Tongguan is adjacent to the Yellow River in the north, stands on the mountainside in the south, chokes Qin, Jin, Henan three provinces to rush, there are Qinling Mountains in the south, near Huayue in the west, the surrounding mountains are even mountains, the peaks are even peaks, the valleys are deep and the cliffs are absolute, the mountains are high and the roads are narrow, and there is a sheep intestine trail in the middle, and only a car and a horse can pass. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info Locals use "the road is dangerous to fight with apes" and "the road to the world is dangerous" to describe the danger here.

When Sun Chuanting was stationed in Tongguan, he added 12 cities, and rebuilt the forbidden ditch, so that the soldiers were stationed in 12 cities and forbidden ditches, each city garrisoned 100 people, and more firearms and stones were set up. Sun Chuanting once said to the left and right, those who guard the pass but do not guard the forbidden ditch will not guard it; Those who guard the forbidden ditch and do not build twelve cities are not good at guarding.

During the Chongzhen period, Zhang Fengxiang, the squire of the military department, once made a statement to Emperor Chongzhen, saying that Sun Chuanting's department was all the best soldiers in the world, and it was the last belongings of the Ming Dynasty, and it should not be moved lightly. However, Emperor Chongzhen did not accept Zhang Fengxiang's opinion and forced Sun Chuanting to fight against Li Zicheng. Sun Chuanting had no choice but to personally lead 100,000 people from Bai Guangen, Gao Jie and other troops to Tongguan, and at the same time Zuo Liangyu went west, and the general soldiers Chen Yongfu and Qin Yiming respectively turned Henan and Sichuan soldiers into horns. The final result was that Sun Chuanting was defeated in Ruzhou, Li Zicheng pursued and killed 400 miles in one day, directly to Mengjin, more than 40,000 Ming troops were killed, and a large number of weapons and baggage were lost, and Li Zicheng easily conquered Tongguan, which had no elite garrison.

However, Li Zicheng, who won the Battle of Tongguan, never imagined that two years later, he would be defeated by the Qing army in the same place.

Before entering the customs, the Qing army had four times to enter the customs, and sent a large number of fine works to the pass, and the danger of Tongguan should be in the hands of the Qing army as early as possible. The Qing court attached great importance to the capture of Tongguan, and Dolgon sent his brother Duoduo to personally lead the army to attack Tongguan, and sent additional troops such as Gushan Ezhen Ahsan and Ma Laxi to cross the river through Puzhou, Shanxi Province to assist in the expedition, and urgently transferred red-coated cannons for tackling key problems.

On December 29 of the first year of Shunzhi, the Battle of Tongguan began. Liu Zongmin, the commander of the Dashun army, fought first and lost. On the fourth day of the first month of the following year, Liu Fangliang led his troops to battle, but was defeated by the Qing army; Li Zicheng personally led the horses and infantry to meet the battle, Duoduo ordered the Eight Banners to counterattack with all their might, and the Dashun army lost again, and the infantry suffered a lot of losses. On the fifth and sixth days of the first lunar month, the Dashun army continued to attack the Qing army camp at night, but it did not achieve any results. On the ninth day of the first month, the Qing red-coated artillery army arrived; On the 11th, the Qing army advanced to the Tong Pass, and the Dashun army "dug heavy trenches and erected strong walls" to strengthen the defense.

The Qing army first bombarded with red-coated artillery, and then attacked in a big way. Under unfavorable circumstances, the Dashun army still fought tenaciously, trying to turn the tide of the battle, first sending cavalry to counterattack, and then sending some soldiers and horses to return to the Qing army to attack behind the formation, but they were all defeated by the Qing army. At this critical moment, a large number of troops of the Qing Ying Prince Azig have entered northern Shaanxi, although Li Guo and Gao Yigong fought bravely in Yan'an and Yulin, Azig in order to seize Xi'an, only left Jiang Huang, the general soldier of Datong, to lead a group of Ming Dynasty soldiers to continue to attack the city, contain the northern Shun army of northern Shaanxi, but he led the army to the south and advanced to Xi'an.

