Zhang Tinggong believed in his heart that Shen Di, the governor of Xuanfu, was at the behest of the emperor, but this matter could only be done and not said.

Don't make peace, don't pay tribute, don't call yourself a minister, don't cut land!

The Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies!

This is my Ming temperament!

Once upon a time, Zhang Tinggong was convinced of this sentence.

After the governor of Datong, Zhang Tinggong smiled at this sentence.

The horse plundering platform outside the victory fort of Datong is the place where Altan Khan was crowned the king of Shunyi;

Datong's victory fort horse market is the place where the Ming Jin Kingdom and the Ming Kingdom exchanged money for the first time after paying tribute.

Zhang Tinggong knows too much about the Taoism here.

The so-called "tribute" means that the king of Shunyi pays 500 horses to the court every year. Thirty of them were dedicated to the emperor, and the remaining four hundred and seventy Datong border troops were used as war horses.

The tribute envoy of the king of Shunyi escorted thirty horses into Beijing, and the rewards, return gifts, and benefits naturally do not need to be detailed.

The other entourage of the king of Shunyi stayed at the border during the period when the tribute envoy entered Beijing, and was entertained by Datong Town, which was good food and drink, and pocket money, which was called "comfort".

For 470 ordinary horses, Datong Town had to pay at a price much higher than the market.

The so-called "Tong" refers to the mutual market, which includes the official horse market and the private monthly market. The horse market only trades horses, and the monthly market trades things other than horses.

The reason for this arrangement was to limit the scale of the Mongol trade. The only bulk product that the Mongols could sell was horses, which limited the number of horses sold by the Mongols, that is, the total amount of products that the Mongols bought from the Ming Dynasty. This is a strategic means used by the Ming Dynasty to bind Mongolia,

Therefore, the horse market has strict control over the trading volume of each Mongolian tribe, which is called "market reward", and it is not possible to sell more horses after exceeding. Horses also became the official monopoly of the Ming Dynasty, and private trading was a crime, called "private market Mengma".

When making a specific transaction, the two parties agree on the grade and price of the horse in advance. The Mongols did not need silver, so in addition to the price of horses denominated in silver, it was also agreed that the price should be denominated in silk, cloth, etc.

For example, the town of Datong has set prices for eight types of horses. One is silver, and the horse is divided into four grades from six taels to ten taels. The second is called the python otter, the horse is one python satin each, and the otter skin is from six to ten sheets, a total of five grades. Three days of gold satin, one gold satin for each horse, otter skins from ten to fifteen sheets, a total of two grades. Four tiger skins, four horses each. Five leopard skins, each leopard skin from three to six, a total of three grades. Six said shuttle cloth, forty horses per shuttle cloth, those with green cloth, those with or without green cloth, a total of two grades. And so on and so forth......

When determining the rank of horses, in addition to the quality of the horses, it is also necessary to look at the owner of the horse, and it is stipulated that "there is a difference in the number of people who go down from the king of Shunyi".

After the horse transaction is completed, the horse market officials take a percentage according to the transaction amount, which is called "drawing points", because they will also score after the draw. Nominally, it was a reward for the leader of the Mongol tribe who came to trade.

When the first time he exchanged markets with the king of Shunyi, Altan Khan, the two sides agreed to get on 12 taels of horses, 10 taels of middle horses, 8 taels of horses, and more than 7,000 horses at a time. Naturally, a lot of points were drawn, and everyone was happy.

At the end of the period, when it was the time of the last king of Bushtu Shunyi, the two sides agreed to buy 52,500 horses every year, and 320,000 taels of silver. Among them, the three victorious families of Datong Town received 15,000 horses, and the price of the horses was 100,000 taels of silver. The average price of a horse fell to six taels and six cents per horse.

The excess volume and falling price are not the result of the market, they are all human factors.

The Mongols were eager to exchange more Ming products, so the number of horses traded continued to break through. The official horse market is the only one, so the price of buying horses is constantly decreasing.

The Mongols, with their resentment, supplied only the worst horses. The foal is born and leads the mare to the pod. The foals that can run up to the pony in one breath are kept as mounts. The foal that was able to run half of the way was castrated as a meat horse. If you can't go up half of it, sell it to Daming.

And that's just information for outsiders. If you look at it internally, the sources of the 100,000 taels of silver in Datong Town are 40,000 taels of silver for the household department, 30,000 taels of silver for the horses of the military department, 20,000 taels of silver for the horses and grass, and 10,000 taels of silver for the sale of the horses.

That is to say, 20,000 taels out of 100,000 taels are forage money. You can't buy a horse and let it not eat or drink!

Of the hundred thousand taels, 10,000 taels were the silver that was sold for the horses. That is to say, there is no silver at all, and Datong Town needs to earn it himself after handing over the horses.

In this way, the three horse markets such as the victory mouth of Datong Town were actually allocated 35,000 taels of silver to Yanghe Daoling, and the governor of Xuanda paid it at the entrance of Shoukou and Xinping two cities. The sub-patrol road received 35,000 taels of silver, and listened to the governor of Datong to win the city.

Calculate it again, that is, the average purchase price of Mongolian horses is four taels and six dollars!

Therefore, on the day of the exchange of markets, the town association and other officials reorganized their troops and horses, and waited for the battle to strictly check that the Mongols would fill up the number of unbearable horses. Anyone who breaks his tongue, cuts his mane and tail, cuts his throat, or fills mud and sand is not allowed to enter the secret door of the horse market. If the Tartars are as crazy as they have been, there will be no case, and if there is a slight misdeed, try to punish it!

