A concession is a legal place of residence (nationalization of land) established on the territory of one of the countries for the other country with administrative autonomy and extraterritorial jurisdiction (consular jurisdiction) after two countries have agreed on a lease or charter of a concession, in other words, a concession is a country within a state. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Beginning with November 15, 1845, when Britain established the first concession in modern history in Shencheng, China, various countries have set up concessions in China, but most of the concessions are located in port cities.

By April 1888, Britain and France were mainly in China sharing nine concessions, and the nine concessions were mainly established in Tianjin, Shencheng and other places.

The prosperous economic development of the concession attracted a considerable number of the upper Chinese class to settle and consume there, and Shencheng was called the "Ten Mile Ocean Field" by the people of the time because of its prosperous concession, and soon became synonymous with the concessions throughout China.

In modern times, the concession has always been the most striking place in the sluggish development of Chinese cities, because the concession is not controlled by Chinese law, a large number of things that do not conform to the traditional thinking of the Chinese, such as tobacco houses and women's branches, can be seen everywhere in the concession, especially crows. In the eyes of many Chinese at that time, the concession allowed this kind of cancer that destroyed the consciousness of the Chinese to appear openly in the concession, which was the best portrayal of foreigners' contempt and hostility towards China, so there were occasional outbreaks of conflict outside the door of the concession tobacco house.

After the signing of the Treaty of Yanjing in 1860, which allowed Chinese to work abroad, there were a large number of incidents in which foreigners brought Chinese abroad to do hard labor through concessions through illegal means.

When looking for Chinese workers to go abroad, Guangdong, Fujian and even foreigners used force to force Chinese to sign contracts to go abroad, resulting in a period of silence about Chinese workers going abroad. Bo Jia, a former U.S. minister to China, once pointed out: "The coolie trade [in China] was exactly the same as the slave trade. With the phenomenon of Chinese workers going abroad, the contempt for these workers was born: "piglets".

However, the commercial activities in the Chinese concessions also played a great role in stimulating the economic development of the treaty port cities, stimulating the emergence of Chinese national capitalism, spreading modern democracy, science and culture, and providing religious beliefs and political propaganda.

But in any case, there should be no such thing as a concession on Chinese soil, let alone allow foreigners to station troops on Chinese soil.

The Manchu Dynasty had been overthrown by the Han Kingdom, and according to Yan Xueyi's plan, it was better not to go to war with foreigners in a short period of time, so the order issued by Yan Xueyi at that time was to temporarily surround the concession and not take any action against it without resistance.

However, in August, the allied forces of Britain, France, Russia, and the Four Kingdoms of Yuben went to war against the Han Kingdom, and Yan Xueyi also officially issued an order to the cabinet to ban the concessions located in various places and expel the envoys of the British, French, Russian, and Yuben countries.

After the Han army captured the city with the concession, they would send troops to surround the concession, and then the Han army withdrew, and the armed forces surrounding the concession were replaced by armed police, and no one was allowed to enter the concession area, including the embassy area of Yanjing, Dongjiaomin Lane, and only the envoys of Britain, France, Russia, and Yueben in Dongjiaomin Lane did not measure their own strength, and actually wanted to gather troops to attack the Han army's encirclement, and were finally defeated by the Han army, and all the personnel in the embassies of the four countries were captured.

After Yan Xueyi issued the order, the cabinet quickly arranged for the police department to ban all the concessions in the country, but before carrying out the compulsory armed ban, a written notice was issued to each concession, "hoping that the foreign personnel in the concessions could lay down their arms and settle the matter peacefully", of course, all the concessions refused.

There was an exception, the remaining German embassies, Austria-Hungary embassies, Italian embassies, and other embassies in Dongjiaomin Lane, Yandong, under the leadership of Ambassador Henry of Germany, actually agreed to hand over their weapons and moved to the newly established embassy area of the Han Kingdom, and the area of each embassy in the newly established embassy area was much smaller than that in Dongjiaomin Lane.

"It seems that the Germans want to cooperate with us." Yan Xueyi commented on this matter, the enemy of the enemy is a friend.

The concessions in other regions refused to settle the concession issue peacefully, and the Han Kingdom could only use force to forcibly drive out foreigners and ban the concessions.

Shanghai

At this time, the Shencheng Bulletin Concession was surrounded by a garrison regiment of more than 1,000 armed police, and the armed police aimed the muzzles of heavy machine guns and 60-mm mortars at the gate of the concession, and a group of British and French armed armed police were also organized to confront the armed police with weapons in the concession.

An English-speaking Shencheng government worker stood at the front with an iron horn and shouted to the concession: "I order you to quickly lay down your weapons and surrender to our Han Kingdom, if you don't, we will enter the concession by force." ”

At this time, an armed policeman came to the side and whispered a few words, and then heard him holding a tin horn and then said: "Our soldiers are impatient, and at last I will give you another five minutes to think about it, and when the five minutes are up, we will enter the concession, and there are still five minutes left." ”

Hearing the words of the person opposite, some foreigners guarding the gate of the concession were a little nervous in their hearts, except for those who were originally soldiers who could still remain calm.

"John, do you think they're really going to come in, looking at the muzzle of the black hole, I feel like I can't move."

"Huck, do you believe that those cowardly Chinese dare to shoot at our great Englishman? No, they don't dare. John affirmed.

"Four minutes, you have four minutes left, and in four minutes we'll attack."

"Three minutes."

"Two minutes."

"It's the last minute."

"Thirty seconds."

"Ten seconds."

"Nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one."

"Fire!" The young commander of the garrison regiment gave the next order to fight.

Da! Da! Da! Heavy machine guns sweep down a row of enemies in front of them.

"They shot, they really shot."

"Hide, you don't want to die."

"Surrender, we surrender."

In the face of a weak enemy, the armed police from all over the country captured the concession one after another, and the armed police suffered less than 50 casualties.

The concessions in various parts of the Han Kingdom were recovered one after another, but this is not all, we have not forgotten that in the south, there are also Macao, which is occupied by Portugal, and Hong Kong, which is occupied by the British. (To be continued.) )