Chapter 631: Zhang Juzheng's Reform

This matter is not simple, except for the possible temptation from Zhu Changluo.

Simply talking about the consequences of overturning the case for Zhang Juzheng is also the most difficult reason for the bigwigs present.

The difficulty is second, Zhang Juzheng is the former first assistant, and he is the former first assistant who is determined to reform, and the meaning he represents is not just a deceased old minister.

More importantly, the three major reforms that have been abolished after his death have caused countless voices of opposition in the Ming Dynasty!

When Zhang Juzheng's reforms were mentioned in later generations, the most famous was Zhang Juzheng's whip law for the economy!

In fact, a whip law is the core content of Zhang Juzheng's reform, but it is not the whole content of his reform, Zhang Juzheng's reform is a set of systematic institutional reforms for the whole country.

Mainly, it focuses on the three major aspects of governance, economy, and military.

The implementation of the examination method in the administration of officials, mainly aimed at the Ming Dynasty officials redundant, low efficiency of the problem, the Yamen at all levels to adopt a time-limited system, up to the cabinet, down to the government and county government, the handling of government affairs all adopt a time-limited system, within the specified time limit, if the officials can not smoothly complete the administrative affairs, they will face the punishment of fines and fines, serious cases will even endanger the official position, in order to eradicate the slow efficiency of the Yamen, improve the speed of official processing.

Because the high arch had fallen at that time, the monarch was young, and Zhang Juzheng had a good relationship with Feng Bao, the eunuch who was the master of ceremonies at the time, and it was almost a monopoly of power.

In order to implement the law and eliminate the rule of officials, Zhang Juzheng greatly increased the authority of the cabinet, and forced the six ministries and procuratorates that were not subordinate to the cabinet to report to the cabinet on a regular basis on the handling of government affairs, which also attracted the impeachment and dissatisfaction of countless people.

Of course, even though the examination method has been criticized, it has improved the efficiency of government affairs.

Countless bureaucrats who had been on a diet have stepped down, and a group of doers have been promoted by Zhang Juzheng to become strong supporters of his reforms.

At the same time, Zhang Juzheng, who was strong at home, adopted a moderate strategy in foreign relations.

For the Tatars, a strong enemy of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng on the one hand named Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang to guard the frontier and build enemy Taiwan to defend against other places, on the other hand, he opened up the mutual market, and even took important strategic materials such as tea, horses, salt and iron as part of the transaction, and obtained a temporary peace with the Tatars.

In view of the Japanese people in the southeast coast, Zhang Juzheng set up a village in sections, strengthened the examination of merchants entering and leaving the country, and severely cracked down on the Japanese pirates, which made the Japanese invaders light for a long time.

It should be said that Zhang Juzheng's move can be called bold and radical.

Almost all of these strategic policies at the national level were formulated by him himself, but anyone who dared to resist his reforms was suppressed by him by force.

The so-called arbitrariness and stealing the power of the master was born from this!

However, so many reform contents are actually just Zhang Juzheng's preparations for his real reform, whether it is the examination of the law, or the opening of the tea and horse market, although there are huge benefits, but there are also huge drawbacks, can not be used as a long-term reform content.

The reason why Zhang Juzheng did this was to create an environment for his real reform in the shortest possible time.

A whip!

Zhang Juzheng knows that the root of all the problems of the Ming Dynasty lies in the enslavement system, the financial crisis and land annexation!

The financial system set by Emperor Taizu was only suitable for the early years of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and it was not suitable for today's Ming society, and if the imperial court adhered to the so-called ancestral system, it would only eventually perish.

Therefore, he understands that only by reforming the financial system can Daming be rejuvenated.

And the difficulty of reform, no one knows better than him, the former Song Dynasty's Qingli New Deal, Wang Anshi's reform, the reason why they failed, is because they only pay attention to the reform itself, but ignore the environment of reform.

To reform, what is first needed is a stable reform environment, so the first step of Zhang Juzheng's reform is to obtain the absolute right to speak in the imperial court, so that domestic politics is in a temporary stable structure.

At the same time, although the tea and horse exchange market on the border sacrificed some national interests, it also ensured the temporary tranquility of the border.

At least when he implemented reforms at home, the Ming would not suddenly break out into war with the Tatars.

Regardless of whether these policies he carried out were reasonable or not, under the circumstances at that time, Zhang Juzheng did have the ability to do this.

The next step is to build a team of bureaucrats who can carry out his intentions thoroughly.

This is the reason why Zhang Juzheng called the party is the same and different.

What he needs is a bureaucracy that he can fully trust and that can fully implement his reform policy.

Therefore, all the voices that were at odds with him and opposed to his reforms were all forcefully suppressed, and they were replaced by Zhang Juzheng's confidants and cronies.

And the core of so much preparation is for the final implementation of a whip law.

After achieving a stable reform environment through various means, either approved or unrecognized, Zhang Juzheng's first thing was to take aim at land annexation.

He spent a whole year clearing the land of the whole country and unearthing countless gentry who had hidden the land.

Compared with before the Qing Dynasty, the amount of land registered in the household account book has nearly doubled, which shows that local land annexation is rampant!

Later, a whip law was implemented throughout the country, abolishing all taxes and labor stipulated by the imperial court, no longer distinguishing between various categories such as labor and miscellaneous taxes, and integrating them into one tax for collection, replacing various forms of taxes such as cloth and grain with silver.

The method of calculating taxes was also determined by the number of fields owned by the people and the number of adult households.

As a result of this policy, the countless gray incomes of the magistrates were completely eliminated, and in their place, the heavy burden on the common people was greatly reduced, and the silver taels that should have gone into the pockets of the magistrates were all turned into silver deposits in the treasury.

In just a few years, Zhang Juzheng's reform has brought fruitful results, and the treasury of silver has become more and more abundant, which is not only enough to support the operation of the huge imperial court machinery, but also has the spare power to invest a large amount of silver into the water conservancy to develop and maintain the Cao Yun, which once made the Cao Yun of the Ming Dynasty glow with new vitality.

It's a pity that ......

After all, the time left for Zhang Juzheng is too short!

He is the head of the cabinet, but not the emperor!

Monopoly on power was good, but it didn't last long, especially in the short years he was in power, his father died unexpectedly, and a counterattack broke out from those who opposed the reformers.

Zhang Juzheng invested a lot of time and energy in order to cope with this change of love, and although he finally won the victory, it greatly involved his pace of reform.

And when he dealt with everyone clearly, he found that he was not facing a powerful bureaucracy, but the real ruler of the country that he had single-handedly taught!

And the means of his reform were destined to be unacceptable to the emperor.

At the same time, Zhang Juzheng is also an old man of nearly sixty years old, his reform has not yet been completed, but his life has come to an end......

ps: I didn't want to write so much, but Zhang Gong's life was magnificent, and I couldn't stop it as soon as I wrote it......