Li Zicheng knew very well that the main force originally stationed in Xi'an had been transferred to Tongguan, and if he continued to fight hard with the Duoduo Department in Tongguan, Xi'an would inevitably be captured by the Azig Department, and it would be difficult for the civil and military officials, soldiers' families, and important materials of the Dashun regime to be kept. Under the combined attack of the two Qing Dynasty armies, Li Zicheng was forced to decide to abandon Shaanxi on his own initiative and find another way out.

After Li Zicheng withdrew, Wushan Boma Shiyao, who stayed in Tongguan, surrendered to the Qing army, and Tongguan was lost. On the night of the puppet surrender to the Qing army, Ma Shiyao sent someone to secretly send a letter to Li Zicheng, asking him to return to Shitongguan, and he responded from it, attacking inside and outside, and breaking the Qing army of Duoduo. Unexpectedly, the secret envoy was intercepted by the Qing army, and the next day, in the name of hunting, Duoduo set up an ambush at Jinpenkou, ten miles southwest of Tongguan, and then lied about holding a banquet, and removed all the horses and equipment of Ma Shiyao's subordinates, and with an order, the Qing army in ambush suddenly rushed out and slaughtered Ma Shiyao and more than 7,000 soldiers of the Dashun army under him.

When Fang Xianting passed by here, he specially asked the coachman to stop, and climbed to the high place of Jinpenkou with his attaché to overlook from above. Sixteen years have passed, and the bones of the 7,000 soldiers of the Shun Army who were killed in Jinpenkou have not yet been buried, and the bones are only buried in the soil.

Fang Xianting sighed and walked down silently from the height, without saying a word all the way. When the left and right followers saw it, no one made a sound.

After the Qing army retreated to Tongguan, in order to hold the key place of the three provinces, the people who came and went were extremely strict. In order not to reveal his identity, Fang Xianting used a pseudonym, and his identity was also a businessman. For this reason, he deliberately selected a few soldiers from Shanxi in the army, in order to make the Qing army believe that they were Jin merchants from Shanxi.

Although the Qing court sent the minister of the interior, Ji Bilong, to kill the eight imperial merchants on the charge of rebellion, the Jin merchants were far more than the eight families who were raided. Even, many merchants in Shanxi were happy that the Qing court had raided the Eight Families, because the existence of these eight families made it impossible for most of the Jin merchants to come out. People who do business naturally hope that their own industry is as big as possible, and they don't want their business to be threatened by others and give others a piece of the pie, so except for a very small number of far-sighted Jin merchants who think that the Qing court is killing donkeys and unloading the mill, and slaughtering Jin merchants as fat pigs, they must no longer believe them. However, the vast majority of Jin merchants did not have this awareness, but had a closer relationship with the Qing court. Because they think that they are honest businessmen, as long as they don't make rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty will not embarrass them. After solving the eight imperial merchants, in order to appease the hearts of the rest of the Jin merchants, he also made some measures, and after all kinds of measures, the adverse effects of the eight imperial merchants being copied to the Qing court were much lighter.

The identity of the Jin merchants, coupled with the dots all the way, Fang Xianting entered Tongguan without danger. Although Tongguan is an important military town, it has also become a transportation place for thousands of years, and there is a town in Guanzhong. It was almost evening, Fang Xianting wanted to find an inn facing the street and live in. Because of the large number of Manchu and Mongolian soldiers stationed in Guanzhong, most of the original people in Guanzhong fled, and most of the remaining people were businessmen. Wealth and danger are sought, although the Manmeng soldiers are very scary, but they are always people, they want to eat, drink, and play with women, so the business of hotels and brothels in Guanzhong is very prosperous.

Wu Jun's meticulous work had already found out where Li Guoying's residence was, Fang Xianting took people to walk around Li Guoying's residence, and found that there were many Qing soldiers patrolling, and the soldiers and horses in Guanzhong were also tightly organized, and he couldn't help but secretly praise Li Guoying's good governance, but at the same time, he also added some worries to his heart.

Fang Xianting didn't understand why the prince had to rebel against Li Guoying, this person was born in the Han military banner, and he was loyal to the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Besides, even if Li Guoying can be rebelled, it will not be of much help to the Wu army to capture Tongguan, because Li Guoying, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, is no longer worthy of his name, and he will not be able to mobilize the Manchu and Mongolian troops in Tongguan at all. The Manchu and Mongolian armies in Guanzhong were not under the influence of Li Guoying, so how could they expect him to surrender?