Bu 19 turned around the water jet raft in the Yellow River and pressed it towards the east bank of the Yellow River. Pen fun and pavilion www.biquge.info

"This is simply a doll who can't bully it, lean on it and shoot three more shots!" , Bu XIX ordered.

The two sailors buried their heads in the wheels, and the raft made rolling waves behind it, and the raft leaned back to the shore.

Due to the current, the raft is much slower than when it is downstream.

Wherever the raft went, the soldiers of Aixin scattered one after another.

"There are too few people to shoot a shot. The one who takes the bird gun first looks at it and fights it himself. ”

A cannonball fell into the Yellow River a few feet from the water jet raft, stirring up a column of water several feet high.

"Deputy Commander, over there!"

Bu 19 picked up the binoculars.

On the bank of the Yellow River, a general's artillery carriage is facing his raft.

Bu 19 took away the binoculars.

The gun carriage was about six or seven hundred feet away from him.

"Rush up and shoot it!" , Bu Nineteen commanded loudly, "Oh oh oh! ”

"Ho Ho Xi Zuo, Ho Xi Zuo Ho Xi Zuo ......", the sailor who stepped on the wheel immediately shouted the boatman's horn as soon as he heard Commander Bu raise his head.

The gunner on the water jet raft adjusted the direction of the gun mount, and the raft was heading towards the general's gun carriage.

The general cannon of Aixinguo on the shore had just finished firing a cannon, and the pipe cannon was using an iron rod to clean the gunpowder residue in the barrel. Unexpectedly, the raft came towards it violently, and the pipe cannon pulled out the iron rod and shouted urgently: "Hurry!" Fast! ”

"Uhh

The pipe cannon stabbed the wet cloth twice with an iron rod, and brought out the sparkling cloth with the iron rod and threw it aside.

"Uhh

The pipe cannon rotates back and forth in the barrel several times with an iron rod against the damp cloth, and pulls out the damp cloth.

"Charge quickly!"

A gunner took a pre-prepared amount of gunpowder and poured it into the barrel.

The tube cannon was replaced with a long, round, flat-headed wooden pole called a "sender", which gently pushed the gunpowder into the bottom of the barrel.

The pipe cannon holds a wooden hammer in his right hand and strikes the end of the "send" "dangdang".

Whether the artillery is well fought or not, in addition to the weight of gunpowder in advance, the scene depends on these few knocks, the knock on the ground is light, the gunpowder is too weak, the knock is heavy, and the gunpowder is too solid.

"Pretending to be a Trojan horse!"

The gunner stuffed a large wooden plug into the muzzle.

The pipe cannon knocked on the transmitter and sent the Trojan horse to the depths of the cannon chamber.

"Load!"

The gunner took two pounds of lead and threw it into the barrel with a grunt.

"Aim!"

Only then did another gunner, with an arquebus wrapped around his arm, step forward, lift the gun wagon, pull it back a few steps, turn it in the other direction, and then push the gun cart forward.

A small stone was stuck in the low wheel of the gun wagon, and the gun cart paused.

The two-pound lead fell to the ground with a grunt.

The pipe cannon kicked away the small stone, "Want to die?" Hurry up! ”

The gunner, wrapped in the arquebus, pulled the gun carriage a few times and lowered the wheels.

The cannon picks up the lead and throws it back into the barrel.

The arquebusier pierced the firing door at the end of the barrel with a needle and inserted a piece of arquebus.

The pipe cannon wiped his sweat, and looked back at the approaching raft, and there were still 400 feet of waterway.

"Her grandmother's!" Guan Pao scolded secretly.

This distance is not far or close, and the height of the barrel is the most difficult to grasp, so it is better to put it closer before firing.

The tube cannon went around the back of the general cannon, pouted his ass and aimed left and right, and at a glance he saw the three black holes on the raft opposite.

The tube cannon is a spirit, look left and right, and all four are the retreating Eight Banner soldiers.

"Her grandmother's! Ignition! ”

Anyway, the cannon flashed far away.

The gunner ignited the arquebus in the fire door with the fire rope on his arm and immediately ran backwards.

"Boom!"

The general cannon roared.

The two-pound lead carried the sound of the wind, rubbing the reeds raised high on the bow of Bu Nineteen's water jet raft, and fell into the water more than ten feet behind the raft.

Bu Jiujiu looked at the column of water stirred up by the lead in the distance behind him, and commented disdainfully: "This cannon is not as good as just now." ”

Bu Nineteen Da shouted: "Oh, oh, oh! ”

The speed of the water jet raft has increased even more.

The gunners of Aixinguo found that the cannon had missed, and the oncoming raft howled loudly as if it was enraged: "Tube cannon, what is the matter now?" ”

Guan Cannon scolded: "Her grandmother's", and ran away.