In this case, the city rewards of Datong Town are often used up! Naturally, it affected the "drawing of points" of King Shunyi and others.

After several negotiations, the two sides creatively proposed a solution: the number of horses that were not traded would also be converted into silver.

Time entered the Chongzhen era, Lin Dan Khan defeated the king of Shunyi and demanded tribute from the Ming Dynasty.

At first, Chongzhen refused.

Attack my Daming Domain, and you still want my Daming City reward, dream of it!

dignified, not friendly, not paying tribute, not being a minister, not cutting land!

The Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies!

This is my Ming temperament!

After Lin Dan attacked the Ming Dynasty several times, under the persuasion of the minister, Chongzhen accepted the statement that although Lin Dan Khan was not a vassal state, he "inherited" the share of the Shunyi king's mutual market.

The rude Lin Dan Khan proposed that the year was not good, and the horse was gone, so he would directly convert it into "draw points" according to the old practice, a total of 81,000 taels!

I don't know which one gave Lin Dan this idea.

The military department Shangshu was so angry that he jumped to his feet, there is a horse price, and the horse price is gone, what else to draw, what to divide!

The subtext of the military department is that the subtext is:

I am dignified, I don't get along, I don't pay tribute!

Wang Xiangqian, the eighty-three-year-old governor of Xuanda who mediated the matter, told the emperor that the horses from the mutual market were all inferior horses, and they could not be used as war horses at all, and they were a pure waste of silver. Give him the "draw points", win-win!

Chongzhen then agreed.

Eighty-one thousand taels were called "rewards". "Reward" is different from "Monthly Reward". The "monthly reward" is the military expenditure of Lin Dan Khan's "inheritance" from the Shunyi king's border guard. As for this "reward" of 81,000 taels, what is the name of Lin Dan Khan, I don't know, and I don't know if I know it!

Zhang Tinggong believes that since the emperor could give Xidazi Lin Dan a "reward" of 81,000 taels, now that the situation is compelling, why can't the emperor give Dongdazi Abahai some "city rewards"?

Of course, it must meet a premise: I am not in harmony, do not pay tribute, do not call ministers, do not cut the land, the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies!

It's just that Shen Di, the governor of Xuanfu, is suffering, how can he stand up?

If you get it right, Shen Di can retreat like Wang Xiangqian. If you can't get it right, Shen Di is another Yuan Chonghuan who is behind the pot!

……

Looking at future generations, Zhang Tinggong's estimation is not wrong at all.

Shen Yihe is likely to have an idea!

Because Chongzhen has done something like that entirely. The mastermind of that time was Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of Xuanda in the eleventh year of Chongzhen.

In the eleventh year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji once again marched west to the area of Guihua City, attacked the Khalkha Department who were trading south, and sent the old Chahar Department as an envoy to the Ming Dynasty to ask for peace and mutual markets again.

In March, Lu Xiangsheng, the governor of Xuanda, reported to the emperor in secret and proposed three strategies: Qi was to raid the Qing army with cavalry; Refusing to negotiate and retreating from oneself; In order to stabilize the market, the Qing army was required to withdraw its troops on the condition of mutual market. (See "Lu Xiangsheng Songs", volume 10, "Secret Reports, Border Intelligence, Preparation, Control, and Three Writings")

After receiving the news, Yang Sichang, the secretary of the military department, advocated reaching a peace agreement so that the peasant army could be pacified first. (See "Yang Sichang Collection", vol. 23, "Real Analysis of Foolishness and Loyalty")

Emperor Chongzhen's instructions:

It is reported that since it is a slave, what is the name of the opening of the market? If the old Yi can carry two with the slave, or kill the slave for self-effect, it is allowed to reward the market according to the old practice. The governor tried to do it secretly. On the one hand, he still gathered troops and made strict preparations, and he was not allowed to be favored and hurt the national body. Erbu is about to gallop. (See "The Secret Concert of the Military Department", March 11, 11th year of Chongzhen, Volume 29 of the Ming Dynasty Archives, No. 2192.) ）

Carefully analyze the key points of Chongzhen's instructions: "Since it is a Dongnu, what is the name of the opening market?" If the old Yi can carry two with the slave, or kill the slave for self-effect, it is allowed to reward the market according to the old practice. The governor tried to do it secretly. ”

On the surface, the logic doesn't make sense.

Ponder it carefully, and it is obvious.

Lu Xiangsheng comprehended and opened the market in the name of the old Yi of the insert. As soon as this mutual market opened, it did not stop until the fall of the Ming Dynasty. When the Manchu Qing Dynasty re-entered, they would walk around the Xuanfu.

Alas!

Later generations criticized Zhangjiakou Jin merchants for betraying the country. If there is no Zhangjiakou mutual market, where will the Zhangjiakou Jin merchants go to sell the country?

According to this logic, who is betraying the country? Lu Xiangsheng, or Zhu Youzhen?

It's definitely not Zhu Youzhen.

Zhu Youzhen never agreed to exchange markets with the Manchus.

It can't be Lu Xiangsheng.

Lu Xiangsheng is a great hero and a loyal minister.

Therefore, it can only be a traitor to the Jin merchants in Zhangjiakou.

Because the Jin merchants in Zhangjiakou must have sold iron pots to the Manchus in violation of regulations.