The eighth, Chiyou, was the chief of the Jiuli tribe in ancient times. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 According to legend, Chi You has a face like a cow's head and wings on his back, and is the leader of the Ox Totem and Bird Totem clans. He had eighty-one brothers, all of whom had copper heads and iron foreheads, eight arms, and nine toes, all of whom had extraordinary abilities. About 5,000 years ago, the Chiyou tribe and the Yanhuang tribe had a battle of Zhuolu, Chiyou died in battle, part of the Dongyi tribe integrated into the Yanhuang tribe, forming the Huaxia tribe, and part of the tribe that did not integrate into the Yanhuang group formed the earliest main body of the Miao people.

In ancient times, Chi You led the Jiuli clan tribe to develop farming, copper and iron smelting, five soldiers, creation of hundreds of arts, tomorrow Taoism, and science and education in this area, making outstanding contributions to the formation of early Chinese civilization and making Yanggu one of the important birthplaces of China's agricultural civilization.

At that time, the Jiuli tribal alliance led by Chi You, living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was a tribe that grew up in the face of the Haihe River, and was the most powerful tribal alliance among the three major tribal alliances at that time, and the material civilization had developed greatly. With the help of the local geography, climate, water and other superior conditions, they invented grain cultivation, and began to develop from gathering, fishing and animal husbandry, and nomadic herding to agriculture, which is a great progress in history and civilization, and a major contribution to ancient civilization. And cereal planting needs seedlings, transplantation, seedlings and so on. It is for this reason that people later used the word "Miao" to name the descendants of Chiyou "Miao". At the same time, they were able to create more elaborate pottery, and handicrafts began to develop. It is also a major contribution to Chinese civilization.

Chiyou invented metal smelting and the manufacture of metal weapons.

Chiyou "used gold as a weapon" and was the earliest inventor of metal smelting. Chiyou is not only the earliest inventor of metal smelting, but also the earliest inventor of metal weapon manufacturing. The emergence of the smelting industry has the significance of dividing generations, and since then, mankind has begun to enter the era of using metal tools, which marks a new leap in the productivity of primitive society.

Chiyou was the earliest creator and implementer of the establishment of laws and regulations and the implementation of the legal system.

In ancient China, Chiyou pioneered laws and regulations and implemented criminal laws to enforce discipline. "Book of Zhou?? Lu Xing" said: "Chi You punished the Miao people", which is a powerful proof. "Road History?? Hou Ji IV?? The Biography of Chi You said after recounting that Chi You was captured and killed: "Later generations of saints respect Yi and think they are greedy." Luo Ping said: "The god of Chiyou Tianfu, the shape is not common, three generations of Yi vessels, I have the image of Chiyou." for the corrupt". "Taiping Yulan" volume 79 quotes "Arowana River Map" and says: "After Lingyou was gone, the world was disturbed and restless, and the Yellow Emperor painted the image of Chiyou to threaten the world." The world is salty, and it is especially immortal. All the nations in all directions are in ruins. This also shows that Chiyou has established a majestic image and had a strong influence by strictly implementing the legal system. At the same time, Zheng Xuan said: "Miao Min is also of Jiuli descent." "The last effect is especially heavy punishment to change the people of Jiuli Yan Miao." This also shows that Chiyou is the initiator and implementer of the criminal law. Some historical sources also say that weapons and criminal laws were invented by Chi You, and were later imitated by the Yellow Emperor tribal group. It can be seen that Chiyou is the founder of the ancient Chinese legal system.

Although Chiyou has a negative image in Confucian classics, the folk have always had a tradition of worshipping Chiyou, and there are related worship activities in Hebei and Shanxi in North China. For example, Ren Fang's "Shu Yizhi" of the Southern Dynasty recorded that Jizhou (now Hebei) had a musical name "Chiyou Opera", and the people wore horns on their heads and offset each other; In the villages of Taiyuan, people worship the god Chiyou. Qin Shi Huang personally sacrificed Chiyou, one of the eight gods of war, and later emperors and generals often worshiped Chiyou for protection before going on expedition.

Legend has it that Chiyou was defeated and his head was in a different place, and his tomb was "Chiyou Mound" There are also many places, and there are also folk sacrifices. Juye County, Shandong Province, also invested in the reconstruction of the Chiyou Tomb and built the "Chiyou Square" in 2001.

