There are about four ways to keep the temperature of the furnace sufficient. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

More scientific blast furnace, more powerful blower, perfect coke, preheating of blast air.

A more scientific blast furnace has to wait for later generations, and it will take half a year to succeed in coke refining.

The limit of the high-power blower is estimated to be like that before the emergence of thermodynamics, although it can be made into a larger waterwheel, but the material is not up to par, the tension and pressure may be broken and damaged, and it is too difficult to build rolling bearings by hand, and it is not realistic to say whether there is iron.

The only thing that can be improved is the preheating chamber.

Let the air blown into the blast furnace by the blower heat up in advance to ensure that the air entering is not at room temperature, which is a more feasible method at this stage.

This method is also feasible in the indigenous way, similar to the fireplace in today's houses.

That is, two rooms are built, and refractory bricks with gaps are piled up in them, and the refractory bricks are baked hot.

Half an hour later, after making sure that the bricks in one room were hot enough, they reheated the bricks in another room.

The green bricks in the previous room heated the air in the room in advance within half an hour, at least to make the temperature in the room reach about 200 degrees, and the blower blew the preheated air into the smelting furnace.

Although the temperature is not high, although it is only 200 degrees, which is far worse than the 1,500 degrees required by the smelting furnace, it is more difficult to achieve the desired effect than Wendy, which is 20 or 30 degrees Celsius or even below zero at room temperature.

The cost is not a problem for Chen Jian to consider for the time being, he only wants the first batch of iron, so he does not have to think about the design of the smelting furnace exhaust gas recovery heat energy preheating, he is afraid that the carbon monoxide in it will cause an explosion.

After estimating, the heat that each piece can hold is calculated, and the air quality that the blower can drum in half an hour is calculated, and the volume of the entire preheating chamber does not need to be too large.

Following the experience of building the walls of a fireplace, the clay bricks were lined up in the preheating chamber, and a fire pit was dug underneath to heat up.

After stacking, the coal is burned internally to sinter the clay inside to seal, and the preheating chamber is broken due to thermal expansion and contraction, Chen Jian asked people to use a chisel to carve some traces on the ground, just like the division of the cement road at intervals in the previous life, and he didn't know if it would work, and he couldn't think of any other way.

There are three sets of six rooms in the preheating room, two of which are used on weekdays and one for special situations. It is impossible to stop the smelting furnace, once the slag molten iron is stopped and condensed in it, the whole furnace is considered to be wasted.

The smelting furnace was also built at the same time, and the ground had been dried before, so there was no need to worry about water seepage. He has experience in building bronze furnaces, and the iron-smelting furnaces are taller, bigger and thicker, and Chen Jian has basically drawn the drawings, but it is the level of rural soil law.

After various drills some time ago, the Planning and Statistics Department has basically been able to deal with the cooperation between various workshops, and also has some ways to deal with the resistance at the bottom, so Chen Jian can be regarded as able to concentrate on the smelting department.

Because there are too many things to be busy with on the side of the smelting department.

In addition to the establishment of smelting furnaces, it is also necessary to build various supporting facilities.

It is impossible for the pig iron to be stirred outside after the iron liquid flows out, and there is still a lot of slag inside, and the iron slag is not separated after stirring.

The second is that as the carbon in the stirred pig iron gradually decreases, the melting point of the carbon-iron alloy will increase more and more, and the pig iron will melt at the same temperature, but the wrought iron will condense.

Therefore, it was necessary to build an iron oven divided into two chambers. One room is heated by a fire, and the other room is filled with smelted pig iron, which is remelted and then fried.

This is in order to obtain wrought iron that can be forged and hammered, and this furnace must be built.

In addition to the iron furnace, an annealing furnace should be built.

Before the coke was fired by the soil method, the temperature of the iron smelting furnace could never reach 156, and there was no way to make the silica react with the iron carbide to form free silicon in liquid iron. The carbon in pig iron can only be found in the form of iron carbide, not graphite, which can only be cast and not forged with a hammer.

