After Ye Wen visited the two legendary door gods, it was time to visit Cheng Zhijie next. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

After lunch, Ye Wen didn't stay at home for long, so he went to the Suguo Mansion.

When he arrived at the Suguo Mansion, although Ye Wen hadn't been here a few times, the Ding family was also clever, recognized Ye Wen, and politely welcomed Ye Wen in.

"Brother Ye, long time no see." That family Ding first took Ye Wen to Cheng Chumo's residence, and Cheng Chumo, who got the news, came out and said to Ye Wen.

"Brother Cheng, it's been a long time since my family sat down." Ye Wen replied.

"Alas... Brother Ye didn't know, and my father told me to see Brother Ye less recently. Cheng Chu sighed and replied.

"Why is that?" Ye Wen couldn't help but feel puzzled, and secretly said that he didn't offend Cheng Zhijie, and he gave him a horse mallet before, and he didn't have any bad performance, why didn't Cheng Zhijie let Cheng Chumo associate with him.

"Brother Ye, don't blame, it was someone else who falsely accused us of gathering a crowd to commit rebellion, although His Majesty is aware of everything, but we must also avoid suspicion." Cheng Chumo hurriedly explained.

"Who is spewing blood, I, Ye Wen, am acting upright and sitting upright, how can there be such a false accusation by a villain." Ye Wen was very indignant.

"Brother Ye, don't worry, after some time, I will personally feast Brother Ye to dissipate his anger for Brother Ye." Cheng Chumo comforted on the side.

"Alas, there are always some villains who are troubled." Cheng Chumo said this, what else did Ye Wen say, after all, everyone didn't know who was making false accusations, it was useless to be angry, and it was his body that hurt in the end.

"Let's go, Brother Ye, I'll take you to meet my father." Then Cheng Shimo pulled Ye Wendao.

followed Cheng Chumo to Cheng Zhijie's residence, and Cheng Chumo went in to report. After waiting for a while, Cheng Zhijie personally came out to greet him and said, "Doctor Ye has been gone for a long time. ”

"Blessed is the Duke of Su Guo."

After a period of politeness, he entered the hall, and after everyone sat down, Cheng Zhijie said: "Recently, I have been hearing that Dr. Ye is building mansions everywhere, and the people are rumored that it is the immortals who have shown supernatural powers. ”

"It's just a whimsical thing in the family, how dare you fool the people." Ye Wen has also heard about it recently, although Ye Wen doesn't want to fool the people, he won't say anything about it.

"Dr. Ye's family is really magical, and the old man wants to see him." Cheng Zhijie couldn't help but sigh at the family that Ye Wen said, and then remembered that Ye Wen's family had been destroyed and saw Ye Wen show a sad expression in a timely manner, and said embarrassedly: "Eh... Speaking of Dr. Ye's sadness, please don't blame Dr. Ye. ”

"The little nephew doesn't dare." Ye Wen pretended to think of the sad thing and replied, as long as Ye Wen pretended to be very sad when others inquired about the family he had made, others would be embarrassed to inquire again.

"Meet my father." At this moment, Cheng Chuliang came in to meet Cheng Zhijiedao, and then Princess Qinghe also came in.

"Erlang and the princess have been very maze out of mahjong recently, it can be said that they forgot to sleep and eat, and it was useless for my father to say a few times, why did I take the initiative to come over today? By the way, this mahjong was passed into the palace by Ye Wen? Cheng Chumo saw Cheng Chuliang and the princess come in, and said with a smile.

"Don't laugh at Da Lang, Ye Lang is here today, if we don't come, who knows what will be selected for our Horse Mansion." Princess Qinghe was dissatisfied with Cheng Chumo's ridicule.

And Cheng Zhijie argued with them, but he just watched with a smile from the seat and did not participate.

"Ye Lang." Cheng Chuliang saw Ye Wen bowing to him.

"Cheng Er, long time no see." Ye Wen replied.

In the end, after they all sat down, since they had already talked to the point, Cheng Zhijie and they were no longer idle, Ye Wen took out his mobile phone and uploaded the plan, handed it to them, and let them choose at will.

After they finished choosing, Cheng Zhijie chatted for a while, and then went down to tell the housekeeper to prepare to go, so that they young people could have a good chat here.

After Cheng Zhijie left, Cheng Chuliang and Princess Qinghe also completely let go of the topic and began to talk to Ye Wen about mahjong.

Ye Wen had to deal with it casually, and finally they began to pull Ye Wen together to play a few games.

In this regard, Ye Wen couldn't refuse, so he had to follow them to play a few games.

Those who played mahjong with Ye Wen included Cheng Chuliang, Princess Qinghe, and Mrs. Cheng Chumo, and Cheng Chumo said that he would prepare with his father and not get involved in their gambling game.

