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In late autumn, it is always dark late on this short night and long night, but once it gets dark, it will be very fast. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info It was only about 6 o'clock in the evening, and the lamps were already turned on in the room, and the oil lamps made of cast iron and glass nailed to the pillars and walls were already lit.

The back house of the governor's mansion, which is the inner house of the governor's mansion, whether it was in the past or now, is a place where you must not be invited. To some extent, this is Zhu Yifeng's current home. After dinner, because there was no political affairs in recent days, especially after the Governor's Mansion was restructured to join the army, he finally took a break from the many government affairs and devoted himself to something he was better at.

Although the light of the oil lamp was not bright, under the illumination of several oil lamps, this room was much brighter than an ordinary room, but despite this, Zhu Yifeng was still not satisfied with the light on. In fact, anyone who is accustomed to the light at night in the age of electricity will not get used to the light emitted by this oil lamp.

"In the future, we will have to invent the electric light......

Muttering like this, the pencil in Zhu Yifeng's hand did not stop there, but continued to draw a pattern and its principle with his memories there, carrying out his "invention".

The so-called "invention" is actually copying, which is obtained by the extraordinary memory after the time travel, so that he can recall the books he has read in the past, and he lost a lot of time to "squander" in the library and Internet forums when he was in college, which made his memory more "sideways".

Just like the "converter steelmaking method" that is now being "invented", it is the information he once read, the content of the information is very simple, just the information in the Internet encyclopedia, but thanks to the background of the engineering discipline, he can also understand its principle.

“…… If air or oxygen is blown into a sufficient amount of molten iron, then it will cause a strong combustion of the liquid metal, and maintain and raise the temperature, so that the metal will remain liquid without fuel, and remove carbon (part) and phosphorus and sulfur, turning iron into steel ......"

This is the basic principle of converter steelmaking, and in this era, it is generally believed that cold air will cool and solidify the molten iron, so that the whole smelting process will stop. But three years later, the French-Englishman Bessemer would invent converter steelmaking and set up his own steelworks in Sheffield in 1860. He imported iron ore without phosphorus from Sweden, began selling his high-quality steel at a tenth of the competitive price, and within a few years he became a rich man.

Bessemer and some of his successors, such as Siemens, who further improved the steelmaking process, began to produce cheap steel. The noise means the arrival of ocean ships, steel skyscrapers, and giant suspension bridges. Bessemer didn't invent steel, but he made it available to everyone.

This is precisely the meaning of the converter steelmaking method -- in the world in 1853, there were no iron and steel factories, only the iron-making industry, in fact, even the equipment purchased by Zhu Yifeng from Britain was only iron-making equipment, and as for steel-making, steel ingots were only made in tens of kilograms through graphite crucibles. Its price is expensive - the price per ton of steel is as high as more than 240 taels, compared to only 14 taels of silver per ton of iron!

It is precisely because of this that after learning of this price disparity, Zhu Yifeng started the idea of "inventing" the steelmaking method, compared with the relatively complex structure of the steelmaking open hearth, Zhu Yifeng chose the simpler converter steelmaking method.

Bessemer invented the pear-shaped movable converter, which can smelt 10 tons ~ 15 tons of molten iron into steel in only 10 minutes. If the crucible mixing method is used, it will take several days to complete. Therefore, it is a high-productivity, low-cost steelmaking method, which has become a major innovation in the history of metallurgy. However, the converter invented by Bessemer is an acid converter, and in an acidic converter environment, phosphorus is difficult to be oxidized and removed. Therefore, Bessemer converters are only suitable for countries such as Sweden and Austria, which have large quantities of low-phosphorus and low-sulfur iron ore in Europe.

It was not until 1879, 23 years after his invention of this technology, that the British metallurgist Thomas proposed the alkaline converter steelmaking method, that is, the clinker fired from dolomite at high temperature, mixed with tar to make an alkaline refractory brick lining, and the smelting process was blown into the air and quicklime added. In this way, the whole reaction is carried out under alkaline high temperature conditions, and the oxidized phosphorus is combined with lime, which remains in the slag and does not return to the steel, thus solving the problem of dephosphorization. Compared with acid furnaces, alkaline converters are more suitable for Daye iron ore, after all, in another time and space, the Hanyang Iron Works that used acid converters had not produced steel for more than ten years, and finally had to borrow Japanese money to switch to alkaline open hearth. Because he is familiar with this history, Zhu Yifeng will choose the alkaline converter steelmaking method. However, the difference between acid converter and alkaline converter is only the difference between the refractory brick lining, and there is no difference in the structure and principle of the furnace body.

