they are unable to do so. Judging from the situation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's air defense and anti-air raids, it is mainly the use of anti-aircraft missiles, antiaircraft artillery, and other ground-based air defense weapons to actively resist.

The air defense forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, all the glory of the strikes of NATO air strikes, without exception, were achieved by the ground air defense forces.

Fourth, it is necessary to combine the fight against Tibet and fight flexibly. During the operation, the casualties of the troops and civilians of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were not too large, thanks to the timely adoption of concealment, camouflage, and other measures.

Before the war, heavy equipment such as airplanes, tanks, and artillery were already hidden in caves, and some radars of the air defense system were hidden in densely populated areas, and a large number of false targets were set up near important targets, such as aircraft, tanks, and missiles on highways.

Fifth, you hit yours, and I hit mine. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attaches great importance to ensuring that important facilities are exposed to attacks by cruise missiles and stealth aircraft. They formulated a strategy of "you fight yours, I fight me", made use of the experience of Iraq and Bosnia and Herzegovina in counterattacking wars that were not cruise missiles, and conducted actual combat exercises in the air and air defense units.

The cruise missiles launched by the United States from the sea and from the air were flown according to the flight and geographical terrain set by the computer before the launch, and in accordance with the road map. In foreseeable places, after foreseeing the time of possible air strikes on targets, we should deploy in advance the areas where they must pass through with good maneuverability, intensive firepower, and fierce air weapons, try to ambush the missiles flying at low speeds, and move them after they have finished fighting.

This method has resulted in a very low hit rate of US cruise missiles, setting a record for the lowest in the market for the use of this weapon, and the Yugoslav army has effectively resisted US cruise missiles.

At 27:21 a.m. on March, the Yugoslav army shot down a stealth fighter, and the Yugoslav ground missile unit unexpectedly shot down the US F117 stealth fighter in one fell swoop with a not very advanced SAM missile.