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In 260 BC, this year was the 55th year of King Xun of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the 47th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, the 3rd year of King Chu Kaolie (13th year of Lu Qinggong), and the 5th year of King Jian of Qi (the last monarch of each country has no name, it is the name of the country + king + name: King Tian Jian of Qi, King Qi of Chu, King Ji Xi of Yan, King Wei of Wei, King Han An of Han, and King Zhao Jia of Dai), 12 years of King Wucheng of Yan, 13 years of King Huan Hui of Han, 17 years of King Wei Anjiao (23 years of Wei Huaijun), and 6 years of King Zhao Xiaocheng. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoAt that time, China was in the Warring States period of great changes, great reorganization, and great collisions. This year is also the decisive year of the most tragic war in the history of the Warring States Period, and even in Chinese history - the Battle of Qin, Zhao and Changping. Thus, our story begins in this year (the time of this book ends in December 265, when Sima Yan usurped Wei Jianjin......

In 260 BC, Lian Po, a famous general of Zhao, had been holding on for two years with the Qin general Wang Yu in Changping, the former Shangdang County of South Korea. After Lian Po lost the first battle and lost a general and a fourth lieutenant, he wisely chose to build a wall and hold on. King Zhao Xiaocheng rejected Yu Qing's suggestion to unite with Chu and Wei, and adopted Lou Chang's suggestion to ask Qin for peace, and asked Zheng Zhu to take the heavy treasure to Xianyang, the capital of Qin, to meet King Qin Zhaoxiang, and the Qin State accepted all these heavy treasures. King Zhao Xiaocheng was very happy and said to Yu Qing, "The peace talks have been successful," Yu Qing sighed, "Husband Zheng Zhu, noble people too." The king of Qin and the marquis of Ying will show the world their attention. And when the world sees the king's concubine in Qin, he will not save the king. Qin knows that if the world does not save the king, it will not be possible" Sure enough, Zheng Zhu was left in Qin by King Qin Zhaoxiang, but the peace that King Zhao Xiaocheng hoped for has not come for a long time...

Although Changping is obviously close to Handan, the capital of Zhao, and far away from Xianyang, the capital of Qin. However, the huge food consumption of two years still made Zhao Guo bitter. So King Zhao Xiaocheng sent people to Qi, another large agricultural country other than Qin at that time, to borrow grain. Although Zhou Zi strongly advocated that Qi should borrow grain, Qi Wangjian still rejected Zhao Xiaocheng's request...

At the beginning of this year, in Handan, the capital of Zhao State, Lü Buwei, a big businessman from Yangzhai in South Korea (recorded as Weiguo Puyang in the Warring States Policy) was discussing with his father a huge conspiracy unprecedented in Chinese history! Lü Buwei asked, "How many times the profit of ploughing the field", his father replied "tenfold", Lu asked again, "How many times the profit of pearl and jade", his father replied "100 times", Lu asked again, "How many times to win the lord of the country", his father was suddenly excited, and could only say two words: "countless", just like that, in a Qin king named Yingyiren, Lü Buwei was determined to make this huge political venture investment!

On this day, Lü Buwei found Yingyiren who was a hostage in Zhao State, and said to him, "I can glorify the prince's court" Yingyiren should not have realized the meaning of Lü Buwei's words, so he smiled and said, "Sir, you should magnify yourself first, and then come to magnify me" Lü Buwei said with a straight face, "The son doesn't know: my court needs to rely on your court to glorify" Yingyiren realized that Lü Buwei had something to say, and hurriedly invited him to enter the secret talk. Lü Buwei said: "Now the king of Qin is old. His second son, your father, An Guojun, is the crown prince. But An Guojun has more than 20 sons. You are neither the eldest son nor the son-in-law, and your mother Xia Ji is not favored by An Guojun. In the future, the most promising person to inherit the throne of Qin after An Guojun is your eldest brother Ying Zifu. But..."Lü Buwei's next words directly affected the history of the whole of China in the future: "An Guojun's favorite concubine, Mrs. Zheng, Mrs. Huayang, has no son of her own, and she dislikes Ying Zijie very much. If you can get Lady Huayang to adopt as a son, then you will one day become the king of Qin. At that time, I will rely on you to come to the Guangmen Court" Ying Yiren, who said this, was grateful to Lü Buwei, and immediately promised, "If he can really become the king of Qin one day, please share the Qin State with the king"

So, Lü Buwei generously gave 500 gold to Yingyiren and asked him to meet guests in Handan. I spent 500 gold to buy some strange things to play with, and I personally brought them with me, and went through the Changping Battlefield where Qin and Zhao were facing each other at that time, and went to Xianyang, the capital of Qin. There are two versions of how Lü Buwei impressed Mrs. Huayang next.