This mahjong is spread from the palace, and the mahjong table is also an automatic mahjong table, and a large battery is placed next to it.

There is no time at the table, and it feels like it hasn't been playing for long, and it's already dark. Ye Wen and the others had to clean up and start the dinner, and after these few handfuls, Ye Wen also won a lot of money.

This dinner was also sumptuous, and after eating the dinner, Ye Wen bought the plan they chose, and then said goodbye and left.

During this period, Cheng Chumo and Cheng Chuliang still wanted to keep them, but Ye Wen refused. Because seeing Cheng Everywhere brighten their energy, they still want to play all night, Ye Wen doesn't have the perseverance.

In the next few days, as long as it didn't rain, Ye Wen visited Yu Shinan, Tang Jian, Duan Zhixuan and other celebrities with a little bit of history, and finally Ye Wen rejected some of the people behind him on the grounds that there were no building materials for the time being.

These days, Ye Wen ran around, but he spent a lot of time and made a lot of money.

Next, Ye Wen began to think about how to make money from the people who let Ye Wen build the mansion.

You can't make a lot of money selling daily necessities in the space-time branch, after all, toiletries like toothpaste, toothbrushes, soaps, shampoos and other toiletries can be used for a long time after buying them once.

At present, they can only show advertisements and some other programs such as "Animal World" on their TV, and TV series and movies, Ye Wen did not plan to show them before.

But now that the construction has been completed, Ye Wen began to plan to screen these TV series, but he needs to pay a fee, after all, Ye Wen also spent a lot of money translating the modern Mandarin in the TV series into Tang Dynasty Mandarin through Xiaokong.

Ye Wen didn't put the money in his pocket and then pay it back to them.

And what about the Mandarin of the Tang Dynasty? Some people take it for granted that since modern Mandarin was developed on the basis of BJ dialect, the capital of the Ming and Qing dynasties, then the Mandarin of the Tang Dynasty is probably not much different from the local dialect of the capital Chang'an, "Guanzhong Qinyin", right? Not really.

So, the "official language" of the Tang Dynasty, where is the pronunciation based?

Strictly speaking, it was not very different from the dialect of any place at that time.

If you stay in the officialdom for a long time, you will find two points: 1. Although everyone communicates smoothly with each other, the pronunciation of the official dialect spoken by people in different places is still quite different, just like the implementation of modern Mandarin is so strong, there are still so-called Trump, Guangpu, and Wenpu in society

2. Of course, the words and sentences used by the officials when they speak will not be strictly consistent with the written language (that is, the Tang Dynasty classical Chinese that can be seen now), but it seems that it is not the same as normal people speaking at home. If it sounds good, it is called "export into a chapter", and if it is ugly, it is slightly like the current official style and official clichés, everyone is literate, and the grammar is too regular and neat, and it is rare to hear fragmentary spoken words or fragments.

What kind of language was the "official language" of the Tang Dynasty? Why was it different from all the dialects spoken throughout the Tang Dynasty at that time?

In fact, it is necessary to start from the period of "five chaotic and well-dressed southward crossing" three hundred years ago.

At that time, Hu Di's army in the grassland had already captured Luoyang and Chang'an, the two capitals of the Western Jin Dynasty, and Emperor Sima was also taken prisoner, and the north and the Central Plains would inevitably fall into the Hu Lu world. Those who have gradually formed a powerful power since the Eastern Han Dynasty must plan for their own clansmen and industries, such as the Cui family and the Lu family, who decided to stay and deal with the Hu rulers on the spot - after all, the number of those tribes is too small to kill all the aboriginal Han people - and like the Wang family, the Xie family, as well as the Yu family, the Huan family, etc., are more pessimistic about the prospects of the north, and would rather carry rice bags and livestock to follow the Jin royal family Sima Rui and others across the Jianghuai River to the south, to the area of Nanjing today to open up family business, build the capital, and establish a new monarch, Establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In the past three hundred years, those Han and Jin Shi tribes who originally stayed in the northern Central Plains, such as those surnamed Cui and Lu, inevitably had to recognize those steppe barbarians who came from the south as the mainstay, and they had to be deeply influenced by the nomadic civilization of the steppe in all aspects, including clothing, food, housing, transportation, and of course, speech and pronunciation. However, just as what happened when the nomadic civilization entered the customs again a thousand years later, due to the huge number of Han people and the Han farming culture more adapted to the geography and climate of the Central Plains, those nomadic herders such as the Xiongnu and Xianbei who went south, although they were the ruling class, were completely assimilated by the Han way of life, and the mainstream language in the Central Plains was still Chinese, and the "Mandarin" in the north was still the Luoyang pronunciation in the Luoyang area.

