Zhou Zhongying is just an old talent, and the biggest official he has seen in his life is just a provincial scholar. How can a prince like Sun Yuan be identified?

Today, he actually spoke with Sun Taichu, who is famous all over the world, and it is said that he should adhere to the discipline of reading seeds and scold Sun Yuan, a traitor, this is a rare opportunity to become famous

！

However, when he saw Sun Yuan, Zhou Zhongying couldn't think of any other thoughts except being humble or being polite, and now seeing Sun Yuan asking shamelessly, he inexplicably bred a trace of excitement in his heart.

Immediately, he glanced at the musket in Sun Yuan's hand, and replied carefully: "Fang Cai Wansheng has already asked the craftsman inside, saying that there is a thread in the barrel." ”

"Oh, you're talking about rifling, Mr. Zhou has a heart."

Zhou Zhongying continued: "This musket is different from ordinary muskets with only a bare barrel, and it also adds a light door and a lookout mountain, which is supposed to be used for aiming. Also, all the lead bullets of this gun are not round. ”

He pointed to the roll of ammunition paper that had already been rolled on the table, and said, "This is a lead bullet with a pointed end, and it is estimated that because it is a pointed bullet, this musket has shot extremely far." I saw that the arrows and dams you mentioned in Yingchuan Hou were all two hundred steps away, and ordinary muskets could not shoot that far. ”

Sun Yuan couldn't help but nodded: "Mr. Zhou is careful and admires." That's right, the latest musket used in our town today has no rifles in the barrel, and the maximum range of this smoothbore flintlock pistol is only 100 meters, well, more than 30 feet. And the range of grapeshot and shrapnel fired by our town's artillery can exceed it, so that artillery becomes the superior weapon, which is the key factor in determining the victory or defeat of a battle. However, my Minnie had a maximum range of up to 400 paces, which was longer than grapeshot and shrapnel, so the tactics changed dramatically. Artillery was relegated to the back of the infantry and became a supportive weapon, rather than an offensive one. ”

This is from the famous British military strategist Fuller during the First World War, which is the history of the elimination of the smoothbore gun in the era of the Napole wheel by the Miney gun.

The appearance of the Mini gun changed the form of warfare and reduced the reuse of artillery. However, with the advent of new artillery, artillery once again became the god of war.

Wolf also nodded: "My lord is right, there used to be a rule that artillery should not approach within three hundred yards of the enemy's infantry unless absolutely necessary, that is to say, it should not approach within the range of rifles and bows; Now this rule will soon become obsolete. With the increasing range of the muskets, the field artillery could no longer move smoothly beyond the range of the rifle, and the artillery and its front vehicles, horses, and gunners formed a considerable target, which the infantry could fire at from a distance of five hundred yards with this Mini rifle designed by the adults. It has long been believed that whoever wants to live longer will become an artilleryman, but this perception no longer seems to be true

。 ”

"Haha, and the key to all of this is with rifling and this Mini point-tipped bullet." Sun Yuan proudly picked up a piece of ammunition that had been rolled, disassembled it, and lit up the pointed head in front of everyone.

Zhou Zhongying's eyes were sharp, and he saw that there seemed to be a hole dug behind the lead bullet, and a wooden wedge was stuffed inside. And the tail of the warhead seems to have a circle of threads carved into it.

Sun Yuan said: "In the past, when our musketeers used smoothbore guns to shoot, because there was no rifling in the barrel, the sealing was not good, in order to maintain the muzzle velocity of the lead bullet when it came out of the barrel, in addition to wrapping the cow and sheep cloak or silk on the bullet head, the lead bullet had to be made larger than the barrel. Therefore, the gunner had a lot of trouble when loading ammunition, and he had to use a wooden hammer to smash the bullet into it. But even so, after the lead bullet is ejected, it will leak air because it is not tightly integrated with the barrel, which greatly affects the range. And there's no ballistics in the air, and once you're out, you don't know where it's going. ”

Hearing this, Wolf and the two Prussian mechanics beside him couldn't help but nod their heads, there were too many problems with the old muskets, especially the trouble of reloading. Because lead bullets are larger than the barrel, they are easy to get stuck in the barrel when shooting. And the musketeers, because they were so nervous, didn't notice this at all, and mechanically kept loading, shooting, loading, shooting. It is said that during the previous Battle of Gyeonggi, a musketeer found that his gun barrel was filled with more than a dozen lead bullets that did not shoot after the battle.

In view of this, Wolf later designed a hook at the end of the musket to facilitate the hooking of the lead bullet stuck in the barrel.

"Well, now, this pointed bullet is smaller than the previous lead bullet and can be loaded into the barrel relatively easily. Yes, because a cavity is designed behind the warhead, when firing, the warhead expands under heat, and the threads and rifling of the tail can be tightly combined and rotated out. And because the bullet has a strong rotation in the air, the trajectory is extremely stable, and the range is also long. Mr. Zhou...... Do you understand? ”

Zhou Zhongying's head was big when he heard it, and he only felt like he was listening to a book from heaven. As an ordinary scholar of the Ming Dynasty, how to understand the knowledge of modern physics. For example, the basic physics knowledge of air expansion by heat is also an unheard of fantasy talk for them, and after a few snorts, it will be vague.