In the historical records, Lü Buwei lobbied through Mrs. Huayang's sister: "Women are lustful to others, and if they are declining, they will love it, and it will not last long." Madame has no biological son to rely on, and when he falls out of favor, everything is gone. It is better to take advantage of this time to adopt an adopted son and make him an heir. In that way, the lady will be favored by Qin."

In the Warring States Policy, Lü Buwei lobbied through Mrs. Huayang's younger brother Yang Quanjun, "Now your family is in the position of a high-ranking official of the Qin State, but the son is cold. Once he succeeds to the throne, will you be able to keep your wealth and even your lives? For the sake of today's plan, the only way to do this is to choose a virtuous and filial prince to adopt him as an adopted son and promote him as an heir. He will be the heir to the throne in the future."

It doesn't matter whether Lü Buwei is Mrs. Huayang's sister or younger brother, the key is that his words deeply touched the worries hidden in the hearts of Mrs. Huayang's family, so that Mrs. Huayang had to listen to Lü Buwei's strategy... So Mrs. Huayang began to praise Yingyiren in front of the crown prince An Guojun repeatedly, and begged An Guojun to appoint Yiren as his heir with tears. In the end, An Guojun agreed, and they sent a lot of money to Yingyiren in Handan, and asked Lü Buwei to be the master of Yingyiren... Lü Buwei's first step plan was a complete success!

Then, the second step of Lü Buwei's plan left a huge mystery for future generations! Historical records: Lü Buwei found a beautiful Handan dancing girl and had a relationship with her first, so that she became pregnant. After that, he set up a family banquet, invited Ying Yiren, and asked Zhao Ji to come out to serve wine. At the banquet, the two were given the opportunity to flirt and hook up. and when Ying Yiren was about to make further moves, he pretended to be angry. forced Ying Yiren to make two vows: 1. Make Zhao Ji his wife; 2 The son born to Zhao Ji was made his heir... After that, Zhao Ji was given to Win Yiren.

This account raises a major question, that is, whether the first emperor in Chinese history, Qin Shi Huang, was the son of Ying Yiren or Lü Buwei. Mr. Guo Moruo raised three doubts about this: 1. It is only found in the "Historical Records" and not in the "Warring States Policy". This makes it easy to make people suspicious: the legend about this incident is a later generation, and there was no such legend in the era when the "Warring States Policy" was written; 2 and the story of Chu Guochun, Shenjun, Li Yuan, King Kaoli, and Nuhuan is like a stereotyped print. And after Sima Qian recounted this story at the end of the "Biography of the Spring Shenjun in the Historical Records", he immediately wrote "It is the year old, and Qin Shi Huang has been in office for nine years." Chang Yu is in chaos, and Lü Buwei is abolishing "Is Taishi Gong implying that Lü Buwei's story is derived from the story of Chun Shenjun?" 3 Even this text in the "Historical Records" contradicts itself. Some articles are called "Ying Zheng", and some articles are called "Zhao Zheng", and Sima Qian wrote clearly and clearly that "when the time is the majority, the birth of a son Zheng" means that Zhao Ji and Yingyiren were married for more than 10 months before giving birth to Qin Shi Huang. What's wrong with that?

Mr. Guo Moruo finally put forward his own interesting speculation: he believes that this story was fabricated by the Lu family in the Han Dynasty when Empress Lu was in power, modeled after the story of Chun Shenjun. Because Lü Gong, the father of Empress Lü, is likely to be a member of Lü Buwei's clan. In order to rationalize the system of the Linzhao dynasty, the Lü family recognized Qin Shi Huang as his patriarch. In this way, you can say to those children surnamed Liu: This world is the world of my Lu family, and your Liu family is still taken from my Lu family... The truth of this matter has become a permanent historical mystery. But one thing is certain: Qin Shi Huang himself firmly denied this claim (as it already existed at the time)! After he became in power, he said very sternly in his letter to Lü Buwei, "Why is Jun close to Qin? Known as the middle father"

And at this time, the front line of the Changping battlefield has undergone amazing changes! July (The dates used in this book are all lunar calendars, and you can refer to Chen Yuan's "Twenty Historical Shuo Leap Tables" to calculate the month and day of the Gregorian calendar.) In addition, the "Twenty Historical Shuo Leap Table" began in the first year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty in 206, so the date before that will still follow the day of the sexagenary branch recorded in the original history books) The prime minister of the Qin State and the Marquis Fan Sui used his daughter to buy off some people to walk in Handan City, and the rumor "Lian did not go to war for a long time because he had plans to surrender to Qin." What Qin Guo is most afraid of now is that Zhao Guoguo will replace Lian Po General with Zhao Kuo, the son of the famous general Zhao Hao, and deliberately let this rumor be heard by King Zhao Xiaocheng. As for whether Win Yiren and Lü Buwei played a role in fueling the troubles? Because there is no record in history, it is unknown...

