"Who is this?" After some politeness, he was invited to the hall by Fang Xuanling, and Ye Wen saw a one-eyed lady in her fifties standing in the hall. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

"This is my wife." Fang Xuanling responded.

"It turned out to be Mrs. Fang, disrespectful and disrespectful." Ye Wen stepped forward to bow.

"Doctor Ye doesn't have to be polite." Mrs. Fang said.

After some politeness, he sat down.

"Recently, I've been hearing that Dr. Ye built Yong'an Palace and Qi Guogong Mansion overnight, I don't know if it's true or not?" After they all sat down, Mrs. Fang asked.

"The rumors are true, I don't know if Mrs. Fang has such intentions?" Ye Wen naturally came to talk about business, Ye Wen didn't want to come to a waste, just to verify the news for them.

"Naturally, I wonder if Dr. Ye can show us what the plan is?" Mrs. Fang also heard that Ye Wen had more plans.

Ye Wen didn't say much, he directly took out his mobile phone and handed it to Fang Xuanling, who in turn handed it to Mrs. Fang.

Since I met Mrs. Fang, the home field here has been controlled by Mrs. Fang, and it seems that the rumors that Fang Xuanling is afraid of are true.

However, Fang Xuanling's fear is not consistent, according to Fang Xuanling's career, he originally followed Taizong when he was forty-eight years old, and Mrs. Fang was his wife when he was cold. According to the biography of the daughters in the "New Tang Dynasty Book", the allusion of the Lu family to gouge out the eyes and Mingzhi is recorded.

Once Fang Xuanling was seriously ill and was about to die, and instructed his wife: "After I die, you are still young, you don't have to be widowed for me, treat your future husband well." Mrs. Fang cried so much that she gouged out one of her eyes and vowed not to marry again. Fang Xuanling was greatly moved, and after recovering from his illness, he was given a lifelong rite and no longer took concubines.

Ye Wen was greatly moved by this record, and he didn't know why later generations blindly exaggerated the allusions of jealousy, but he never mentioned Mrs. Fang's eye-gouging ambition.

Ye Wen couldn't help but feel a little sorry for this, if the mansion was built, Mrs. Fang would not be able to watch 3D movies in the future.

Although Mrs. Fang is a little assertive at home, she still takes care of Fang Xuanling's opinions, and asks Fang Xuanling's opinions from time to time.

After waiting for a while, Fang Xuanling and his wife finally chose the plan, Ye Wen took the mobile phone and looked at it, among the many plans that Ye Wen gave them, they chose the plan with a middle and lower price.

"Doctor Ye has been famous recently, and my brother also wants to meet Dr. Ye." Mrs. Fang Xuanling said.

"I don't know who Mrs. Fang's brother is?" Ye Wen asked strangely.

"The head of the Lu family in Shandong."

"Oh." Ye Wen had already guessed, after all, Fang Xuanling's wife was from the Lu family in Shandong.

Ye Wen has nothing to be interested in their family. Ye Wen didn't marry them to improve his so-called clan status, and he had to buy a marriage to marry them, which would cost a lot of money, and Ye Wen was even less interested.

What's more, it doesn't have to be a beauty to buy back, so it's even more unnecessary.

If you want to talk about the formation of these big families, it has to talk about the Han Dynasty.

Before the Song Dynasty, there were many large families in Chinese society. For example, Li Yuan's family is a big family. This is a more academic topic, so let's put it in layman's terms.

Later generations have always said that China is a feudal society, but this is a misunderstanding, and the feudal society was put forward by the West and is not suitable for China. If you have to compare, the Western Zhou Dynasty is a typical feudal society, there is a central government, all the outside are various feudal states, the feudal countries only need to pay part of the taxes to the king of the Western Zhou Dynasty every year, and send some troops when fighting, and the others basically have nothing to do with the central government.

In the Qin Dynasty, there was a fierce debate in the court about whether to implement the feudal system or the county system, Qin Shi Huang had a strong desire for power, and of course he was unwilling to engage in feudalism, so he divided the country into administrative regions, just like the current provinces and cities, and then sent officials to the localities, and the officials were Qin Shi Huang's employees, and the welfare was not very good. This is no longer a feudal society.

After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty held a seminar to summarize the lessons of the fall of the Qin Dynasty, some people thought that it was the fault of the county system, their ideas were right, and their own world was of course managed by their own people. But they also learned the lesson of the Zhou Dynasty, there were too many fiefs, and the emperor did not have much power, so they sealed the king on one side and the county on the other.

However, from the founding of the Han Dynasty to the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there were many rebellions of vassal kings, and each time it was more dangerous than the other. This made the emperor of the Han Dynasty very uneasy, so he began to dismiss the vassal kings again.

If there is no vassal king, who will be in charge of the place? Of course, officials are sent to take care of it, and where do the officials come from? Only elected. How do you choose?

Examination? No, most people have not read, how to take the test, and what to test? No one knows either. Therefore, in the end, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came up with a way - the inspection system and the selection of filial piety.

