Chapter 443: The Sino-Russian Treaty of St. Petersburg

[Thanks to the 500 coins reward of the 'Pegasus Meteor Cannon']

One hundred and forty-four years of Chongzhen, the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, and 1772 of the Western calendar. Pen Γ— fun Γ— Pavilion www. biquge。 ο½‰ο½Žο½†ο½

The situation in China was undergoing a crucial change, and it was at this time that a team of Manchu envoys, led by the priest of the Eastern Church Peking Mission, finally arrived in St. Petersburg after more than a year of arduous trekking.

When Hesheri Xiangheng saw the walls of St. Petersburg, tears flowed down his eyes. When he set out from Beijing, his team consisted of more than 140 people, but now there are only about 80 left. The hardships of thousands of miles and the harsh climate took the lives of more than 30 people, and the rest were left on the journey, and it is very uncertain whether they can survive it.

Father Kapushkin also drew a cross on his chest, and the journey was indeed very hard, much more difficult than when he came to Beijing.

In 1653, the Russian Tsar Alexei I sent an envoy to ask the Shunzhi Emperor to be a vassal to him; And Shunzhi asked the Russian tsar to come to Beijing to pay tribute. In 1714, the Russian Orthodox Beijing Mission began to be stationed in Beijing, taking into account diplomacy in addition to preaching.

The Manchus did not forget Tsarist Russia, a foreign country that they had been extremely wary of in the past, and if he could, Emperor Qianlong would never have sent envoys to Russia. And he also knows that Russia is now in the middle of a large-scale national war, which has been fighting for three years and is not over yet.

Qianlong was helpless, he could only ask Russia for help.

Although the missionaries who entered Beijing from Macao, although there were all monotheistic countries such as Italy, France, and Spain, Qianlong could rely on them to contact the governments of their respective countries. So only Russia!

Hesheri Xiangheng's identity was not a secret envoy, they came to St. Petersburg to ask for help, and after deducting the Russian personnel who accompanied them, there were also eighty or ninety people. As he entered his residence, he was seen by many St. Petersburg residents, and on the day he arrived in St. Petersburg, the news spread throughout the city.

"Thank you, O Father in Heaven, for your kindness in letting victory envelop Russia and keep us away from the light of blood. Let me do your will in your true light, with an enlightened heart, from this day to ever, and from time to time. Amin. ”

Father Kapushkin prayed sincerely. He was really excited, "This is God's guidance. Let's arrive in St. Petersburg at the moment of victory. May I serve you all the days of my life, Jesus Christ my Lord God, from this day to ever, and forever. Amin! Kapushkin praised God like crazy.

Xiang Heng also had an uplifting smile on his face.

"No wonder when we entered the city, the Russians looked so happy and excited, they won the ......" Deputy Envoy Niu Colu Nafu was both happy and sad at the same time. The Russians won, but Da Qingguo is in danger.

Xiangheng's eyes bloomed brightly, and when they came to Russia, they knew that Russia was fighting a national war. Under such circumstances, Xiangheng had to worry about whether Russia still had the strength to aid the Qing Dynasty. Even if the Qing Dynasty can make big concessions......

But now, his heart has fallen and he is relieved. The whole person is like eating the fruit of life, and the pores of the upper and lower parts of the body are full of comfort and comfort. "This is God's blessing, bless me Daqing." How could it be so coincidental? Russia won the war on the front foot, and they rushed to St. Petersburg on the back foot. Xiangheng was like drinking the purest wine, smoky, and his cheeks were blood-red.

"Have you heard that the Chinese have sent people to ask Her Majesty for help."

"Really?"

"Of course, the messengers are all in the city! I heard that I came with the priest of the church. Now the Empress's crown will become more brilliant and dazzling, and the glory of God will shine into the ancient Eastern Empire. ”

This is truly the guidance of the Lord. Let them arrive in St. Petersburg at this time ......" the Russians who spoke laughed. Yes, the Russians were stupid for their joy that they had won a real victory over the Ottoman Empire, unlike in the last war, where they were ultimately undefeated even with Austria as an ally.