King Zhao Xiaocheng ignored the fierce opposition of Lin Xiangru and Zhao Kuo's mother, and 'decisively' replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. The reason should be out of dissatisfaction with Lian Po's insistence on cowardice and concern about the huge logistical attrition. And after King Qin Zhaoxiang learned that the counter-plot was successful, he also 'decisively' changed his coach: replacing Wang Ji with Bai Qi, the first general in Chinese war history! And strictly ordered the army to "dare to leak Wu Anjun for the general" here has to be named for Zhao Kuozheng: the fiasco of the Battle of Changping made Zhao Kuo ridiculed by later generations as 'talking on paper' for more than 2,000 years. But have you ever thought that actual combat experience needs to be obtained and accumulated in actual wars! Zhao Kuo: Does he have this opportunity? The first battle of his life was the Battle of Changping, and it was also the last battle of his life! Where did he get his practical experience?

History is destined not to give Zhao Kuo a chance! Bai Qi successfully lured the enemy, and after feigning defeat and introducing 450,000 Zhao troops into the ambush circle of the Qin army, he sent 25,000 strange soldiers to cut off the grain route of the Zhao army and 5,000 cavalry to divide the Zhao army into two. After sending light troops to attack, Zhao Kuo was unfavorable in the battle, and he had to use the tactics of Lian Po to build a wall and wait for rescue... King Qin Zhaoxiang also realized that this was a decisive battle that would determine the future historical direction between Qin and Zhao! He personally came to Hanoi, the territory of the former Wei State, which was already part of the Qin State at this time, and gave all the local men over the age of 15 a knighthood and sent them to the Changping front. Commanded by Bai Qi, we must cut off the rescue troops and food supply that Zhao Kuo is waiting for!

Until September, the Zhao army had been without food for 46 days, and there was even a tragedy of cannibalism in the army. Zhao Kuo decided to fight to the death! The army of more than 400,000 was divided into four teams and repeatedly attacked the iron barrel of the Qin army. After Zhao Kuo became a famous general, he wanted to prove himself on the battlefield and rush to the forefront! As a result, he was shot by the Qin army! The Zhao army was defeated, and 400,000 Zhao troops surrendered to Bai Qi, the commander of the Qin army. But they never imagined that what awaited them was the most tragic scene in the history of China's war...

Bai Qi ordered: All the 400,000 Zhao soldiers will be killed! Only 240 minors were left to return to Zhao to promote the 'prestige' of the Qin army

In October, Bai Qi divided the Qin army into three: Wang Ji went west to capture Pijiao, Sima Terrier went north to capture Taiyuan, and recaptured Shangdang County in the hands of Zhao! Bai Qi himself led the main force to attack Handan, the capital of Zhao, and fought for the aftermath of Changping's victory, and destroyed the Zhao State in one fell swoop! At this time, I want to talk about the former Korean Shangdang County Shou Feng Ting. According to the "Hanshu Feng Fengshi Biography", Feng Ting was named Huayang Jun by King Zhao Xiaocheng, and died in Changping with Zhao Kuo. And half of his family stayed in Zhao and half entered Qin. Feng Tang, Feng Fengshi and others are all descendants of the Zhao branch. And the one that entered Qin: Feng Wuxue, Feng Quji, and Feng Zheng were all reused by the Qin State, and even ranked among the generals. Therefore, some conspiracy theorists believe that Feng Ting's dedication to the party to Zhao was a shocking conspiracy planned with the Qin State! I just want to use the fat of the 17 cities of the party to attract King Zhao Xiaocheng to send troops, and create an opportunity for King Qin Zhaoxiang to defeat Zhao Bing! And Feng Ting also used his death to exchange his relatives for the future development of the Qin State for the greatest insurance!

