According to the ancient rites, after returning from a great victory, there must be a gift of drinking. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

Zhao inherited the gifts of Yin and Zhou at the same time, and now the soldiers of the three counties broke through Donghu and returned, and won thousands of captives, hundreds of thousands of cattle, sheep and livestock, and made great contributions to the prince. Their blood and sweat were not in vain, and Zhao Hou was overjoyed and decided to personally pick up the wind and wash the dust for the soldiers in Longcheng.

However, the drinking ceremony is very complicated, including ceremonies such as suing the dynasty, drinking to the court, and cedaring, as well as activities such as the whole brigade, Kaile, offering prisoners, offering rest, and rewards, so it takes some time to prepare, not to mention that Zhao Wuxian also wants to make this celebration more politically significant.

Therefore, the date of drinking to celebrate the celebration was set on the first day of the seventh month.

Before that, Zhao Wuxian first met his little sister who had been absent for five years.

Although five years have passed since the previous incident, Zhao Wuxian has always had a knot in his heart, and ignoring Zhao Jia is a manifestation of evasion, but he also sent Yulin guards to protect her.

However, after the meeting, the scene was not as embarrassing as Zhao Wuxian imagined, and he was pleased to find that Zhao Jia had really grown up, although the immature skin in the past was a little rough by the wind and sand on the grassland, a pair of swallow eyebrows looked even more heroic, and the tall nose bridge actually had a bit of Zhao Ying's reincarnation appearance.

After she saw Zhao Wuxian, she didn't coquettish him like she did in Changle Palace many years ago, but bowed to the chief of the inspector coldly, performed the courtesy of the minister, and presented the Donghu sacrifice Tianjin and goddess statues brought back from Chishan.

A conversation between two adults is much better than a one-sided deal with an elusive little girl, five years ago, the brother and sister did not say a word, talking about the war, not family affection.

But slowly, as the conversation deepened, the sense of alienation faded, and the scene of brother and sister harmony in the past seemed to reappear.

When talking about Zhao Jia's five-year life in the grassland, Zhao Wuxian inevitably felt some distress and guilt; Talking about her retreat from the enemy with three arrows outside Mayi City, Zhao Wuxian not only cheered for her, but also habitually reprimanded her, not to risk her life; Zhao Jia stuck out his tongue and continued to regret missing the battle of Rao Leshui, but he didn't know that Zhao Wuxian was obstructing him, and instructed Yu Cheng and the others not to let Zhao Jia participate in the battle that was too dangerous.

Finally, when it came to Zhao Jun's direct attack on Chishan and Le Shi Jigong, Zhao Wuxian couldn't help but admire:

"Slaughter its city, burn its shrine, plow its court, sweep its cave, the clouds sweep through, leaving no residual poison...... The so-called once and for a long time, and those who spend a while and eternal peace are also ......"

He praised Zhao Jia's bravery and literary brilliance, and also laughed at her poetry and calligraphy classes in Weiyang Palace in the past few years.

However, although Zhao Wuxian appreciated the spirit of "those who commit crimes against China, although they are far away, they will be punished", but he did not agree with Zhao Jia's belief that "one thing is done for a long time, and the temporary expense is spent forever", and in his opinion, this war between farming and nomadism has just begun.

Zhao Jia was not convinced: "Plough its court, sweep its lu, and put it in the county, so that Donghu will not perish?" Looking at the north, who else can threaten the Zhao State? ”

Zhao Wuxian said: "Although the Donghu nest was destroyed this time, at most, it was to let the Donghu people escape and let the name of Donghu disappear from the world." Perhaps a few hundred years later, the remnants of Donghu will come out of the deep mountains and old forests and have been renamed Wuhuan, Xianbei, and Khitan, but their impact on the farming land of the city will still be as continuous as their ancestors. ”

"This is just the Donghu family, how big the grassland is, you are afraid that you don't know very well, 30,000 miles from east to west, 20,000 miles from north to south, the size is about the same as the entire Kyushu, far from being included in the line of Daibei. Hetao, Yinshan, Monan, Mobei, nomadic tribes are dotted, and there are hundreds of thousands of people who lead the bow, and Donghu is just a drop in the ocean. With Zhao State's current limited energy, it is already very difficult to get out of the fortress, and it is basically impossible to solve them once and for all, even if it can be suppressed for a while, but it cannot guarantee that after a thousand years, the Beidi invasion will not repeat the situation of China's endless line. ”

Not to mention the current Zhao State, even if it is a strong man in history, he once slaughtered the city of Dawan, followed the fortress of Wusun, the Han of Ai Korea, and pulled the flag of Liangyue, how majestic. But only the Xiongnu, although repeatedly defeated by the Han army, still failed to completely solve the northern border troubles, and the Han people couldn't help but sigh: "Beidi is really the enemy of China!" ”

Seeing that Zhao Jia was still unconvinced, Zhao Wuxian knew that for this far-reaching historical issue, it would be unclear for a while, so he simply went back to the source and said: "To explain this problem, we must first figure out what is nomadic ......."