The victory of the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean last year contributed to the outbreak of anti-Turkish Arab uprisings in Egypt in North Africa and Syria in the Middle East. Russia's victories in both land and naval battles forced the Ottoman Empire to sign an armistice with Russia in Gyurgiu, and news had just reached St. Petersburg.

"But the Chinese Tatars were really useless, and in just three or four years, they lost half of their empire. I heard that it was a land larger than half of Europe. ”

"Haha, this is the time for Russia to spread the glory of God Jesus Christ. Isn't it a great good thing that the Tatars are useless? Otherwise, how could they have worked so hard to get to St. Petersburg? Humble prostrate at the feet of the Empress? "An unusual sense of self-confidence and pride swelled in the breasts of Russians.

The victory over the Ottoman Empire has already carried quite a few Russians away. They would not have thought that this Russian-Turkish war still had a tail to settle and that the Ottomans did not really submit defeat.

And along with the Manchu envoys who arrived in St. Petersburg were the great nobleman of the Turghut tribe, Zebekdorzi, who was the cousin of the head of the Turghut tribe, Vopasi Khan, and an important leader of the Turghut tribe.

Zeberkdorji was separated from Xiangheng before he arrived in St. Petersburg, and he did not have a place to stay in St. Petersburg.

And Xiangheng didn't know that Zeberke Dorji, who had always been cold to him, really had an unspeakable hatred for the Manchu Qing in his heart. Since the accession to the throne of Worbassi, the Russian government has repeatedly recruited Turks to fight against its neighbors, so that all of them have been "suffering from conscription" and everyone is afraid. Worbasey was worried.

Prior to the Russo-Turkish War, the Turk cavalry fought the War of the Polish Succession for Russia, suppressed the Polish uprising, and a year before the Fifth Russo-Turkish War, the unbearable Worbasizhi had already begun to hatch a bold plan to return eastward. Never before had the Turghut tribe been so burdened with such a heavy tax, and all the people were destitute and destitute.

And it was only in the autumn of last year that Vaubasi himself returned from the Caucasian front.

It's just that at this time, the plan to return to the east that Wu Baxi had planned had been shelved by him early. How ridiculous it was that they thought that the mighty Manchu Empire had been beaten by the Han Chinese and had to travel all the way to St. Petersburg to ask for help from the greedy Russians, and to the disappointment of the high-ranking nobles of the Turks.

As one of the high-ranking nobles of the Turghut tribe, Zeberkdorzi accompanied Xiangheng to St. Petersburg with a small number of Turghut cavalry, in order to plead with Catherine II to reduce the military service and taxes of the Turghut tribe, and if this continued, the Turghut tribe was really a little unsustainable.

Of course, they also expected the Russian nobles to accede to Xiangheng's request and send their Turks to the East. If this is really possible, they who have returned to Xinjiang will not throw off the order of St. Petersburg at all, and at that time, Russia still has the ability to send tens of thousands of Cossack cavalry to Xinjiang? St. Petersburg is really so strong, they have long since killed Istanbul.

But the more the Turks as a whole harbored such intentions, the more they had to show their resistance to the continuation of the war, and the more they had to show their lack of interest in the Manchus.

At the age of forty-three, Catherine II, who had just reached the pinnacle of her life, received Xiangheng with very solemn etiquette. For the national gift sent by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, he was full of praise. However, in response to the Manchu request for help, Catherine II said that she would consider it carefully.

In fact, it is a kind of performance of waiting for the price to be sold.

Catherine II and the Russian princes and nobles of St. Petersburg would never let go of this great opportunity for eastward expansion. "This is the Lord of Heaven who bestows upon us the best gift."

Of course, at this time, Russia was not on the border with China in the northwest, and they had not yet swallowed the Three Tents of Kazakhstan, which had successively declared itself a vassal to the Manchus after the extermination of Dzungaria. Russia only borders China with Outer Mongolia, that is, the later Mongolia + Tangnu-Ulianghai area.

Polar bears, though greedy for land, are not interested in 'eating in the mouth', and their power does not allow them to actually rule Outer Mongolia. For the creation of Yellow Russia, the current polar bears clearly do not have such a big appetite. Therefore, they were more interested in the northeast of the Manchu Qing Dynasty than in Outer Mongolia.