Sun Yuan didn't say much to him anymore, and asked Wolf again: "Erhu, what do you think of using this kind of mini gun against cavalry?" ”

Wolff: "If the infantry of the unit were armed with this musket, as I said earlier, within five hundred yards, the artillery and its front vehicles, horses and gunners would form a considerable target. A cavalry attack on the infantry was also a suicide, because the cavalry had not yet approached the infantry and most of the horses and cavalry had already been hit

。 According to my calculations, the cavalry can only hit the infantry at a maximum of 300 yards, and this Mini gun has a range of 500 yards, my lord. ”

Sun Yuan rubbed his hands excitedly: "Great, great, it's true." As far as he knew, during the American Civil War, the Minnie achieved a kill rate of more than 80 percent, even more than the aircraft artillery of World War II. This is simply a big killer in the era of queuing to shoot: "Erhu, your Ordnance Bureau has made a great contribution this time." Let's not talk nonsense, the military is about to change clothes, and I will place an order with you on behalf of the army to produce 10,000 units for me within three months. How many workers and as many materials are needed, I will satisfy you Ordnance Bureau infinitely. ”

He could already imagine the situation on the battlefield in the future, where a large number of Ningxiang musketeers armed with Minnie guns knocked Jiannu to the ground like rabbits.

Wolf shook his head, "No, my lord. ”

Sun Yuan: "But the production capacity is not enough, otherwise, it will be reduced by half, 5,000." ”

Wolf was still shaking his head, even the two Western mechanics beside him were shaking their heads.

Sun Yuan was a little annoyed: "Three thousand." ”

Still shaking his head.

Sun Yuan: "No, it's so slow, you can't say that you can only produce 1,000 pieces...... Hey, a thousand is a thousand. If you mix it, you can also equip an infantry battalion. ”

"A thousand is not enough, my lord." Wolf said: "To tell you the truth, I can only supply the army with fifty new Minnie guns. ”

"What, it's only fifty, three months?" Sun Yuan exclaimed in surprise: "I heard you right, right? ”

"You heard me right, my lord."

"How can this be." Sun Yuan was furious and said, "Didn't you make ten of them, and besides, I don't think it's difficult to make this kind of gun." ”

He was angry, and Wolf was also angry, and shouted angrily: "My lord, if it is not difficult to make this kind of gun by hand, it will only take a little more time." But have you ever thought about it, if you want to equip the army in large quantities, it involves standardization. Do you know the standard words, the size of the barrel, the size of the bullet, and the depth of the rifling must be uniform, and it must be accurate to the extent that one-tenth of a hair. Do you think you can do it with a few simple lathes and the experience of the workers and a few rulers? It's being made, I'm afraid that every gun is different, what's the point of such a gun

。 Moreover, this kind of gun is really expensive to make and has no practical value. It's okay for you to get a few hunting and playing, but if you want to let the infantry have a handful, even if you invite God, it's useless. ”

"That's right, this kind of gun is also used as a toy for the nobility, and is usually used as an ornament in the living room. If you want to promote, unless you invent a machine that can control the accuracy to one-tenth of the accuracy of a hair, is it possible? Also, do you know how much time it takes to manually pull out the rifling in the barrel, and do you know how difficult it is to make the hook knife used to draw rifling? If you are not careful, the work you have done before will be in vain. Some things are not as simple as you think. ”

Erhu's words were to the point, and he poured a basin of cold water on Sun Yuan on the spot.

True, the American Civil War was in the period of the Industrial Revolution, and standardized industrial production had begun, and each gun that came out of the workshop was exactly the same size, and the quality was reliable and inexpensive, and it could be equipped into the army in large quantities.

And now in the seventeenth century, the all-handmade Minny gun is just a luxury, and there is no way to popularize production. Moreover, this is also inconsistent with Sun Yuan's idea of army building.

The Ningxiang Army's idea of army building is to use the assembly line method to continuously explode troops and send qualified soldiers to the front line in a steady stream.

According to the cost of these mini guns at hand, one will cost at least ten taels of silver, maybe it will be more expensive, and it will be time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is not cost-effective.

Sun Yuan was greatly depressed when he thought that he had spent so much energy, stayed up all night and spent so many drawings according to his memory, and in the end it was invalid because he could not carry out industrial production.

It seems that it is indeed simple to think about the problem by yourself, and everyone knows many things, but because of the limitations of science and technology, or the high cost, there is no way to promote it. For example, in modern society, everyone knows that if nuclear fusion is controlled, it will be a great good thing for mankind if it is promoted. If a car is equipped with a small nuclear reactor, it will be clean and hygienic for a few years without adding any fuel. But because the technology can't reach that step, it can only be an assumption.

Another example is that everyone is rich in helium-3 on the moon, and if it is transported back to Earth, it can easily solve the energy crisis that mankind will face. The cost of transporting helium-3 from the moon to Earth is not affordable to anyone, and this is where productivity and science and technology do not reach that step.

"It seems that I'm still hot-headed, and I've made a confused decision in my head." Sun Yuan couldn't help but sigh: "Yang Yuejin, I can't help it." ”

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