The people around the general's cannon ran out of the air, and Bu Shijiu laughed: "Rush up and snatch the cannon back!" ”

The signal corps ordered: "Deputy commander, the chief of staff has issued an order for us to withdraw." ”

Bu Jiu didn't believe it: "Can you see it really?" Make no mistake! ”

The communications soldier hurriedly said: "It won't be wrong. The chief of staff issued a flag-language military order, which was issued three times in a row. ”

Bu Shijiu looked at the empty general cannon on the bank of the Yellow River, and was a little reluctant: "Is this Sun Dingliao afraid of Aixinguo?" Forget it, go up and get a shot. ”

The water jet raft drove firmly towards the general's cannon.

"Uh-huh"

A low voice rushed over Bu Nineteen's head and disappeared over the raft.

The tiger squat gunner on the raft shouted: "It's the red-haired cannon!" ”

Bu Jiujiu didn't care, "Don't worry, you see where the cannons have gone." ”

The tiger squat gunner was so anxious that he shouted: "As long as the big lead of the red-haired cannon is rubbed, we will be finished!" ”

Bu Jiujiu was also impatient, "Isn't this still on yet." ”

On the empty battlefield, the water jet raft sailed steadily to the shore two hundred feet from the shore, "boom", and fired a fierce fire at the general's cannon.

"Uh-huh"

Another muffled sound swept over the port side of the raft.

This time, the people on the raft saw clearly, a large lead almost stuck to the surface of the water into the Yellow River, making a splash several feet long. About a thousand feet upstream, there are four Hongyi cannons that are busy and busy.

The tiger squat gunner held his head in both hands and begged, "Commander, quickly withdraw, the red-haired cannon will be more and more accurate." ”

Bu Jiu turned his head and asked, "Why?" ”

The Liaodong Tiger squatting gunners were about to cry urgently, "The one who fires first will tell the muzzle of the cannon to the one who fires later, and the one who fires the cannon later follows the muzzle, and naturally one cannon is more accurate than the other." ”

Bu Jiu calculated in his heart that there were four Hongyi cannons in Aixinguo, and two of them had not been fired, so it was estimated that it would be dangerous according to this posture.

"Reverse!" , Bu 19 finally ordered.

The tiger squat gunner rushed to the wheel one by one, pushed the sailor away, and stepped on it himself desperately.

The water jet raft slowed down, then stopped, then slowly retreated, then retreated as fast as the current, and finally retreated faster than the current, retreating more than a thousand feet in a moment.

Bu 19 ordered: "Anchor!" ”

Puff puff puff a few sandbags thrown into the water.

The speed at which the raft retreated quickly slowed down.

The tiger squat gunner shouted: "Commander, we can't stop, as soon as we stop, we will become dead targets." ”

Bu Jiu shouted: "What are you afraid of! Didn't you say that the Hongmao cannon should be adjusted one cannon at a time? We've run so far that they can't do it all over again? ”

The water jet raft was anchored in the middle of the river, and the patriotic soldiers on the east bank made a comeback like a gale.

One by one, the general cannon and the tiger squat cannon were erected one after another by the river, and the gun positions were more than one mile and less than half a mile, and the muzzle of the gun pointed to the wide river. The gun emplacements extend all the way to the Qingshanzui path, and they are still extending inward.

To be honest, Bu Nineteen didn't care much about the general cannon, but he was a little afraid of the tiger squatting cannon. Tiger squatting artillery hit a large area, and it is impossible to go to the east coast to bombard the patriotic new country.

A group of Eight Banner soldiers walked behind those cannons and re-entered the Qingshanzui Passage.

Bu 19 watched as they filled in the trenches dug by the third battalion and continued to drive in.

"Uh-huh"

"Poof!"

Another large lead shot of the Hongyi cannon fell into the water near the water jet raft.

Bu Jiu glanced at the location where the lead fell into the water and ordered: "Wait for them to shoot two more shots, and then change positions." ”

Signal Corps Report: "Headquarters orders to retreat!" ”

Bu Jiuyi was stunned, "Headquarters? You mean the headquarters order, not the chief of staff? ”

The signal man confirmed: "Yes! ”

Bu 19 unwillingly ordered: "Withdraw!" ”

———————

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How far can the Hongyi cannon hit?

When discussing the range of the Hongyi cannon, it is necessary to distinguish between two completely different concepts, the maximum range and the effective range.

The former refers to the distance of the maximum projectile that the gun can obtain, and in general, the angle between the axis of the gun bore and the horizontal plane is close to 45 degrees, and the firing range is the farthest (considering the air resistance, the distance of the projectile at 45 degrees is slightly smaller); The latter refers to the range that an artillery can achieve while maintaining sufficient lethality and accuracy of hitting.

Modern artillery no longer attaches importance to distinguishing between these two concepts, and modern artillery is capable of maintaining considerable power and accuracy even at the maximum firing range.