Compared with the Han people, who generally recognize themselves as the descendants of Yan and Huang, the Miao people continue to be the ancestors of Chi. In the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect area of the Miao nationality, there is a legend of "Ge Chi Ye Lao". "Ge Chi Ye Lao" is also translated as "Ge Chi You Lao" (Miao Northeast Yunnan sub-dialect: gidchibyeullaol), "Ge Chi", which means grandfather and old man, "Ye Lao" is the meaning of hero, whether it is Chi You, there is still debate. The Miao people in southeast Guizhou, Guangxi Rongshui and other places, when holding a large-scale ancestor worship ceremony every six or thirteen years to "eat drum Tibet", they must first worship the ancestor "Jiang You". There is also the Miao epic "Bang Chi You" in southern Qiannan that is sung among the people, singing the story of the "first ancestor" Xiang Yougong.

Weapons and criminal laws were invented by Chi You, and were later emulated by the Yellow Emperor tribal group. It can be seen that Chiyou is the founder of the ancient Chinese legal system.

The ninth, Gonggong, also known as Gonggong, is the god of water in ancient Chinese mythology, who controls the flood. In China, the ancient book "Liezi?? According to Tang Wen, it is said that Gonggong has always been at odds with Zhuan, and there was an earth-shattering battle, which ended in the failure of Gonggong and angrily crashing into Buzhou Mountain.

Chinese?? Lu Yu Shang" contains: "The uncle of the Gonggong clan has nine." "Bo Jiuyou" is to dominate Kyushu. In fact, it is said that the Gonggong clan was once the lord of Kyushu, that is, a leader of the Central Plains tribal alliance. This reflects the fact that the nine clans lived in nine places, and the Gonggong clan was the primacy among them. Xu Xusheng said that the Gonggong clan lived in Huixian County, Henan Province. Guo Moruo said: The place where the Gonggong clan has been active for a long time is the Yishui and Luoshui basins in the western part of present-day Henan. This place was called Kyushu in ancient times, and it may have been derived from the nine clans of the Gonggong clan. Later, there was also the Kyushu Zhirong in the mountains to the west, which was probably continued by the remnants of the Gonggong clan.

Gonggong is a descendant of the ancient legend of Shennong, belonging to the Yandi clan, as the god of water, Gonggong has a human face, hands and feet, and the body of a snake. In the era of the Yellow Emperor's heir, Zhuan Xuan, he rebelled and was defeated by Zhuan, and Gonggong was so angry that he hit his head on Buzhou Mountain (the legendary pillar that supports the world), causing the world to tilt to the northwest. After that, the Gonggong continued to make chaos (representing the outbreak of the flood), and was finally killed by Yu (referring to the success of the flood control).

Gonggong, descendant of Emperor Yan. According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas?? Hai Nei Jing": "After Emperor Yan Ji II" notes "Returning to Tibet?? Qi Zheng": "The communist worker has a snake face and red hair."

Legend has it that Gonggong is the god of water. "Left Biography?? The seventeenth year of Zhaogong": "Gonggong's name is based on the water discipline, so it is the name of the water master.

"Liezi?? Tang asked: "The Gonggong clan and the decadent are vying for the emperor, (颛顼, the descendant of the Yellow Emperor ("The Classic of Mountains and Seas??") The Book of the Sea). Therefore, this war is really a continuation of the Huangyan War) angry and untouchable mountains, folding the pillars of the sky, Jedi dimension, so the sky is tilted to the northwest, and the sun, moon and stars are in place; The land is not satisfied with the southeast, so the rivers and rivers are returned. ”

"Pipe?? "The king of co-workers, the battle between Shigong and Zhuan in the water department."

This battle may also be rumored to be Gonggong and Gao Xin ("Huainanzi?? Yuandao"), Shennong ("Carved Jade Collection?? Zhuangli"), Zhu Rong ("Historical Records?? Supplement the Three Emperors' Benji"), Nuwa ("History of the Road?? Tai Wu Ji"). Other legends such as Yu chasing the common work, Yu killing the minister of the common work, such as Xiang Liu, were made by Yu as the figure of the Yellow Emperor system, and it was also the aftermath of the Huangyan War. The legend of "Nuwa mending the sky" that circulates in Qixian County, Henan Province today says: Gonggong, Zhurong, Nuwa, and coffin people are brothers and sisters. Gonggong and Zhu Rong fought over eating swan eggs, Gonggong was angry and touched Zhou Mountain, the sky collapsed and flooded, Nuwa has a move to make up for the sky, which seems to be more primitive.

