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A dozen people who came back late were explaining.

"Our horse was bitten ......"

Jian Chen waved his hand directly and said: "There is no need to explain, this is my private matter, and I don't follow military law." Where did you find this black stone? ”

"There's a mountain in the west of Ohno Jersey, right next to the river, and there's a lot of it in the river. We thought it was weird, and we heard you talk about this charcoal-like stone, so we brought it back. ”

Chen Jian excitedly knocked on the boat board and said, "Is there by the river?" How wide is that river? How deep is the water? Is it turbulent? ”

"Forty paces wide, not turbulent, able to walk a small boat."

"Good! All right! ”

Haha's laughter was louder than the sound of the waves, Chen Jian stood up, poured out the wicker basket again, kicked away a heavy piece of dog's head gold, and instead felt a slightly reddish stone, and slashed it hard with a copper sword, leaving a cherry-like powder like blood.

"Who found this stone?"

"Me. At the top of a hill, there were a lot of stones, like a mountain with a fur hat, and there were no trees washed away by the rain nearby. Don't you say that this thing is like the emerald stone of our copper mountain, what is it called? I spent an extra day there, and there were a lot of these stones around. ”

Chen Jian held a few stones and said with a smile: "You are lucky, those land slaves in Xia City are all yours, and this is the kind of stone I am looking for." Do you remember where it was? ”

"Yes. Both places are easy to find, just up the river. ”

After getting an affirmative answer, Jian Chen picked up the piece of dog's head gold, laughed twice, and handed it to a few people jokingly: "This will be given to you, and those lands will not be given to you." ”

A few people also knew that they were joking, shook their heads and said: "Don't do it, this thing is soft, I'm afraid it won't work as a hoe, and even less so killing people, but it's very heavy." This thing doesn't change color at all in the water, unlike copper, which turns green over time. I think this thing can be used to make scales and weights. ”

Chen Jian gladly accepted the proposal of the tyrannical object, this thing is really good for standard weights and measures, it will not be oxidized and will not change with the change of time, it is the best material for weighing weights and measures.

He threw the gold into the cabin, and played with the stones, black and red, with ecstasy in his eyes.

The black is coal, the red is hematite, the cherry pink scratches are not wrong, and it is a natural outcrop seedling, and if you are lucky, it may be a rich mine.

These two places are very close to the river, easy to transport, and basically open-pit mines, so there is no need to think about any pollution protection and the like.

With the ore, it is not difficult to make iron, but it is difficult to make steel. Whether it is steel or iron, it is actually an iron-carbon alloy.

Iron with high carbon content is called pig iron, lower carbon content is called steel, and lower than steel is wrought iron.

Pig iron is brittle and hard, wrought iron is soft and tough, and steel takes the golden mean, which is both hard and tough.

Human beings have learned to use iron, and the ultimate pursuit has always been steelmaking, but it was not until the era of the Second Industrial Revolution that steel could be produced on a large scale at one time.

Jian Chen also knew that he was two pounds, so he didn't plan to get out the steel at all, and it was possible to smash the slaves out at any cost, but he thought that it was meaningless except to take it out and pretend to be forced, and what could not be mass-produced in the era was rubbish, and the bronze sword was enough.

There are two primitive iron-making methods, one is the sponge iron with a lot of impurities smelted under low temperature conditions, which is a kind of wrought iron, mixed with iron ore and stone slag, but it is soft and smashable, and the ore slag inside is smashed out after thousands of hammers.

The other is to directly smelt pig iron with high carbon content with the support of bronze furnace technology. The carbon in pig iron exists in the form of iron carbide, and the highest pursuit of pig iron is to condense the carbon in the form of graphite rather than in the form of iron carbide, and the aggregation of graphite requires silicon as a guide, and the more free silicon in the iron iron water the higher the temperature, the easier it is to guide the carbon to grow into graphite.

At current levels, it certainly can't reach that high temperatures. So this kind of pig iron is very brittle, let's put it this way, at the current level of Xia Cheng, maybe the first furnace of iron made will be made into an iron rod, and the strength may be able to break it.

And this kind of iron is similar to bronze, it can't be forged, it can only be cast, otherwise you can easily make a horseshoe, and the end of a hammer is likely to be broken.

As for the meteorite iron that Chen Jian got before, except for the factor of natural nickel alloy, it is basically a kind of wrought iron, so it can be smashed into shapes with a clang.

In place of bronze weapons, it was not iron, but steel. Pig iron and wrought iron are not good. The former is hard and brittle, and may not be able to fight with bronze swords; The latter is soft and tough, and if you bend it for a while, you may have to step on it straight.

Theoretically, pig iron carbon removal and wrought iron carbon addition can be turned into steel, but without strict instruments, the minimum unit of weights and measures is still a catty, pig iron carbon removal is not realistic, and it will become mature iron if it is removed.

Wrought iron carburization, feasible, tempered and forged, constantly let the carbon infiltrate into the wrought iron, and finally form a layer of carburized steel outside, which can be used to make a sword, but a slave can almost smash out a half-year smash, meaningless.

It seems that even if he finds iron, it will be useless, but Chen Jian is still excited, because in this world, in addition to swords, there are pots and pans, ploughshares, hoes, hoes, planers, saws, hammers and chisels, which are the things that drive the course of history.

The poor performance of bronze agricultural tools, coupled with the fact that bronze was still the main source of weapons in this era, and the large-scale demand for the rest of the cities, the supply and demand determined the high price of bronze.