Magistrates, usually county guards, basically choose one person who is filial to their parents from the place under their own control, and one person who has good conduct and is honest in handling affairs to the central government to become an official.

The new officials have taken office three times, and the same is true for the new policies that have just been introduced. However, gradually some people began to play tricks inside.

Zhang San chose Li Si, Li Si became a big official, and Zhang San was Li Si's reborn parents. So when Li Si chooses someone again, he will inevitably think of Zhang San's children.

Zhang San is the county guard, he has the right to choose people, if he is fair and selfless, what if he is a little cautious? Whoever gives him money will choose whomever he chooses, and there will be problems here.

What went wrong? A large family is formed, which is called a gate valve.

I can't choose myself, so I have to choose Li Si from Zhang San, and Li Si will choose Xiao Zhang San, you choose me, and I will choose you next time.

Moreover, after the selected people enter the central government, they also have to go to school to study and take examinations. At that time, paper had not yet been invented in China, most people were illiterate, filial piety and justice were moral issues, and it had nothing to do with how many words you knew. These people have entered the central school to study, and the short time is simply not enough, and they may have to take the exam just after the literacy eradication, and most of them still fail.

However, the people who enter through personal fraud are different from the ordinary people who are selected, and the people who can go through the back door are either powerful or rich, and the families with the right and money are generally educated, and compared with those who are not educated, they must have an advantage in the distribution of graduation.

As a result, after many years, they were selected and chosen, and they were all selected by a few families, and these families gradually became big families, became gate valves, and power could be exchanged for money, and money could be exchanged for power.

In order for the big families to prosper, they have to find allies, so these big families have to marry each other, and nothing can be more reassuring than blood, but there is nothing more worrying than blood.

Once a large family is formed, it is very difficult to get rid of it.

Moreover, from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, because of the continuous wars, the families that can survive are all big families with very strong strength, after the baptism of war, these families are getting healthier and stronger, and the immediate family members of a family plus vassals, tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people, in order to save themselves and kill others, generally have their own private armies, their own fortresses, and all of them are local private separatist forces.

Many times, if a person wants to be an emperor, it is not to see how strong his ability is, but to see if he can get the support of the big family. Even if he becomes an emperor, he is still an emperor in name only, and without the nod of a big family, the emperor can't do anything. Once this emperor moves a little bit of thought and wants to hold the power in his hands, then this emperor or this emperor's son must not end well.

These great families had great power until the Tang Dynasty, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that they completely collapsed. The main reason is that Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, began to implement the imperial examination system, expanding the scope of government employment to farmers and other people. Yang Jian himself was a big family, and of course he knew how much of a threat the big family posed to his Yang family's rule.

It is a pity that he and his Sui dynasty did not complete the task of dismantling the great family. This task had to be done by his nephew's son.

Therefore, the main purpose of the imperial examination system is to eliminate those families, and everything else is incidental.

China's scientific research system has lasted for more than 1,000 years, and its impact is extremely significant and far-reaching, both beneficial and disadvantageous, and it has had an indelible impact not only on China, but also on European and American countries. As early as 100 years ago, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of China's democratic revolution, broke the current system of various countries, and almost all of them learned from the British. Tracing back to the origins of poverty, the British examination system was originally learned from China. What Sun Yat-sen said was well-founded, not conjectural.

In the 14th century, European visitors to China introduced and recommended to their own countries the mode of selecting talents through the imperial examination, that is, the unified examination, which had been implemented in China since the Sui and Tang dynasties. Among them, the British were most interested in it, "The British academics and enlightened officials at that time strongly advocated emulating the Chinese civil service methods, equal opportunities, and public examinations." In 1853, the British royal family appointed Sir Charlie Trovellian and Stamford Northcote to reform and draft plans for the British civil service. Later, they submitted a "Report on the Establishment of a Permanent Civil Service System in Britain" to Congress, and the main point of the report was to recommend the study and implementation of China's imperial examination system, and the recruitment of officials through open and competitive examinations. ”

The report of the two knights was adopted by the British Parliament. Since then, France, the United States and many other European and American countries have "taken over" China's examination system. "Europeans and Americans believe that the imperial examination is more advanced and fair than their 'leadership has the final say' and 'hereditary' employment models at that time, and that China's imperial examination has many advantages, at least it makes officials attach importance to the study of cultural knowledge, and can create a group of high-quality officials."

Some people in the West were amazed at the time that China's imperial examination system was a great system. They believe that this system should be as important an invention as the "Four Great Inventions" invented by the ancient Chinese, which has influenced the global concept of employing people, and it is still and will be in the future.

Although the Chinese creatively invented the imperial examination model, this method later became a rope that bound the thinking of the Chinese. However, Europeans and Americans know how to live and learn, and have transformed this method of selecting talents invented by the Chinese into an examination mode that allows the Chinese inventor to turn around and learn from the experience.

Of course, it's too early to talk about that.