"Liezi" is also known as "Chong Xuan Zhide Zhenjing", which was made by Liezi and his disciples in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

It is recorded that the clouds are: "Heaven and earth are also things." There is a shortage of things, so the former Nuwa clan refined five-color stones to make up for its shortcomings; It is enough to stand at the four poles. Later, the Gonggong clan and the decadent clan competed for the emperor, angry and could not touch the mountain, folded the pillar of heaven, the Jedi dimension, so the sky tilted to the northwest, and the sun, moon and stars were in place; The land is not satisfied with the southeast, so the rivers and rivers are returned. ”

Meaning: Heaven and earth are also objects. Objects have their own shortcomings, so in the past, Nuwa smelted stones of five colors to make up for the gap between heaven and earth, and cut off the four feet of turtle fish to support the four corners of heaven and earth. Later, the Gonggong clan competed for the throne with Zhuan Xiang, and because of anger, he ran into Buzhou Mountain, broke the pillar holding the sky, and tore off the rope that pulled the ground, and the sky tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars all moved to the northwest; The land sinks to the southeast, so the rivers and lakes flow to the southeast. [2]

"Historical Records?? Supplement the Three Emperors Benji": "The princes have a Gonggong clan, and Ren Zhi is punished by tyranny but not king; Riding wood with water is a battle with Zhu Rong. If you are invincible and angry, your head will not touch the landslide, the pillar of heaven will break, and the earth will be destroyed. This battle may also be said to be the dispute between Zhuan, Shennong, Nuwa, Gaoxin and Gonggong.

"Huainan Zi", also known as "Huainan Honglie", was compiled under the auspices of Liu An, the king of Huainan of the Western Han Dynasty, who invited guests.

Recorded clouds: "In the past, Gonggong and Zhuan fought for the emperor, and they were angry and could not touch the mountain, the heavenly pillar was broken, and the earth was destroyed. The sky tilts to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars shift; The land is not in the southeast, so the water and dust return. ”

Meaning: In the past, the Gonggong and Zhuan Gong competed for the emperor, but failed, so (Gonggong) got angry (with his head) and hit the mountain of Buzhou, the pillar supporting the sky broke, and the rope that tied the ground broke. The sky is tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon, and stars all move to the northwest; The southeast corner of the land collapsed, so that the rivers and lakes flowed in a southeasterly direction.

This myth reflects the struggle between the ancient tribes, and also involves the ancient astronomical "Gaitian theory" to explain the phenomenon that "the sun, moon and stars all move to the northwest" and "the rivers and sediment all flow to the southeast".

The tenth place, Zhu Rong, the god of fire in ancient legends. The official name of the Xia official is synonymous with the great Sima. Zhu Rong is recognized by Chu society as the ancestor of Chu and the fire master of Emperor Yan.

There is a record in the Book of Jin: "Chongli, the son of Emperor Gaoyang, is "Xia Guan Zhurong". This sentence clearly tells us that Zhu Rong is the official name of Xia Guan. In addition to the "Book of Jin", the "Zuo Chuan" also has a record that Zhu Rong is the official name of Xia officials. "Left Biography. The twenty-ninth year of Zhaogong said: "Mu Zheng said Jumang, Huo Zheng said Zhu Rong, Jin Zheng said Rong Harvest, Shui Zheng said Xuanming, and Tu Zheng said Hou Tu." The wood mentioned in it is the spring official, the fire is the summer official, the gold is the autumn official, and the water is the winter official. Therefore, the fire mentioned in "Zuo Biography" is called Zhu Rong, which means that the official name of Xia Guan is Zhu Rong. Historical Records. Chu Shijia said: Chongli Juhuozheng was ordered to say Zhurong, and Wu replied to Juhuozheng as Zhurong. Zhu Rong, the ancestor of the Chu State, whose real name was Chongli, was named Zhu Rong by the emperor because of his identity as a fire official.

Zhu Rong with fire, called the Red Emperor, later respected as the god of fire, the god of water and fire, the god of the South China Sea, one of the five emperors of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient times, buried in Nanyue District, Hengyang City, Zhu Rongfeng. Zhurong chieftain Suiren, the first in the history of the world to invent the drill wood for fire, the first to create a bazaar, Zhurong Suiren is one of the three emperors, known as the three emperors of the West Emperor. The Zhurong clan is the clan where the Western Emperor is located, and the Zhurong clan is the Western Emperor's clan. The Zhurong clan is an ancient clan, and Rong is a glowing firefly, shining like a star and bright in the dark night; Zhu is a sacrifice, a sacrifice to fire, a sacrifice to light, and a sacrifice to the Emperor of Heaven.