Although Cao Pi was not the founder of the Cao Wei group, he was the founding emperor of Cao Wei, who reigned for six years (Note 1), and although he did not make much progress in the military field, he made many achievements in the political field. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

【Cao Pi's Death】

In the sixth year of the early Huang Dynasty (225), Cao Pi's southern expedition was fruitless, and he returned to the north, during which he passed through Yongqiu and went to Cao Zhi's place to meet with Cao Zhi and increase his household by 500. When the line passed through Liang, Cao Pi sent an envoy to use the prison to worship the late Han Dynasty Taiwei Qiao Xuan.

In the first month of the seventh year of the early Huang dynasty (226), Cao Pi was about to come to Xuchang, but the south gate of Xuchang City collapsed for no reason, so he was very unhappy and did not go to Xuchang. On the 10th, return to Luoyang Palace. In March, Jiuhuatai was built.

On May 16, Emperor Wen Cao Pi was seriously ill and summoned Cao Zhen, the general of the Chinese army, Chen Qun, the general of the Zhenjun, Cao Xiu, the general of the Zhengdong, and Sima Xuanwang, the general of the Fujun, all of whom accepted the edict to assist the emperor in succeeding to the throne. Send the concubines below Shuyuan and Zhaoyi in the harem home.

On June 29, Cao Pi died at the age of 40, according to his proclamation before his death, no tree or grave, on June 9, he was buried in Shouyang Mausoleum, from the funeral to the burial, according to his proclamation before his death.

[Military achievements are not great]

In terms of military affairs, Cao Pi has made some achievements, although he did not succeed in the crusade against Sun Quan, but obtained Shangyong and other places from the hands of Shu Han, Cao Zhen was ordered by him to pacify the chaos in the west, Liang Xi crusaded against Xianbei Kebineng, Tian Yu, Zhao and other generals also had quite a good record.

Cao Pi is most famous for his three southern expeditions to Sun Quan, among which the first three-way army went south was the most vast, when Cao Xiu, Zhang Liao, and Zang Ba on the eastern front sent troops to Dongpukou, Cao Ren on the middle line sent troops to Suwu, and Cao Zhen, Xiahou Shang, Zhang He, and Xu Huang led the army to besiege Nanjun on the western line. However, all three roads made early gains, but in the end, they could not confirm the victory.

The next two times are basically anticlimactic, in the fifth year of the early Huang Dynasty (224), Cao Pi looked at the river and sighed, there was no way to take Sun Quan, who was separated by a river, and the following year (225) Cao Pi attacked again, but because of the cold weather, he had to retreat.

In the third year of the early Huang dynasty (222), Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhen, the general of Zhenxi, to lead the generals and the soldiers of the prefectures and counties to defeat the rebellion against Hu Zhiyuanduo and reward him, and pacify Hexi. In the sixth year of the early Huang dynasty (225), Liang Xi, the assassin of the state state, conquered the Xianbei people Kebineng and won a complete victory.

During the Cao Pi period, Cao Wei's restrictions on foreign generals also reached their peak, at that time, the commanders of the main leading troops were basically Cao Wei's relatives, as the head of Cao Wei's foreign surname generals Zhang Liao was transferred to the former general, Xu Huang in Cao Pi's first crusade against Sun Quan, although the western front was famous, but in fact he was playing soy sauce, Cao Pi's command used Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, Cao Ren, Xiahou Shang and other relatives generals, and the restrictions on foreign generals were more than Cao Cao. (During the Three Kingdoms period, foreign tribes did not pose much threat to the Central Plains, and sometimes they were even equivalent to thieves, so the crusade against Wu Shu was generally the main commander)

[A lot of political achievements]

Although Cao Pi only reigned for six years, he had a lot of achievements in politics, and he learned the lessons of the rebellion of the vassal states of the Han Dynasty, the dictatorship of foreign relatives, and the chaos of eunuchs, and took many measures, mainly in five aspects.

First of all, Cao Pi, at the suggestion of Chen Qun and others, established the Jiupin Zhongzheng system to replace the inspection system, which successfully eased the relationship between the Cao clan and the scholars, gained their support, and laid the foundation for the title of emperor. After he implemented the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, he used human rights to collect from the local government to the central government, but it also led to the gradual monopoly of the ruling power of the Wei State by the scholars.

Second, Cao Pi began to restrict eunuchs. At the same time, he also announced: It is strictly forbidden for eunuchs to interfere in politics and eunuchs to serve as officials, and the highest can only serve as "decrees", so as to eradicate the root cause of eunuchs interfering in politics from the system.

