The origin of Mexico's exclusion of China is a microcosm of the entire South American exclusion of China, not a single country in which Mexico excludes China, but Latin America has always been in the process of excluding China since independence. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

Between 1880 and 1910, the Mexican government, like other South American governments, actively encouraged European immigrants to settle in the barren northern part of Mexico, hoping to improve the quality of the indigenous people and bring capital to the country through the "whiteization" of the population. Unfortunately, however, European migrants were unable to adapt to the climate of South America and left one after another. Later, some South American countries believed that the Chinese were hardworking, obedient, and could provide cheap labor, and began to plan to attract some Chinese immigrants to South America. Unlike the policy of tempting white Europeans to settle, most South American governments only allowed Chinese men to work in South American countries as guest laborers, and they could not own land, property and land, or even marry local women.

Among the Latin American countries, the largest number of Chinese settled in Mexico, they saw business opportunities in their daily work, and found that their business skills completely overwhelmed the Mexicans, so they changed from laborers to merchants.

Before the Mexican Revolution, Chinese merchants had gained control of parts of the economy, especially in markets related to railroads and minerals. They have also expanded their business to south-central Mexico. , in an instant for the commercial hegemon of the Mexican Republic. But what the Mexican government wants is a lot of cheap manpower to work in the deserted areas, not foreigners who earn money in their own country. Anti-Chinese sentiment gradually brewed in Mexico, and finally began to erupt under the "Mexicanization" advocated by the Mexican revolution.

On May 13, 1911, the Mexican rebels led by Madero launched an attack on the northern Mexican city of Torreón.

The capture of Torreón was a strategic rail hub that was key to the Madero army's capture of the entire northern region of Mexico.

Federal government forces loyal to President Díaz gave up resistance and withdrew from Torreón two days later, and Madero's army marched in.

There are about 600 Chinese in the city of Torreon, who are peaceful and law-abiding, and have accumulated wealth in exchange for food, clothing and wealth through their hard work. Not only did they run restaurants, hotels, laundries, grocery stores, but they also had a well-funded Chinese bank and built a tram line in Torreón. They also run large-scale vegetable plantations, and the wholesale and retail sales of the local vegetable market are basically monopolized by the Chinese.

As the rebels poured into the city, the mob numbered about 4,000 people, mostly from the city and its suburbs. From the beginning, the mob and the rebels took their anger out on the Chinese. They poured into commercial areas with a large concentration of Chinese shops, looted and vandalized shops, hunted down Chinese everywhere in the streets, robbed them of valuables, stripped the dead of their clothes and mutilated their bodies.

The massacre of the Chinese reached its climax when looting mobs and rebels poured into the Chinese-run Huamo Bank. The mob first stormed the hall and killed several bank employees. They chopped up the bodies of their victims with Mexican scythes and threw their severed heads and limbs into the streets. At the same time, a small group of Mexican cavalry drove to the outskirts of Torreón and drove the Chinese vegetable farmers there to a nearby slaughterhouse, where they were shot en masse and then trampled their bodies under the hooves of their horses. The massacres lasted from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. until the rebel leaders ordered a ban on the massacres.

After Yuan Shikai read the telegram, he was angry, and clapped his hands and said: "Zaifeng only sent troops to protect overseas Chinese, which is enough to go down in history." ”

Wang Yongan pondered for a moment, made the next decision, and said, "Father-in-law, our department is willing to send troops to Mexico to protect overseas Chinese. ”

Yuan Shikai was surprised and said, "Your ministry is willing to go to Mexico?" ”

"Yes."

"Why?"

"In order to tell South American countries that the Chinese should not be insulted." Wang Yongan said with a firm expression.

Yuan Shikai thought for a while and hesitated: "You can send a telegram to apply, but the imperial court may not be approved." ”

"Okay."

Early the next morning, Wang Yongan first sent a telegram to Wang Yongtai asking what he meant, and an hour later, Wang Yongtai replied with a telegram saying "yes."

Wang Yongan and the 24th Mixed Association of the Beiyang New Army were willing to send troops to Mexico to protect overseas Chinese, in order to warn South American countries that the Chinese were part of the Qing Dynasty and should not be insulted or offended.

Wang Yongan's telegram was like a spoonful of water thrown into a frying pan for a while, and it suddenly exploded.

All parts of the country were shocked by Wang Yongan's telegram, good guy, this murderous 24th Mixed Association is actually going to send troops to Mexico -- many people don't even know where Mexico is, whose brother is Mexico? However, more people of insight hurriedly wrote a letter, imploring the imperial court not to allow the 24th Mixed Association to send troops, as we all know, the 24th Mixed Association can only bring death to the locality, what if it causes a dispute between the Qing and Mexico countries?

Some people even immediately realized that the local warlords were actually more radical than the central government, didn't this mean that the Qing court could no longer restrain the local warlords? In fact, China at the end of the Qing Dynasty was more like a feudal state in the feudal system, where local officials were rampant and domineering in their own small kingdoms, but generally speaking, they listened to the central government, and the central government would not arbitrarily interfere with the localities, and the two sides formed a deformed symbiotic relationship.

And in the world, when the countries suddenly heard that the Great Qing State was going to send troops to attack Mexico, they couldn't believe it, this is the cowardly and decadent Eastern Empire? It's not like they're always doing. However, after sending the Navy Haiqi to Mexico, and then the army soldiers asked for war to protect overseas Chinese, the countries gradually realized that this country was no longer their little sheep - at least a fat goat with horns.

Since most of the South American countries were supporters of Kang Youwei's constitutionalists, Kang Youwei had no choice but to issue a telegram thanking Wang Yongan for his righteous deeds and calling on the Chinese to unite to fight for rights.

Wang Yongan's request for war was also shocked by the members of the Qing Cabinet, they didn't expect that the little guy who had been quiet for a few days jumped out at this time, and it was the Twenty-Four Mixed Association, what did they want to do? Do they really want to protect overseas Chinese? Or is there some other ulterior motive?