Ma Chao's life can be divided into four periods, first the Ma Teng period (176-208), then the independence period (208-213), then the Zhang Lu period (213-215), and finally the Liu Bei period (215-223). Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

【Maten period (176-208)】

According to the "Dictionary" record, Ma Chao's family was also not settled at the beginning, although his ancestor Ma Yuan was one of the founding heroes of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his grandfather Ma Ping once served as a captain of Tianshui Lan, but when he arrived at Ma Teng, he had fallen out and made a living by cutting and selling firewood, and Ma Chao grew up in this environment when he was a child.

Later, Xiliang was turbulent, Han Sui and Li Wenhou rebelled again and again, Ma Teng took the opportunity to join the army, several had military exploits, and the official was the military Sima, when Geng contempt served as the assassin of Liangzhou, because he was a traitor, and commanded indiscriminately in the military, his subordinates were not engaged in the rebellion of Li Xiangru, the Taishou of Longxi County, and Ma Teng also rebelled, and then Ma Teng's power developed rapidly, and Han Sui was considered to be the two major separatist forces in Liangzhou.

During the Li Guo period, Ma Teng, Han Sui and Yizhou Mu Liu Yan once joined forces against the Xiliang Army Group, but suffered a defeat, and after Liu Zhang took the throne, Ma Chao contacted Liu Zhang again, hoping to connect Shu, but was finally rejected by Liu Zhang.

According to the "Yizhou Old Biography", Ma Teng and Han Sui were all connected with Liu Yan, and later Ma Chao and Liu Zhang also corresponded with each other, Ma Chao had the meaning of connecting Shu, but Yizhou County Shouwang Shang told Liu Zhang: "Ma Chao is brave but not benevolent, and if he has interests, he will not consider righteousness, and he cannot be married." Lao Tzu once said: "You can't show your own treasures to others." "Now in Yizhou, the people are rich in talents, and the people are happy, and as soon as the treasures are taken out, they are wanted by cunning people, so Ma Chao and others will covet them. If you attract you to get close, it's like raising a tiger and bringing disaster to yourself" Liu Zhang listened to the suggestion and rejected Ma Chao's request for connection.

In the period of Ma Teng and Han Sui's internal bar, the two sides fought, Ma Chao once fought with Han Sui's brave general Yan Xing, according to the "Wei Luo" record, after the two sides met, Yan Xing tried to stab Ma Chao with a spear, but the spear was broken by Ma Chao, and then Yan Xing hit Ma Chao in the neck with a broken spear, almost killing Ma Chao.

In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Yuan Shang sent Guo Yuan and Gao Gan to invade Hedong, Ma Chao and Pang De and others were sent by Ma Teng to help Zhong Xuan fight against Guo Yuan, and the two sides started a big battle in Pingyang, and Pang De killed Guo Yuan in this battle.

However, according to the "Dictionary", at that time, "Chaohou was engaged in supervising the army for the captain of the Si Li, asking for Guo Yuan, and was hit by the flying arrows. ”

Later, Gao Gan invaded Hedong again, Zhang Sheng, Wei Gu and others also rebelled at this time, and Ma Chao was sent to crusade again, and won a great victory.

Ma Chao's bravery was also appreciated by the imperial court, and he was even appointed as the assassin of Xuzhou, but this appointment was rejected by Ma Chao, and later Ma Chao stayed in Guanzhong to guard the Ma family's lair.

According to the record of the "Dictionary" - the edict worships the history of Xuzhou, and then worships the doctor. and Teng's entry, because the edict is a partial general, so that the Teng camp. He also worshiped his brother Hugh Feng Che Du Lieutenant, Hugh Brother Tieqi Du Lieutenant, and his family members were all in the house, but Chao stayed alone.

[Independence period (208-213)]

After Ma Teng entered the court, Ma Chao became the de facto boss of the Ma family and began his career as a prince. At that time, Cao Cao went south to conquer Jingzhou successfully, but suffered a crushing defeat in Chibi, and Zhou Yu was ready to unite with Ma Chao to fight against Cao Cao, which shows that Ma Chao was famous at that time.

After Cao Cao's defeat in the south, he turned to prepare to seize Hanzhong, but at that time Guanzhong was actually occupied by Ma Chao and others, because of the fear of Cao Cao's false way, Ma Chao and Han Sui and other princes jointly rebelled and started a war with Cao's army, at that time, the Guanzhong coalition army was huge, including Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Yang Qiu, Hou Xuan, Cheng Yin, Li Kan, Ma Wan, Cheng Yi and other large and small princes were involved, and jointly elected the old princes Han Sui as the governor.

