After Cao Rui came to power in history, not only Sun Quan was ready to take advantage of the fire to rob, but Zhuge Liang also made this calculation after the initial recovery of national strength. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 In the fifth year of Jianxing (227), that is, in the spring of the first year of Taihe, the second year of Cao Rui's coming to power, Zhuge Liang led his troops north to Hanzhong, and wrote a letter to Liu Chan before leaving, that is, "The Teacher Table".

["Teacher Table" and "Longzhong Pair"]

After pacifying Nanzhong, Shu Han and after several years of recuperation, the national strength has been initially restored, Cao Pi died at this time, Zhuge Liang and others saw the opportunity, so they led the troops to the north, stationed in Hanzhong, trying to take advantage of the void, before leaving Zhuge Liang on the book after the lord Liu Chan, with sincere and euphemistic words to exhort the main wide speech, strict rewards and punishments, pro-virtuous and far away, in order to revive the Han Dynasty; At the same time, he also expressed his own loyalty to the country, and later generations called Zhuge Liang's book "The Teacher's Table" (Note 1), and Liu Chan also issued an edict to Zhuge Liang in March to encourage him (Note 2).

It is recorded in the "Departure Table" that "after the overthrow, when he was entrusted with the defeat of the army, he was ordered to be in danger, and he was twenty years and one year." Directly calculated according to addition and subtraction, 227-21 = 206, but the ancient calculation is slightly different, Pei Song said very clearly: "Liu Bei was defeated in the thirteenth year of Jian'an, sent Liang to make Wu, and Liang used Jianxing to resist the Northern Expedition for five years, and it has been a full twenty years since the overthrow." However, the preparation began to meet with the debut, and it was also a year before the defeat."

This also means that Zhuge Liang took refuge in Liu Bei in about 207 AD, that is, in the twelfth year of Jian'an. At that time, Zhuge Liang proposed one of the four major pairs of the Three Kingdoms period for Liu Bei, the strategic policy "Longzhong pair", but more than 20 years have passed, the world has changed a lot, and Zhuge Liang has also begun to revise the strategic policy in the "Longzhong pair", the most obvious of which is that Zhuge Liang gave up the seizure of Jingzhou.

Twenty-one years later, after Zhuge Liang wrote to the Lord to decide on the Northern Expedition, Shu Han had already divided one side, and occupied Yizhou and Jingzhou at its peak.

It can be said that Liu Bei's later rapid development is closely related to the planning of "Longzhong". Whether it is to seize Jingzhou, occupy Yizhou, or unite with Sun Quan, these are all goals that have already been set by the "Longzhong Pair".

But later the development of Liu Bei's group was out of the "Longzhong pair" plan, Liu Bei and others after occupying Jingzhou and Yizhou, got carried away, ignoring the feelings of allies Sun Quan and others, which made the Sun-Liu alliance unstable, and Guan Yu launched the Xiangfan War, seeing that it was good, he tried to fight against the entire Cao Wei with the land of the three counties, not only failed, but gave Sun Quan and Lü Meng the opportunity to sneak attack, resulting in not only their own defeat and killing, but even Jingzhou also fell, since then Zhuge Liang in the "Longzhong pair" The planned two-way Northern Expedition strategy has begun to fail.

After Liu Bei became emperor, he intended to recapture Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, but instead suffered a crushing defeat, lost his advantageous position and was finally forced to reunite with Sun Quan, and Jingzhou could never be taken back.

Although Zhuge Liang has always been one of the core members of Shu Han, but because his elder brother Zhuge Jin held an important position under Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang was tied up in Sun Wu and did not have enough right to speak, so during this period of time, Zhuge Liang was not able to participate enough in the exchanges between Shu Han and Jiangdong. Pang Tong, who was more familiar with Jiangdong, had died in battle as early as when Liu Bei captured Yizhou, Guan Yu, who was stationed in Jingzhou, had a bad impression of Sun Quan and others for various reasons, and Fa Zheng and others, who spoke in front of Liu Bei, were not familiar with Jiangdong, which led to insufficient communication between the two sides, and also made the tragedy in the later period finally happen.

After Zhuge Liang came to power, most of the Shu Han talents had withered, the national strength had also declined greatly, and Jingzhou had been completely lost.