Those barren places in the outer northeast, which are extremely bitter and cold in the eyes of countless Chinese, are rare and good places in the eyes of Lao Maozi.

"The land of the ancestors was lost at the hands of you and me, and the Huanghuang Qing Dynasty has also reached the point of learning from Shi Jingjiao's father and taking it as a help, sad, lamentable!" is similar to the "Aihui Treaty" in the history of the original time and space, and Lao Maozi's appetite is not small. Relying on the paper treaty of "Sino-Russian St. Petersburg", the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which ceded the barren land of the outer northeast, was promised 100,000 flintlock muskets, 300 artillery pieces, and 30,000 reinforcements. Originally, Xiang Heng asked for a batch of silver, but the distance was too far, and the Russians doubled the 50,000 flintlock muskets they had negotiated at the beginning, and the 200 cannons became 300, and the first batch of 10,000 flintlock muskets that followed them back was also changed to 20,000, and then 50 artillery pieces, and 10,000 cavalry.

After the 10,000 cavalry arrived in China, the Manchus were naturally responsible for the supply of military salaries. If Russia were to be in charge of supplying military supplies, they would not be able to do that.

The 10,000 cavalry included 3,000 Turkut cavalry, 2,000 Siberian Tatar cavalry [Buryats], and 1,000 Belga-Lake Cossacks, the latter of which were the most elite of the entire Cossacks and the most loyal to the Russian Empire. The vast, fertile Baikal steppes allowed the Cossacks there to live a rich and free life. Another 4,000 were made up of regular Russian cavalry, Poles, serfs, and Cossacks gathered along the Ural and Don rivers.

Polar bears are smart, and they know that if they want to bite more flesh out of a declining empire that is still a long way from them, they must have a good 'friendship' with them. At the same time, try to maintain the existence of the declining empire, because sooner or later their footsteps will come to the side of the declining empire. If the fat meat at that time becomes an emerging power, it will be a tragedy.

And judging from the information they have now, the Han kingdom that arose in southern China was obviously a country with very strong military force. "The rebels have mastered a new method of cannon casting that can forge hundreds of cannons in a very short time."

"Those cannons can't go farther and more powerful than the guns made in Europe, but they are no worse than the guns made in Europe." Father Kapushkin reported to his esteemed Catherine II.

"Does this magical cannon casting method really exist?"

"Your Majesty, I can swear to the gods of heaven that I am absolutely not lying. God Jesus Christ testifies to my truthfulness. ”

"In a key battle in China, the rebels threw 500 artillery pieces into the fight at one time. Then the rebels annihilated the 100,000 main army of the Qing Empire in one fell swoop. An absolutely powerful foundation was laid for them to seize South China. ”

"The Han kingdom that arose in southern China was not a docile grazing sheep, but a man-eating tiger."

"I don't know if the noble ministers and nobles present have carefully watched the guards accompanying the Qing Empire mission. They were not inferior to the Janissaries in St. Petersburg. And with an army like theirs, the Han Kingdom had at least two hundred thousand. ”

Such a short meeting, Xiangheng, they didn't know at all. At this moment, Xiangheng and Nafu are completely immersed in the sorrow that they can't extricate themselves, in their opinion, this is to sell the land of their ancestors and ask for help from the despised Yangyi, which is no different from Shi Jingjiao.

"Break the whale sea to save the burning, why not escape; Drink syrup to quench your thirst, and eventually die. The sentence describing Shi Jingjiao in "The History of the Old Five Dynasties" came to the hearts of the two adults at the same time, and what is even more sad is that they had to do so. The two people who squatted in the residence hugged the wine bottle and cried bitterly.

"Those two useless things, they only cry except crying." It was incomprehensible to Tsebekdorzi how the two people who were so miserable after signing the treaty could be so happy when they signed it.

Isn't the negotiation to be discussed? Isn't it important to be careful to test your opponent's hole cards and show your muscles at the same time? Except for agreeing to the Russians' terms, and then insisting on arms and reinforcements, the rest is completely left to the Russians to delineate, which is really a good negotiator. The Russians will be happy silly. "Coward, coward." If these two men were his own men, Zebekdorji would have slashed them to death.