But in this battle, Han Sui, Ma Chao and others were turned around by Cao Cao, first lured by Cao Cao and let him cross the river smoothly, and then fell into Cao Cao's divisive plan, and the Guanzhong coalition army was finally defeated by Cao Cao, Ma Chao, Han Sui and others suffered a major blow.

After Ma Chao's defeat in Weinan, with the help of Zhang Lu, he conquered Jicheng, the seat of Liangzhou, killed Shi Weikang, the assassin of Liangzhou, and sent troops to defeat Xiahou Yuan, who was belated, and initially occupied Liangzhou. However, the good times did not last long, Ma Chao only stayed in Liangzhou for more than a year before losing Liangzhou due to the rebellion of his subordinates and was forced to take refuge in Zhang Lu.

After Cao Cao learned that Ma Chao had crusaded against Wei Kang, he executed Ma Chao's father Ma Teng, brother Ma Xiu, Ma Tie and other clansmen in Yecheng, and some of Ma Chao's wives and children were later killed by the rebellion of Yang Fu and Jiang Xu.

[Zhang Lu period (213-215)]

At the beginning of Ma Chao's defection to Zhang Lu, Ma Chao was reused by Zhang Lu, and named Ma Chao as the second highest in the Wudou Rice Dao at that time, and planned to marry his daughter Zhang Qiying to Ma Chao, but under the persuasion of his subordinates, he regretted it. Ma Chao later borrowed troops from Zhang Lu, intending to counterattack Liangzhou. However, Ma Chao led his troops to besiege Qishan for thirty days, but failed to capture it, and then Xiahou Yuan sent Zhang He to bring reinforcements to arrive, Ma Chao did not continue the attack, threw away military equipment as a lure, and withdrew back to Hanzhong.

Zhang Lu's subordinates Yang Bai and others wanted to harm him because they were afraid of Ma Chao's talent, so Ma Chao resigned and fled into Dizhong. It happened that Liu Bei led his troops into Sichuan at this time, and Liu Bei sent Li Hui to marry Ma Chao, who knew that Zhang Lu was not a person who did great things, so he wrote to Liu Bei and asked to be attached.

According to the "Dictionary", Chu Chaozhi entered Shu, and his wife Dong and Ziqiu stayed in Zhang Lu. Lu was defeated, Cao Gong got it, Dong gave Yan Pu, paid Lu in autumn, and Lu killed him with his own hands.

[Liu Bei's period (215-223)]

When Ma Chao defected to Liu Bei, Liu Bei was fighting with Liu Zhang, and Liu Bei was very happy to learn the news, and even said to his subordinates: "I got Yizhou!" So he sent someone to meet Ma Chao, and secretly gave Ma Chao one of his own troops, so that Ma Chao led his troops to besiege Chengdu, and finally forced Liu Zhang to surrender in Kaicheng. After Liu Bei pacified Xichuan, he promoted Ma Chao to the general of Pingxi, and ordered him to be the governor of Linfu Military.

Later, Liu Bei sent troops to attack Hanzhong, first sent Ma Chao and Zhang Fei to fight, which was unfavorable, and then Liu Bei personally led his troops north, and finally occupied Hanzhong, repelled Cao Cao, and won the Hanzhong War. After the war, Liu Bei proclaimed himself the king of Hanzhong, and promoted Ma Chao to the left general. Later, Peng Yi had bad intentions and was reported by Ma Chao.

In the first year of Zhang Wu (221), Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor, worshiped Ma Chao as a hussar general, led the Liangzhou pastoral, and entered the feudal township. And issued a canonization edict: "I have no great virtue, but I was able to inherit the emperor's throne, and succeed the Liu family, Cao Cao and Cao Pi's father and son, and his crimes will be remembered for generations." I felt very sad, very heartbroken. The four seas are resentful of the Cao family, eager to return to the righteous path of the Han Dynasty, in view of the obedience of the Di and Qiang tribes to your appearance, the Xiongnu admire your righteousness. In the light of your faithfulness in the north, and of the great prestige and bravery you possess, you are hereby appointed to you, that you may fly like a roaring tiger and rule over thousands of miles of territory and relieve the suffering of the people. Vigorously promote the fine morality of the imperial court, keep the outside and the inside, and treat rewards and punishments seriously and prudently, so that the blessings of the Han Dynasty will be stronger and more prosperous, so that they can be worthy of the people of the world. ”

The following year, Ma Chao fell seriously ill and died.

Note: Originally, Ma Chao was supposed to end in a single chapter, but there was a lot of content about him, so it was divided into two chapters.