Wu Anjun Bai Qi had captured Wu'an, less than 30 kilometers west of Handan, the capital of Zhao, at this time! Just when the Zhao State was facing the difficulty of losing the country, Su Dai, the younger brother of Su Qin, the most outstanding longitudinal and horizontal family in the Warring States Period, was ordered to bring a thick coin to meet Fan Sui, the prime minister of the Qin State. With the rhetoric of "Bai Qi destroys Zhao, he will make immortal achievements, and his name will be above Fan Sui at that time". Ying Hou went to see King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and suggested that Han and Zhao should be asked to cede land and seek peace to recall the Qin army, which had also suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Changping... So the king of Qin asked Korea to give up the Yuanyong on the south bank of the Yellow River, on the border with Wei; Zhao had to sacrifice six cities.

In October, Korea donated the land of Yuanyong. And King Zhao Xiaocheng personally entered Qin to seek peace, and was once detained by the Qin State like King Chu Huai back then. After Zhao Hao's agreement, Zhao Guo would definitely cede the six cities to Qin State, and then it was released.

In January 259 BC, in the city of Handan, Yingzheng (the future Qin Shi Huang) was born... Because he was born in the first month, he was named "Zheng"

In the same month, Bai Qi had to obey the orders of the King of Qin and withdraw his troops back to China. But there is a gap with Fan Sui. At this time, in Zhao, Yu Qing successively refuted Zhao Hao and Lou's theory of cutting land and seeking peace, and strongly persuaded Zhao Xiaocheng and Wang to join forces to resist Qin. Finally, he was promised by King Zhao Xiaocheng and sent Yu Qing to see Wang Jian of Qi to transfer the six cities to Qi. So as to unite against Qin...

When the news came, King Qin Zhaoxiang was furious! Because Bai Qi is estimated to be sick by Fan Sui at this time? So in September, Wang Ling was ordered to lead his troops to attack Zhao!

In January 258 BC, because Wang Ling could not attack Handan for a long time, King Zhaoxiang of Qin increased his troops on the one hand, and at the same time wanted to let Bai Qi, who had recovered from illness, go to the battlefield again, replace Wang Ling, and establish another amazing achievement! Unexpectedly, Bai Qi directly refused, "Although Qin is better than Changping, more than half of the soldiers are dead, and the country is empty." Handan is not easy to attack, and the princes' rescue is coming. At that time, the Zhao State is inside, and the princes are outside, even if I go, the Qin army will also lose this battle" After that, Bai Qi rejected Fan Sui again, and directly claimed that "I am not well yet, I can't go" King Qin had no choice but to replace Wang Ling with Wang Ling. Fan Sui also recommended a person named Zheng Anping. Led by these two people, they continued to attack Zhao.

At this time, the plain king of Zhao State took on the important task of contacting the princes and saving the motherland! His wife was the sister of King An of Wei and King Xinling. Together, the husband and wife frequently sent letters to Daliang, asking Wei to send troops to rescue Zhao. At the same time, Pingyuan Jun prepared to go to Yingchen to see King Chu Kaolie for help. On this day, Pingyuanjun was selecting 20 diners with both civil and military skills at home and going to Chu with him. But only 19 people were selected...

At this time, a man named Mao Sui volunteered to be the 20th person. Unexpectedly, Pingyuanjun didn't know himself as a diner, "May I ask sir, I've been here for a few years" Mao Sui replied, "It's been three years" Pingyuanjun said, "Talented people are like a cone in a bag, and they can burst the bag at once and show it." But I have been under my door for three years, and I have never heard of you. It can be seen that Mr. is not capable, right? It's better to stay," said Mao Sui, "that's because you didn't put me in the bag, my lord." I'm going to put myself in my pocket today."

Pingyuanjun took Mao Sui and 20 others on the road. When he came to the state of Chu, he discussed with King Chu Kaolie from sunrise to Japan, but he could not negotiate the result. This infuriated Mao Sui who was waiting down there! He stepped up the steps according to his sword, and King Chu Kaolie, who said something, was speechless. The final decision: Chun Shenjun led the Chu soldiers to rescue Zhao! And after Pingyuan Jun returned to Zhao State, he sighed: "I don't dare to revert to the world." Mr. Mao's three-inch tongue is stronger than a million-strong teacher. but was almost missed by me in person", so Mao Sui was a guest. (A good event for pie in the sky, cool mobile phones are waiting for you!) Follow the ~ point / Chinese network public account (WeChat add friends - add public account - enter qdread can be), participate now! Everyone has a prize, now pay attention to the qdread WeChat public account! ）