Of course, the "Luoyang sound" here is not exactly the same as the Luoyang sound of the Western Jin Dynasty three hundred years ago. After three hundred years, speech itself will evolve; The second is also mixed with a certain amount of Hu sounds, and a certain number of loanwords in the Hu language are introduced. However, in the opinion of most scholars, the pronunciation commonly spoken by the common people in the north is much more "pure" than the "Wu language" spoken by the middle and lower classes of the people in the south (excluding the surnames of the scholars).

Before the southward migration of the Central Plains scholars, the Jiangnan region and the Fujian, Guangdong, Chuxiang and Hunan regions further south had accepted the Central Plains culture very deeply (compared with the steppe nomads), but still maintained their own distinctive characteristics, and the local people's languages were some of the same as Chinese but very different, and some were not Chinese at all. After the southward migration, although the number was small, there was a more advanced cultural and social organization, which naturally led to the pronunciation of the local people moving closer to those who moved south. This is a bit like the so-called "Indian English" in the English-speaking colonies, which is the product of the cultural superiority of a small number of foreign populations and the numerical superiority of the local natives, that is, the "pidgin English" that the local aborigines learned by using their own native phonology. In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was the southern "Old Wu language" that copied the "Luoxia sound", and finally most of the pronunciation was similar to the Luoyang dialect, but the overall phonology and some words were the bottom of the "Old Wu language", which developed to the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the old Wu language of the Han and Jin dynasties was basically eliminated, and what came out was a kind of "new Wu language", this "new Wu language", and then evolved into the predecessor of the modern southern Wu language.

In fact, the dialects of southern China are basically like this, that is, under the influence of waves of immigrants from the Central Plains, the phonology of the southern aborigines is used to copy the "Zhengyin" and "official dialects" of various eras. Therefore, on the one hand, there are many words in the southern dialect that seem to "retain the ancient sound"; On the other hand, the internal phonology of the southern dialect is very "chaotic", and the historical level is too complex, and it is difficult to "restore" to the "Central Plains Zhengyin" as a whole. In contrast, the grassland nomads who are "chaotic in China", because the language is too different from Chinese, the degree of mutual influence and infection is relatively small, and after hundreds of years of development, most of the descendants of the nomads simply abandon their own national language and go directly to speak Chinese.

Finally, in the early years of the founding of the Sui Dynasty, eight famous people came to the home of Lu Shuang, a famous scholar at that time, to participate in a literary salon that had a great impact on later generations, and the main topic was "what kind of official dialect, Chinese, Putonghua, and Zhengyin should be promoted in my great Chinese cultural circle."

The experts and scholars attending the meeting first reached two consensuses: first, the pronunciation of people in modern times (that is, in the early years of the Sui Dynasty), no matter where it is, is too distorted, too obscene, too ugly, and too "vulgar"! Use this voice to read the Book of Poetry, Han Fu, and Yuefu, and many of them don't rhyme. In the long run, the country will not be a country, and the cultural essence left by the ancestors will be lost.

Second, what kind of pronunciation do we want to correct and promote? Of course, the most beautiful golden age is the third generation of Xia Shang, Yao Shunyu soup at that time!

It's a pity that the three generations are too far away from us now, and the pronunciation is completely untestable, so let's go to the next best place, let's go to restore the Central Plains Luoyang Zhengyin before the promotion of the Five Hu Chaohua!

Both of these agreements were fairly easy to achieve, but that was the end of the easy part. Now into the discussion stage of "how to pronounce Luoxia Zhengyin", scholars began to engage in academic debate.

The content of the argument is presumably as follows:

"Of course, Luoxia Zhengyin should be based on the phonology preserved in Jinling by the southward migration scholars." Liu Zhen, Xiao Qi and others from the Southern Dynasty advocated, "The sound of the Northern Dynasty has been turned too badly!" For example, for the title of the most important male elder in the family, northerners generally obey Hu Yu, calling their father and brother grandfather and brother! How could there be such a title in the Han and Jin dynasties! ”

"Ahh You say that it is difficult for northerners to call your father your father, but you southerners still call your father your father! It's the same 'three vulgar' ugly! ”

The northern sound is Huhua, and the southern sound is Yihua, so which pronunciation should be orthodox? There may be a wise person who said -- what kind of pronunciation the emperor speaks today, which is the correct pronunciation, and the general direction of political correctness cannot be changed.

If you had said this at Lu Shuang's house that night, it is estimated that the salon scene would have to be silent immediately, all the university scholars, you look at me, I look at him, some forcibly hold back the laughter, some kill you with disdain, and some are short-tempered, and they will directly carry your neck and throw it out of the door - an uneducated dirt bun, don't mess with us here.

So everyone silently reached a third consensus in their hearts: the Guanlong nobles in the northwest from whom the current emperor Yang was born are the most uneducated and rustic upper-class social groups in the world, and their accent (Guanzhong Qin Yin) is simply a hybrid of Han and Hu languages.

How so?