So Zhuge Liang adjusted the macro strategic goals after Shu Han, originally Shu Han's initial goal was to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, but waiting for the opportunity, there was an opportunity for the two armies to go north at the same time, eliminate Cao Wei, and restore the Han family, but at this time Jingzhou was captured by Sun Wu, and in the current situation, it is no longer going to come back, and only the Shu Han army of the first road can not swallow Cao Wei, so Zhuge Liang simply not only directly recognized Sun Quan's throne later, but also shared the world with Sun Wu, of course, Zhuge Liang's goal has not changed, Just like Deng Zhi said to Sun Quan: "There are no two days in the husband, and there are no two kings in the earth, such as after the merger of Wei, the king does not know the destiny of heaven, the king has his own virtues, and the ministers have their loyalty, and they will carry the drum, then the war will begin." ”

Originally, the strategy in the "Longzhong Pair" was that Liu Bei united with Sun Quan to resist Cao, seize Jingzhou and Yizhou, and then wait for the opportunity, and then the two armies went north from Jingzhou and Yizhou respectively to eliminate Cao Wei, and Sun Quan could only go north from Yangzhou, so Liu Bei must have seized more territory, and Liu Bei is still a descendant of the royal family, as long as Sun Quan is suppressed in prestige and strength, the Sun family is not worried in the later period.

But at this time, Sun Wu was already stronger than Shu Han, and he could only send troops from Hanzhong, and Sun Quan occupied the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and could send troops from Jingzhou and Yizhou, so Zhuge Liang simply modified his strategy, and he divided the world when Sun Quan was called emperor, and although Sun Quan was already qualified to be called emperor, he still needed to be recognized outside, and the two sides reached an agreement on sharing the world equally.

Zhuge Liang's strategy also changed to first eliminate Cao Wei with Sun Wu, and then the two sides fought it out. The change in this is to put it bluntly, it is a change in strength, originally Zhuge Liang thought very beautifully, first suppressed Sun Wu, united Sun Wu to eliminate Cao Wei, in the unification of the world, the result is not as good as the sky, Sun Liu Neigang, Jingzhou was seized by Sun Quan, Cao Wei also took a big advantage, Shu Han was defeated and lost, became the biggest loser, so Zhuge Liang had to give in.

This is the same as the "Jizhou pair" in the frustration to persuade Yuan Shao to occupy the north first to welcome the Son of Heaven, and later directly advised Yuan Shao to control Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao could not do Dong Zhuo earlier, so he had to expand his own strength first, and after Dong Zhuo's death, Emperor Xian moved eastward, although Yuan Shao has not completely occupied the four northern states, but the difficulty of seizing Emperor Xian has been greatly reduced, so Yuan Shao does not need to wait.

However, in Liu Sun's inner bar, the Shuhan Group has lost not only its own heritage, but also a great opportunity, Cao Wei is powerful, and it needs Sun and Liu to jointly fight, so if you want to completely defeat Cao Wei, it is difficult to do it with your own strength alone, which requires an opportunity.

When Zhuge Liang wrote the "Teacher Table", what he saw was an opportunity, Cao Rui had just come to power, and he was still in power.

Note 1: The first emperor did not start a business and the middle way collapsed, today under three points, Yizhou is tired, and this sincerity is in danger of survival. However, the ministers of the guards are unremitting inside, and the loyal people forget themselves outside, and they want to repay the special experience of the first emperor to His Majesty. It is advisable to open the saint (virtue) [listen], to the light of the first emperor's legacy, to magnify the spirit of the heroes, not to be arrogant, to quote the unrighteousness, to plug the road of loyalty. The palace and the house are all one, and it is not appropriate to punish Zang or not, and it is not appropriate to have similarities and differences. If there is a traitor and a person who is loyal and good, it is advisable to pay a reward for his punishment, so as to show His Majesty's fairness, and it is not appropriate to be partial, so that the internal and external laws are different. Shizhong, Shilang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc., are all good and honest, loyal and pure, and they are the first emperor to pull out His Majesty. Foolishly thinking that the things in the palace are no big or small, and if they are consulted and then implemented, they will be able to make up for the omissions and benefit from them. The general is favored, the sex is gentle, the military is young, and the trial is in the past, and the first emperor called it energy, and it is to be favored by the public. If you foolish think that the things in the camp are consulted, you will be able to make the deeds harmonious, and the good and the bad will be rewarded. Pro-virtuous ministers, far villains, this ancestor Han is so prosperous; Pro-villain, Yuanxian Chen, after that, the Han Dynasty fell into decline. When the first emperor was there, every time he discussed this matter with his ministers, he did not sigh and hate Yu Huan and Lingye. Servants, Shangshu, long history, joining the army, this minister of the good and good death, may His Majesty believe in it, then the Han family will be long, and the days can be counted.

Chenben cloth, ploughing in Nanyang, living in troubled times, not seeking to reach the princes. The first emperor was not despicable to his ministers, he was humiliated, and he looked at his ministers in the grass house, and the ministers were grateful for the things of the world, so he allowed the first emperor to drive. After the overthrow, when he was entrusted with the defeat of the army, he was ordered to be in danger, and he was twenty years old. 3 The first emperor was cautious, so he sent his ministers to major events. Since he was instructed, he has been lamenting all night, fearing that the payment will not work, so as to hurt the wisdom of the first emperor, so he crossed Lu in May and went deep into the hair. 4 Now the south has been decided, the armor has been sufficient, when the award rate of the three armies, the north of the Central Plains, the exhaustion of the dull, the removal of the traitors, the revival of the Han Dynasty, and the return to the old capital. This minister reported to the emperor and was loyal to His Majesty's office.