But in the era of Hongyi cannons, the two are two completely different concepts, more similar to today's rifles: the effective range of ordinary rifles when shooting at human targets is 400 meters, but in fact, rifle bullets still have lethal killing ability at more than 1,000 meters away, and their maximum range is more than several thousand meters.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were two kinds of shells that could be used, one was a solid spherical shell, and the other was a "scatter". According to Qi Jiguang, the process of loading the bulk is quite cumbersome, first of all, the artillery needs to be erected, which is not a simple matter for artillery weighing thousands of catties, then the gunpowder is loaded, a wooden partition (horse) is placed above the gunpowder, and finally the projectile is placed on top of the partition, and the projectile needs to be filled with mud. Carefully compact before firing. For the Hongyi cannon, first of all, its length reaches a length of nearly three meters, and it is impossible to load the "scatter" according to the previous method. It is undoubtedly extremely difficult to load the "scatter" at the level of the gun body, even at a certain elevation angle. Therefore, the Hongyi cannon during the Ming and Qing dynasties should still use solid spherical shells. At the same time, Manchu documents show that the Hongyi cannons cast at that time were all large, that is, there were no shotguns, and there were no grapes similar to those in the West.

If the elevation angle of the Hongyi cannon is 45 degrees, affected by air resistance, the angle of landing will definitely be greater than 50 degrees, assuming that the angle of the cavalry from the ground to the top of the head is 220 cm, and the maximum width is 90 cm, and the solid shell is "sticking to death, touching death", then its effective killing area is only a pitiful 184 cm X 90 cm, and only someone who is particularly unlucky to enter this area can be killed.

At that time, the iron cannon of the Hongyi cannon was about 600 rounds and the copper cannon was about 1,000 rounds, and it was no longer usable. Thousands of pounds of artillery are expensive, and it is extremely difficult to deploy and transport, so every effort must be made to maximize the lethality of each shell.

In fact, this type of smoothbore front-loading gun is fired at a very small elevation angle during use, and in the case of a small elevation angle, there is a great probability that a ricochet will occur. The greatest value of this type of weapon is to use the huge kinetic energy of the solid spherical shell to "kill a bloody alley" and "erode dozens of miles with one shot" in the ranks of the enemy. It has been recorded that 33 armored Spanish heavy cavalry were killed by the same shell.

The Republic of Venice once tested the 60-pounder gun, and it was concluded that it could maintain sufficient power and accuracy at a distance of 640 meters, but if power and accuracy were not taken into account, its shells could fly up to 3,000 meters, in other words, its maximum range was 3,000 meters, and its effective range was 640 meters.

In 1598 engineer Eugenio Gentilini published a table of the direct range and maximum range of various firearms, covering several models from muskets to 120-pound heavy guns. According to this table, the direct firing range of the artillery is between 200 and 300 yards, while the maximum range, for heavy artillery, can reach 3.5 to 4 km, and light guns can be as short as 2.5 km. Accordingly, some articles on 16th-century military science argue that artillery fire at a distance of between 300 and 1,000 yards should have been at that time.

Direct-aim range means that you can directly use the principle of three points and one line to aim. The direct aiming range is not the range when the axis of the gun is absolutely horizontal, and normally the line of sight is not parallel to the axis of the gun breech, but has an angle. An experienced gunner will adjust this angle according to the actual hit point of the target.

In the Battle of Humen in the First Opium War, two British 74-gun warships dropped anchor at 360 meters and 540 meters from Weiyuan Fort to fire at the battery, and the battery was destroyed, while the two warships did not suffer any substantial losses.

The Battle of Humen was a loss of face for the Qing army (if there was any face), and 20 years later, on June 25, 1859, it was slightly redeemed at the Dagu Fort. According to the field records of the British army at the time. Several small British ships were shelled at a distance of 500-700 yards from the Dagu battery, and 3-4 were sunk.

If you use the Hongyi cannon to attack a huge stationary target such as a city wall, the effective range and attack effect should be amplified.

In May of the third year of Chongzhen, the Ming army rebelled against Luanzhou. Sun Yuanhua "self-dispensed ammunition and brought his own cart cattle", delivered the artillery team of the Hongyi cannon to Huanglong, and ordered Wu Jinsheng, the general manager of Qian, to be in charge, and he also specially made an order arrow of "dispatch by order" to avoid "he will not know the interests and leave the camp". Huanglong attacked with Hongyi artillery for three days, broke through the battlements and conquered the city. More than 400 people were killed in the Jin army, and they were ordered to stay behind in the Great Bel Amin to slaughter the city and return to the city, and were swept to the end by Huang Taiji.

The Ming people praised the Hongyi cannon for being long in attacking the city: "It can crack the stone city and shake it for ten miles." ”

In the later period of the Ming and Qing wars, the quantity and quality of the Hongyi cannons of the Manchu Dynasty surpassed those of the Ming Dynasty.

The Qing people once made a bold statement: "Put a hundred cannons in a row, how can it afford to attack in three or four days?"