That is to say, even if it is to make agricultural tools, this kind of iron is disposable, and it is impossible for a village blacksmith to smash a blade with a hammer or a blade to mend a ploughshare, and can only be re-tempered, which is similar to bronze, and has no practical meaning.

If you want to make the iron carbide in it dialysis into graphite, you must put these iron tools at a temperature of seven or eight hundred degrees after melting and casting various utensils, and continue to heat and stuff for about ten years, so as to turn the malleable cast iron into malleable cast iron and increase the toughness, which can be regarded as a truly practical iron.

Therefore, it is necessary to build a special annealing stove according to the technology of the pottery kiln, which does not need to be too troublesome, the high temperature of seven or eight hundred degrees is still easy to achieve, and the space can be relatively larger, as long as the casting of the iron-smelting furnace can be installed within ten days at a time.

When all three furnaces are completed, the theoretical iron-smelting system will be completed.

But iron smelting still needs to be cast, which requires molds. There are basically only two types of casting molds in Xia Cheng: lost wax and clay molds.

The disadvantage of these two methods is that they are too slow, and the molds are all disposable, so for large-scale production, Chen Jian is ready to directly apply the iron model.

It is to use iron as a mold, and after the iron liquid is poured into the iron mold, because the thermal conductivity of the iron is very good, the skin of the molten iron will immediately condense into a film after being poured into the iron mold, just like ...... A balloon filled with water, or a shelled raw egg.

As the molten iron cools inside, the casting shrinks, and eventually there is actually an extremely thin gap between the casting and the mold, so there is no need to worry about the casting sticking to the mold.

However, after the first batch of iron is produced, the first batch of cast iron ploughshares is still needed as the basis of the clay mold.

Then use the molded cast iron ploughshare and mud to make a mud mold that fits the cast iron ploughshare perfectly, which is divided into two layers, and these two layers of mud mold are called upper and lower fan.

To find a way to turn the upper and lower fan into iron, you also need a mold that can make the upper and lower fan. If you want to get one, you need to use a mold like two, but if the mold like two is clay at the beginning, you need to use two as an imaginary casting to make three molds, and finally melt and cast two into iron, which is considered to be the final completion.

The steps are very complicated, and the way of thinking has gone around in a circle, and the previous clay mold method or lost wax method has to think about one more step, but it is not very difficult to operate, sometimes it is a one-point thing.

The castings as samples had to be fine, so the clay molds for the first samples were all made by the lost-wax method to be as perfect as possible, and even a simple ploughshare required many different types.

The land near Xiacheng is harder, and the land on both sides of the river is softer, so these two ploughshares cannot be the same.

At the same time, a fender is also needed on the ploughshare, and the soil from the ploughshare is divided into the two sides of the ditch, which used to be wood, but now it can also be made of iron.

Hoes, pickaxes, knives for cutting branches, brick knives, woodcutters, mortise and tenon chisels, all of which can be cast directly from pig iron. However, sickles, saws, scissors, etc., it is best to use wrought iron to beat, and then burn the pig iron bar to a semi-melted state after beating, and rub it on the cutting edge.

Of course, in addition to these farm tools, there are cast iron shell pig iron ignition grenades, and there are also special mold groups in the production, the effect should be similar to the border area in the previous life, but the border area is at least fire, here you can only play ignition, copper wire and glass powder are too expensive, and the internal structure is too fine.

Gunpowder granulation is also in the plan for next year, and as a close-range projectile, the weight can be appropriately increased, and the cast iron fragmentation groove is reserved in advance, and the power should be okay. The combination of field battles and chariots should work wonders, and defending the city is a sharp weapon.

It seems that there are a lot of people in the smelting department, but it will be enough to subdivide the people into each department. The smelting division still adopts the method of division of labor and cooperation, and everyone only needs to do one thing.

However, Chen Jian still selected 30 old Chinese technicians and set up a special fine iron-striking department that seemed useless for the time being, which was under his own jurisdiction and did not participate in the division of labor. The clansmen would not object to such a trivial matter, but they did not know what these people did, and Jian Chen called this small department "Bud". (To be continued.) )