“…… Air enters the bottom of the furnace from the hollow lug, and the bellows under the bottom of the furnace ......"

When drawing drawings with a pencil, Zhu Yifeng kept recalling the schematic diagram of the Bessemer converter structure that he had seen, and changed the schematic diagram back into a drawing, the actual industrial production is not a schematic diagram of the structure can provide, in fact, after returning from Changsha, he has been drawing the drawings of the converter, and hundreds of drawings can not be drawn overnight.

Just like the 2-ton converter designed at this time, in addition to calculating its size, it is also necessary to calculate the diameter of the inner chamber of the hollow furnace lug on the non-transmission side to ensure the ventilation capacity, as well as the load-bearing capacity of the transmission side, which need to be accurately calculated. Even a furnace lug requires more than a dozen drawings.

Only after these drawings have been drawn up can the factory be able to manufacture the converter according to the drawings. Although this job seems extremely boring and boring, and extremely heavy for one person, it is all worth it for Zhu Yifeng, because once it is put into use, it will not only bring cheap steel, so that he can produce rifles and artillery with cheaper steel, but more importantly, it means that China will enter the steel age ahead of Europe!

Cheap steel will make everything possible. In contrast, it will take more than 20 years for Europe to enter the steel age, and the current Europe is just a "wrought iron age". Perhaps, as early as three years ago, Britain could produce 2.285 million tons a year, France produced 406,000 tons a year, and even Russia, the most backward of the great powers, could produce 228,000 tons of iron. But they only produce iron, and the production of steel is extremely limited, even in the United Kingdom, which only produces more than 10,000 tons of steel a year.

As long as we seize this opportunity of change and make full use of the opportunity period of change, China will surpass Britain in the steel industry in a maximum of ten years. As the leading industry of this era, the steel industry is bound to drive the development of various industries, thereby driving China's industrialization.

After all, the third wave of technology was marked by the rapid development of steel smelting, heavy machinery manufacturing and electrification, in which the mass production and application of cheap steel became the core of technological progress affecting various sectors such as industry, agriculture and services! This is also the reason why this era is called the Iron Hour.

"It wasn't until 22 years later that Carnegie built the first converter steel plant in Pennsylvania to make steel rails......"

Zhu Yifeng, who had already drawn the last drawing, looked at the drawings on the table next to him, which were more than a foot thick, and the corners of his lips raised slightly...... Skyscrapers, bridges, and other steel products spread out from Wuchang and spread throughout China......

On the seas of China, huge steel ships are moving on the sea, and on the land, the roar of trains drives the country forward......

This is not only a fantasy, but also an ideal, and it is also the purpose of Zhu Yifeng's coming to this era, he wants to change, change this era, this world!

"Hoo ......"

Forcibly withdrawing some chaotic minds from that dream, Zhu Yifeng laughed at himself.

"You just drew the drawings, I don't know if it's correct, and the rest will wait for the converter to be manufactured by the factory in the future, and after testing, I won't know if it can be used!"

Now, they're just drawings and that's it!

"It's not a good thing to get caught up in this kind of fantasy all the time!"

Shaking his head and sighing, Zhu Yifeng stood up and stretched his waist, and then walked out of the "studio", and when he walked to the door, he noticed that the moon was already hanging in the middle, and it was obviously late at night, and he had been working here for five or six hours before he knew it.

I took a pocket watch and looked at the time, and it was already three o'clock in the morning.

"It seems that I have to pay attention and try to rest early!"

He didn't think it was so late, and he said to himself with a smile.

"After all, you have a lot of responsibility, and it's not a good thing to stay up late like this! Well, if you want to be lazy with such an "invention" in the future, you can invite that Bessemer over, isn't it......"

muttered like this, but in the bottom of Zhu Yifeng's heart, he categorically rejected this idea, because he needed to establish a "first-mover advantage", even if Bessemer was invited to China, it would still take several years to study, and it was unacceptable to Zhu Yifeng, who intended to complete the process of catching up with the great powers in the shortest possible time.

"Let's wait until the steel plant is built in the future......"

In his own words, when Zhu Yifeng walked forward, when he passed by a courtyard, he looked at the lights in the small courtyard in the courtyard, and when he thought of the guests in the courtyard, his brows furrowed.

"This person, it seems that I have to think of a way again, and it's not a way to always be circled like this!" (To be continued.) )