Therefore, the slave owners of Xia Cheng would not use bronze on a large scale—there was money in exchange for bronze, and more slaves and stone tools could be bought, and the benefits would be greater—and the Xia City government was not rich enough to issue a bronze tool to each slave.

The same bronze spear, if you can make Xia Cheng Yucheng an average of 30 catties of iron per person within ten years, it can still hang any clan - the average productivity of each person has increased, and it can also raise more off-duty population and professional soldiers, the same 20,000 people, but the mobilization ability is completely different.

The ignition grenade, cast with pig iron as the shell, would be the biggest guest star of the dense spear phalanx that would inevitably appear in the various Chengyi clans in order to fight against the chariots and shock cavalry of Xia City.

With the simplest mass production considerations, Chen Jian has decided to adopt the second method, that is, the blast furnace smelting pig iron method.

One is that the technology of blowers, carpenters' craft bellows, windmills or waterwheels can ensure that this method has a very high pig iron output and low cost.

The second is that the casting technology is supported by bronze technology, which has developed to a certain extent, and the proficiency of the craftsman can be mastered, and the mold-making workshop in Xiacheng can also be supported, and there is no need to train a bunch of blacksmiths who can strike iron first.

The third is that there is a method of frying steel in the wisdom left by the ancestors in the previous life, although in fact, the gold pasted by the family is basically wrought iron, but the technology is simple: simply put, after the pig iron is melted, in an aerobic environment, stir and stir the molten pig iron like stir-frying, so that the carbon and oxygen in it are in contact, and the combustion at high temperature becomes carbon dioxide and flies out to remove the carbon inside. Even if it is not steel, raw wrought iron can be produced on a large scale, at least next year, a handful of iron sickles and fish intestines can be issued.

Taking out Onozawa Yucheng, who had already written and painted a lot of plans and future prototypes, Chen Jian took out a brush and first drew a cross on the two words pottery kiln, which means canceling this workshop.

Since there is an iron ore mine, and the pottery in Xiacheng is not too competitive, and the profit is small, it is directly canceled, and the freed manpower resources are transferred to the new iron furnace, and the required pottery is purchased from Sucheng.

At the same time, give up the pottery industry in Xiacheng, liberalize the domestic sales policy and import control of pottery products, originally under the impact of Echeng black pottery has been half dead, if it were not for the control measures of the state-owned Fang City system, it would have been over, Eyue has been quite complaining about this, and also took this opportunity to sell a good.

All the manpower of the pottery industry in Xiacheng was mobilized to Yucheng, including family members, women and children, and solved it together.

Giving up the sericulture industry that red fish easily stole to get, all the silk and silk threads were imported from Echeng, this industry was too fine and labor-intensive, and Xia Cheng couldn't afford to play.

Under the premise of ensuring the bronze weapons of Xiacheng, all bronze was melted and cast into pieces and transported along the river for export, and the excess part was exchanged for pottery and female slaves, balancing the ratio of men and women in Onozawa, and preparing for nightlife and the inevitable emergence of government-run public wife shops. The mold and agricultural tool production departments were all mobilized to Yucheng to improve the casting mold.

Of the 3,000 slaves in the previously negotiated large deal, 1,000 female slaves were left, and the remaining 2,000 were all sent back to Xiacheng to enrich the population and ensure the agricultural production and mining slaves in Xiacheng, as a reward to stabilize the hearts of the people in Xiacheng, and at the same time liberate some of the public slaves who had worked in Xiacheng for more than three years, and ransom some private slaves to enrich the basic market.

Gunpowder workshops and woodworking workshops need to increase manpower, and if open-pit mining does not consider the subsequent development, explosive is the easiest way, and the use of gunpowder will inevitably increase. The simple shipmaking industry of the carpentry workshop also needs to increase the manpower for transportation to and fro.

The logging department can remove a lot of manpower because of the coal mines, and most of the timber used for fuel can be saved -- Yucheng will refuse to use small-scale production for at least five years, and all the food, sleep, etc., will be uniformly allocated, so there will be no need for private people to prepare firewood, saving time.

Timber for construction and utensils can be imported from the upstream towns and transported downstream in the form of rows. The potash and large quantities of crushed cinder produced by the nitrification digester can be used to make honeycomb coal to replace the usual fuel.

On the premise of ensuring smooth production in the first year, a large number of iron farm tools and cattle in exchange for the first year can increase the production level of the village farms, and in the second year, some people are selected from the village farms to enrich the iron smelting department, and at the same time, the plan to grow hemp in a large area of the village farms is canceled, and the manpower is freed up to import linen cloth only for the dyeing industry, and dye crops such as indigo and gallnut are planted instead.

In total, about 2,000 people can be freed up for iron-smelting, first with charcoal smelting, and at the same time, a part of the charcoal-burning skilled workers will be assigned to try the local method of coking, and once the iron-smelting furnace is successful, the temperature of the iron-smelting furnace can be further increased.

As for the location of the iron-smelting furnace and coking kiln, it is in the southwest corner of the headland island. There is a small river with a very large drop, which can be used as a source of water for future hydroelectric blowers and power and coking water. And because the southwest corner is downwind all year round, the wind will not blow into the city, and the smoke and dust of the soil coking are too large, and there are too many things such as sulfur, phosphorus, and arsenic. (To be continued.) )