……

"Nomadism, isn't it just a barbarian tribe who settles down and cultivates fields without a city, migrates from water and grass, lives on livestock, and is not as polite and honest as Huatong?"

Zhao Jia has been in Daibei for several years and is already very familiar with the tribes on the grassland, but if she wants to explain what nomadism is, she can only say such an intuitive concept.

"Yes, when did nomadism begin? Why are their customs so different from those of the people who farmed in the Central Plains? ”

Zhao Jia stretched out her hands and felt that this question was meaningless: "Isn't it because of ancient times?" ”

"Of course not."

Zhao Wuxian clapped his hands and asked Yu Linwei to bring up the statue of the goddess of Chishan that Zhao Jia had captured.

Akayama's redstone is made of life-size, with high cheekbones, shallow eye sockets, a low nose bridge, and thin lips. The eyeballs are inlaid with crystal green round jade pieces, the eyes are blazing, the spirit is flying, wearing a robe similar to a deep coat, sitting cross-legged, and the body is also inlaid with some jade pig dragon as decoration.

After taking a few closer looks, and picking up a jade pig dragon to play with, Zhao Wuxian was sure that it was not bad from his previous guess, this statue of the goddess was exactly the same as the Hongshan cultural pottery statue he had seen on TV in his previous life.

So Zhao Wuxian pointed to the statue and said, "Looking at its dress, this thing is not inherent in Donghu. ”

Zhao Jia Daqi: "But this thing was seized from the temple of the Donghu people. ”

Zhao Wuxian shook his head and said: "The Donghu people in the Chishan area have not existed since ancient times, before the Donghu people, there was a small city at the foot of the Chishan Mountain, and the residents in the city would plow, hunt, and livestock, but they did not migrate around as nomads. Their era may be as old as the legendary Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan, stretching all the way to the time of the Xia and Shang dynasties. This idol is supposed to be the creation of those ancient inhabitants. ”

"How does my brother know?" Zhao Jia was slightly surprised, in her opinion, this stone statue with rough workmanship, why could Zhao Wuxian see so many connotations from it? Is he really different from ordinary people, can he look at a hundred years and look down for a thousand years?

For Zhao Wuxian, the reason why he knows this is also because of his interest in later generations, after all, as one of the many sources of Chinese civilization, Hongshan culture is too famous.

According to Zhao Wuxian's knowledge, in the past 10,000 years, the history of the West Liaohe region can be roughly divided into three periods: Hongshan culture, Xiajiadian lower culture and lower culture.

Among them, the Hongshan culture and the lower culture of Xiajiadian are mainly farming. The time corresponds to 6000-1500 BC. Here, the Xiliao River, like the rest of China, is experiencing a warm period, with rhinoceros and elephants running north of the Yellow River, and southern plants such as bamboo growing in abundance north of Yanshan. With abundant rainfall, warm and humid air, streams and swamps, and lush vegetation, Chishan relied on slash-and-burn cultivation to feed a distant ancient city-state and give them enough leisure energy to create the magnificent culture of the Red Mountain Jade Dragon, which profoundly influenced the Xia and Yin Shang.

In that warm and comfortable era, the grasslands could be cultivated everywhere, and there were no real "nomads" in the world.

In 2000-1000 B.C., the continuous cooling of the climate had a profound impact on the north and the Central Plains, and the farming culture in the Chishan area died out, replaced by some tribes that could control horses and live on livestock meat and milk, and their culture covered the previous culture, so it was called the upper culture of Xiajiadian, which was later known as Donghu.

It can be seen that the era of nomadism was actually after farming, and after the farming peoples of the Central Plains used the land that was easy to cultivate and suitable for cultivation, the nomads picked up the remaining rotten land, and in order to survive, they finally gave up the way of farming and animal husbandry, and began to be more adaptable to the environment.

This is the origin of the many Hu tribes on the grassland.

There is another example, and that is the differentiation of the surname Ji. Originally, the ancestor of the surname Ji, Houji, was a master farmer and became a farmer in the Xia Dynasty. But his descendants were divided, some took root in Weishui and became Zhou people, and some "ran into Rongdi", entered the mountains and grasslands, and became Li Rong and Bai Zhai surnamed Ji, living a half-farming and half-pastoral life, and their habits were very different from those of their old relatives Zhou. It is conceivable that if a farming tribe surnamed Ji continued north into the grassland, they would have no other way but to be nomadic.