The entire negotiation took less than 10 days.

Zeberkdorzi sighed to the moon, there was no way, the Russians did not agree to his request on the surface. Instead, he sent 3,000 men to the east.

"Taiji, that's fine. At least we can take the opportunity to get a better understanding of the situation in the East. ”

"That's all there is to it." Zeberkdorji sighed.

The Russians, who had just ended the Russo-Turkish war, stretched out their claws to Poland again. They were working with Prussia and Austria to carve up Poland completely. The Polish king, StanisΕ‚aw August Poniatowski, who had previously been supported by Russia, was seen as a very weak but assertive man. His performance in the war of the Bal League greatly displeased Russia [the Bal League can be seen as an uprising of the Polish nobility]. Russia believes that the role of Poland as its protectorate no longer exists.

At the same time, the interests of Austria, which was an ally of Russia, were threatened to a certain extent after Russia's victory over the Ottoman Empire. If Chen Ming looked at the map of Europe at this time, he would be able to point his hand to the location of Romania in later generations, the current principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, and the analysis of Russia and Austria here. It can even be said that this is the looming appearance of the Balkan contradictions in the future.

And in Prussia, which had been greatly weakened by the Seven Years' War, Frederick II also wanted to keep the declining Ottoman Empire and turn Russia's attention from the Caucasus back to Eastern Europe, so that he could draw the Ottomans to his side in Prussia's war with Russia (or with Austria).

Time entered the late 18th century of the Western calendar, and the religious contradictions of hundreds of years ago had already given way to national interests.

The three countries all have contradictions with each other, but none of the three countries dare to make a big fight, and they do not even dare to stiffen their relations with each other.

Tseborkdorji was not a reckless man who could only fight and herd. He could see the intentions of the three countries to divide Poland and the deal behind it, although he knew nothing about the series of secret treaties behind the scenes of Russia, Prussia and Austria. But since the bright side, many things have been analyzed.

On the way to St. Petersburg, Zeberk Dorji did not fail to reveal relevant information to Xiangheng and Nafu, even if he spoke coldly. But now, it is clear that the two scraps did not take the news of his investment to heart or connect it with the Russia in front of them.

"Stupid stupid. Emperor Qianlong, who sent such a person as an envoy, must have been a stupid emperor. It is no wonder that the Han people revolted and seized half of China in just a few years...... "Tun Lo Bu Lash Khan, who lost the 21st year of Qianlong, also sent an envoy to blow Zabu, pretending to go to Russia, which lasted three years, arrived in Beijing, and presented tribute, square objects, bows and quivers to the Qianlong Emperor.

……

However, everyone has their own interests and their own considerations. The Europeans regarded Manchu Qing as a piece of fat without bones, but if anyone asked Xiangheng and Nafu directly about such a question, these two Manchu masters would definitely look at each other with contempt, and the words 'fool' were slowly in those eyes.

The outer northeast is the land of ancestors, and it is just a deserted and bitter land. For the current Manchu Qing Dynasty, none of the ten outer northeasts is important in the Central Plains.

Only by guarding Henan, northern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu can everything have a future.

Otherwise, with the current offensive of Chen Han, they will be in Shandong for a while, southern Liaoning for a while, as well as the northeast and southwest, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty is now in chaos in the northwest, how can they parry?

"How can we delay this eventful autumn and the moment of survival?" In the Tsar's palace, Nafo threw up his sleeves and left, leaving behind him a pluice of anger and a blue face. "It's better to get back the aid of a gun sooner than to thin ten lips in St. Petersburg." Brainless, unbearable. Nafo thought to himself.

On the third floor of a distant building, in front of the windowsill, Catherine II's court advisor Ivan Chernyshov put away his goggles and looked approvingly at Kapushkin, "Now I believe that the Turks are loyal to the Empire. "It's uncertain whether the Turks are loyal to Russia, but at least they don't have anything to do with the Qing Empire. This is evidenced by the apparently bad relations between Zebok Dorji and the Qing envoys.

And that's enough!

……

By the time the Manchu mission left St. Petersburg, it was already May. (To be continued.) )