As for the consideration of profits and losses, and the full range of advice, it is important to be right, and to allow it. May Your Majesty entrust the ministers to the effect of the revival of the thief; If it doesn't work, the crime of the minister will be punished, and the spirit of the first emperor will be sued. [If there is no word of virtue, then] the slowness of responsibility, Yi, and permission, etc., is to show its blame. Your Majesty should also seek your own way, consult the good way, Chana Yayan, and deeply pursue the edict of the previous emperor. The minister is grateful for the gratitude, and now he should stay away, and he will not know what to say.

Note 2: Zhuge Liang Ji Zai Chan issued an edict in March: "I have heard the way of heaven and earth, and I am blessed and evil; Those who accumulate good prosper, those who accumulate evil mourn, and the ancient and modern constants are also. It was the king of Tang and Wu Weide, and he died violently. The writer Hanzuo is in the micro, the network leaks fiercely, Dong Zhuo makes it difficult, and shocks Gyeonggi. Cao Cao's rank is in trouble, stealing the balance of heaven, stripping the sea, and having no king's heart. Zi Pi is lonely, dares to find chaotic steps, steals artifacts, changes his surname, and helps his murderer. At this time, the emperor is extremely obscure, and there is no owner in the world, so my emperor's life will fall below. Emperor Zhaolie is the virtue of Ming, the light of the civil and military, the luck of the Qiankun, the difficult background, the management of the Quartet, the complicity of people and ghosts, and the people and the ability. Zhao Min Xindai. Feng Shun Fu Zhi, build a position and change the number, Pi Cheng Tian order, make up for the rise and fall of the evils, save the ancestral industry, and give birth to the emperor's platform, and do not fall to the ground. All nations are undecided, and the early world is gone. I rushed to the young, succeeded the Hongji, did not learn the training of the Baofu, and the weight of the infant ancestors. Liuhe is no, the community is not built, forever only so, thinking in Kuang rescue, light carrying the forerunners, there is no help, I am very afraid. It is to sleep at night, do not dare to be self-indulgent, every time from the thin to benefit the country, persuade the division of affairs to enrich the people's wealth, give the party any ability to participate in its listening, cut off the private intention to raise soldiers. If you want to fight for a long time, you want to fight for the sword, pointing to the ferocious rebellion, Zhu Qi has not been raised, and Pi Fu has been mourned, and the so-called **** is not burning my salary. The remnants of the remnants are ugly, and they are also a natural disaster, and they are in Sui River and Luo, and the troops are not stopped. Prime Minister Zhuge Hongyi was loyal and strong, forgetting to worry about the country, and the first emperor entrusted the world to bow down. Today, it is given the weight of the Yue, and it is given the right to dictate, leading the 200,000 people to ride on foot, Dong Governor Yuanrong, Gong Xingtian punishment, in addition to the trouble, the old capital, in this line also. In the past, there was always a strong crowd, cross-state and land, and the people who served were big, but they were defeated and died in Dongcheng, and the clan (such as burning) [burning such as], for laughing for thousands of years, they were not righteous, and the tomb was abused. Today's thieves follow suit, the heavens and men complain, the time should be fast, and the blessing of the Yanjing ancestor Wei Ling will help, and everything will be overcome. Wu Wang Sun Quan sympathized with the disaster, conspired with the hidden army, and fought behind him. The kings of Liangzhou each sent more than 20 people, including Yuezhi, Kangju, Huhou Zhifu, and Kangzhi, to receive the festival, and the army went north, so they wanted to lead the soldiers and horses and fight to be pioneers. The mandate of heaven is set, and the personnel are coming, and the teachers are united and invincible. The soldiers of the husband and the king, there is no war, respect and righteousness, do not dare to resist, so the battle of Mingtiao, the army is not bloody, the division of Muye, and the merchant defects. Today, the first road, where it goes, does not want to be extremely martial. There are those who can abandon evil and follow righteousness, eat pot pulp to welcome the king, the state has a regular canon, the size of the pet is sealed, and each has a product limit. and the clans, branches, Chinese and foreign of Wei, there are a number of people who can regulate the interests and harms, and judge the rebellion, and those who come to surrender are all removed. Xi Fuguo was absolutely close to the Zhi family, and with the blessing of the whole sect, Weizi went to Yin, and Xiang Bo returned to Han, all of whom were celebrated by Maotu. The clear test of the previous life is also. If they do not rebel, they will help the troublemakers, do not obey the king's orders, kill their wives and children, and have no forgiveness. Publicize the grace and prestige, lend its marshal, and hang its remnants. He is like an edict and a law, and the prime minister is exposed to the world, so that he is called mesmerized. ”

ps: Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition began,,,