Therefore, there are no natural nomads, all civilizations and social forms in the world are the result of adaptation to the environment, although human beings have long stopped evolving at the physical level, but in the way of survival, they will never stop.

Therefore, although the nomadic tribes on the grassland are very different from the Central Plains, it is not that they do not want to settle and farm, but they are forced to helpless. Except for the first line of the big river, the grassland is far less humid and suitable for cultivation than it was thousands of years ago, and the people on the grassland can only be nomadic in order to survive! That's the nomad's choice! ”

……

"Brother's words made many of Jia's puzzles clear......"

Zhao Jia was completely stunned, and even had a sense of self-shame, she had often gone deep into the grassland for several years, and met countless nomadic tribes, but her understanding of them was far less thorough than that of her brother, could this be a sage and sage who was born to know?

Admiration arose, and at the same time, after figuring out the source of nomadism, her question also turned back to "how to completely solve the Beidi nuisance".

Zhao Wuxian no longer regarded her as an ignorant little sister, but regarded her as a garrison that could help him rectify the northern frontier, and he did not hide his secrets, and said: "Zhao Guo's Taifu Ling Jiran once calculated an account for me, saying that to feed a family of five, Yecheng can be done without 50 acres of land, and 100 to 200 acres in barren mountainous areas such as Shangdang and Taiyuan. However, on the grassland, it takes 6,000 to 8,000 acres of grassland! This is the reason why the grasslands are vast and sparsely populated, and the tribes often occupy an area as wide as 100 miles. ”

Nomadic life is so hard, not to mention the large and small wind and snow disasters on the grassland, the risk is far greater than farming. Therefore, from a purely anthropological point of view, the invasion of agricultural areas by nomadic tribes for livelihood is also a kind of "helpless choice" under the motive of human survival. In order to make the pastures bigger, in order to get the scarce things of the grasslands in the year of famine, they have a natural desire to expand and plunder.

Of course, from the perspective of the farmers, this kind of plunder was a heinous invasion, and from the standpoint of the lord of the Central Plains, Zhao Wuxian naturally wanted to stop them.

But as he said, no matter how vast the grassland is, the Zhao State cannot monitor it all, and if the Eastern Hu is destroyed, there will be other Hu tribes rising, which has been proven countless times in history. The Donghu Yue clan declined, but the Xiongnu rose in Yinshan, and after the Xiongnu, there were Xianbei tribes, and the five Hu were chaotic. After Xianbei, there was Rouran, and after Rouran came the Turks, Xue Yantuo, and the Uighurs, until the rise of the Mongols, the steppe empire began to enter its heyday, and the golden family conquered half the world.

Their innate militarized life, and the fact that cavalry came and went, gave them an advantage against farming nations. The fundamental purpose of going out of the hinterland of the grassland is to plunder more nomadic space and turn the border area between agriculture and animal husbandry into a grassland full of cattle and sheep.

The agrarian peoples will inevitably guard these areas, and when the population grows, they also want to push the boundary between agriculture and animal husbandry to pastoral areas.

This cycle of repeated mutual promotion is the 3,000-year-old history of grudges between farmers and nomads.

Throughout Chinese history, Zhao argues that the geopolitical pressures brought about by the grasslands cannot be eradicated. The powerful Han, Tang, and Ming all launched an active attack on the outside of the Saiwai, mobilizing more than 100,000 combat units, which dealt a great blow to the nomadic regime. However, after the victory, it was necessary to take the initiative to take the initiative and could not be stationed for a long time to manage, for the simple reason that the climatic conditions in this area simply could not afford the combat methods and logistical consumption of the farmers.

For example, this time, Zhao Wuxian only sent 20,000 people out of the fortress, but the labor that burdened them with baggage and logistics was as high as 200,000! Seeing that for such a war far away in the sky, the treasury was empty day by day, and Ji Ran was about to jump to his feet.

So if you want to rely on a war victory, or eliminate a big tribe, it will play a role once and for all, Zhao Wuxian is not as naïve as Zhao Jia.

But in his heart, he did have a plan, a plan that would largely ensure that the Central Plains would solve the nuisance of the homeless.

Facing Zhao Jia's eager gaze, Zhao Wuxian stroked his beard and said: "Although farming and nomadism are inherently contradictory and almost irreconcilable, it doesn't mean that there is no chance to merge the two into one......

PS: Wang Mingke's "The Nomad's Choice" is a very good book, which analyzes the origin of nomadic society from an anthropological perspective, and you can take a look if you are interested. There is one more chapter in the evening