You must know that in the last years of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Chinese territory was mainly divided into three parts of confrontation. The Southern Dynasty is the area along and south of the Yangtze River, while the Northern Dynasty is bounded by SXHN and divided into Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. In these three areas, the cultural people were basically in the Southern Dynasties or the Northern Qi Dynasty, which occupied the SDHB region. The Northern Zhou Dynasty, which occupied the SX Guanzhong, was originally the weakest and most uneducated regime, but it was the Guanlong nobles of the Northern Zhou-Sui-Tang dynasty who could not stand up to the brave and fierce fights of others, and finally unified China and became the lord of the world.

can fight and can fight, and when the emperor is the emperor, although the Guanlong nobles are the bosses politically and economically, they are still a group of uneducated nouveau riche. The eight scholars who participated in the pronunciation salon at Lu Shuang's house actually had more or less experience as officials in Zhou Sui, but they still regarded themselves as the remnants of the Southern Dynasty or the descendants of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and there was no native Guan Long literati among them.

Cultural literacy is such a thing, which can only be accumulated by generations of edification, and rich people can't do it with a "******" in their heads. Not to mention the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the world has just been unified, and all kinds of waste are waiting to be revived, and the emperor of the Yang family will not worry about such a trivial matter as "Mandarin" at all, assuming that after being reminded, the father and son of the Yang family suddenly thought of including "determining the promotion of Mandarin" in the "N major cultural project", and the emperor found a bunch of ministers and issued an edict: "Set the Qin Yin in Guanzhong as an official dialect and promote it to the whole country." ”

The ministers spread their hands: "Your Majesty Mingjian, we people either grew up in the Southern Dynasty or the remnants of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and no one will speak Qin Yin." Your Majesty, find some Guan Long literati to write rhyme books and go to all parts of the country to teach Qin Yin. ”

The emperor he really can't find it. So even if the imperial court wanted to do this, it was not enough, not to mention that it didn't pay attention to it at all.

Lu Shuang's "Voice Culture Salon". As a result of the discussion, the scholars still used the Luoxia pronunciation that moved south to Jinling as a benchmark, and referred to the Beiyin that remained in Luoyang, and determined a set of phonology that had become very complicated due to the compromise, as a rhyme used by "noble and educated cultural people" to read, write, and communicate with each other. Written by Lu Fayan, the son of the owner Lu Shuang, after several years of sorting, this set of phonology was written into a book, called "Cut Rhyme".

In the eyes of the scholars who participated in the writing of this book, "Cut Rhyme" is their ideal pronunciation of Luoyang in the Han and Jin dynasties. But in fact, there was no audio and video recording equipment for on-site verification at that time, and no one dared to say to what extent the set of voices they restored was consistent with the real Han and Jin Luoyang dialects in history. What's more, everything is in constant development and change, even if there is no Wuhu chaotic Huaguan Nandu, Luoyang language is not affected by external influences, it itself will continue to change internally, and it will be a different appearance for more than three hundred years.

In fact, for the Sui people, after the Sui and Tang dynasties and until modern times, there is no need to worry about whether "Cut Rhyme" is like Luoyang dialect of the Han and Jin Dynasties. By the time of Tang Zhenguan at the latest, the educational institutions of the government had already taken the "Cut Rhyme" as a book for the imperial examination, and required students across the country to use the "Cut Rhyme" as the standard when writing essays and poems. So naturally, when communicating in the officialdom, people from all over the world are trying to get closer to the pronunciation of "Cut Rhyme" in order to understand each other, and they all claim to be speaking "Luoxia Zhengyin".

Later, the phonology of "Cut Rhyme" has also continued to develop and change with the passage of time, and all dynasties have added and revised and deleted, but the official recognition of this series of voices is the "correct rhyme" of reading and composing poetry, so it also profoundly affects the inheritance of Chinese culture and even the lives of ordinary people. It was probably not until the rise of the May Fourth Movement that the influence of this classical Chinese reading on daily life gradually faded out.

Speaking of which, although the Guanlong aristocracy represented by the Sui and Tang royal families is a group of uneducated nouveau riche, they are also a group of very cute nouveau riche.

Their cuteness lies in the fact that they can admit that they are uneducated, leave the relevant business to educated people, and then work hard to learn the culture themselves.

If it was said that at the time of the Zhou Sui Dynasty, there were no cultural people among the nobles of Guanlong, then at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's ministers could basically write a poem, and they naturally began to accept and pay attention to "Zhengyin". For example, in the early Tang Dynasty, the prime minister of the country, Changsun Wuji, was a scholar who paid attention to "Zhengyin", although he was also born in Chang'an since childhood, it is best not to use Qin Yin to call people's names "Dangsun Wuji", to be serious, to use the rhyme and Zhengyin to elegantly call people - "Dangshen hen." ”