Again, Cao Pi claimed that the emperor took measures to restrict the descendants. It is decreed that women are not allowed to pre-government, ministers are not allowed to play the role of the queen mother, and the descendants of the family are not allowed to serve as auxiliary politicians, and they are not allowed to accept the lord of the soil.

Again, Cao Pi seized the power of the vassal king. At that time, the fiefdoms of the Cao Wei feudal kings were often changed, and they had no governing power and military power, and their actions were strictly monitored, and they were like being imprisoned, but this also led to the weakness of the clan relatives and their inability to prevent foreign ministers from seizing power in the future.

Finally, Cao Pi established Zhongshu Province. The officials of Zhongshu Province were replaced by scholars, and the responsibility for drafting edicts and documents, which was originally held by Shang Shulang, was transferred to the officials of Zhongshu Province, and the power of confidentiality was gradually transferred to Zhongshu Province.

[Economic aspects]

On the economic front, Cao Pi continued to implement the tuntian system, and abolished the five-baht coin, replacing the money with grain and silk. Later, there were more and more problems, and after Cao Pi's death, the five-baht money was soon restored.

[External]

After Cao Pi came to power, he didn't do much for Shu Han, and for Sun Wu, he changed from love to hate, from one extreme to another.

When Cao Pi came to power, the power of Shu Han has begun to decline, throughout the Cao Pi period, Shu Han is not a big threat to Cao Wei, Guan Yu is dead at that time, Liu Bei's revenge failed, Zhuge Liang later had to recuperate, and to quell the rebellion, so Cao Pi basically did not take the initiative to make restrictions on Shu Han, and sent Xu Huang, Xiahou Shang and others to capture Shangyong and other places, or because of Meng Da's surrender.

For Eastern Wu, Cao Pi believed in wooing at first, and took the initiative to give Sun Quan the title of king, but later found that he was tricked by Sun Quan, hated it deeply, and never cared about Shu Han and fought Sun Wu.

After Sun Quan seized Jingzhou, he had broken with Liu Bei, so he vigorously wooed Cao Pi to prevent being attacked from both sides, and may even directly promise proton, but after Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei, Sun Quan's attitude changed, and the matter of proton was also delayed again and again, Cao Pi finally understood that he had been tricked, and his attitude towards Sun Wu made a direct 180-degree turn, leaving the already weakened Shu Han alone, and specifically looking for Sun Quan's fork.

However, although he was helpless in the face of the Yangtze River, he also took this opportunity to pacify the local separatist forces in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, and transferred Zang Ba, Sun Guan and others back to the imperial court.

【Literary Achievements】

Cao Pi was an outstanding great poet of the Three Kingdoms period in China and was one of the three Caos. His "Yan Ge Xing" is the earliest surviving literati seven-character poem in China; His five words and Yuefu Qingqi are moving, and there are about 40 extant poems.

【Cao Zihuan in History】

Name: Cao Pi

Attributes: Leadership (B+) The founding emperor of the Cao Wei Empire, he had a relatively good political performance

Commander (b) Cao Pi was not very strong in military terms

Strategy (b-) Cao Pi is also relatively poor in this regard

Politics (B+) In terms of politics, Cao Pi's performance is okay

General Comment (A+) Cao Pi's own ability is average, and he has not been in power for a long time

Alias (title): Cao Zihuan

Gender: Male

Ethnicity: Han

Profession: politician, writer, poet

Official position: General of the five officials, deputy prime minister

Nickname: Emperor Wen

Temple number: Gaozu

Mausoleum: Shouyang Mausoleum

Family origin: Cao family

Birth and death: 187--226

Place of birth: Peiguo County, Yuzhou

Main social relations: father (Cao Cao) son (Cao Rui)

Major Experiences:

From 187 to 217, he was the eldest son of Cao Cao and Lady Bian, and made some achievements in literature, and later became the son of Cao Wei

From 217 to 220, Cao *** inherited his throne, and his descendants were called emperors of Han and established the Wei Dynasty

From 220 to 226, he seized Shangyong and other places from Shu Han, and failed to attack Sun Quan three times

Summary: Although Cao Pi also has a lot of flaws, he is not a master, but he is not a faint king, probably above average.

Note 1: Cao Pi's reign began in the first month of the first year of the early Huang dynasty, but he was proclaimed emperor in November, and died in May of the seventh year of the early Huang dynasty, so Cao Pi was in charge of the imperial court for more than six years, but the reign of the emperor was only five and a half years.