Chapter 131: Good Governance or Bad Governance
Li Yu had actually thought about whether it was monogamy or polygamy that was more in line with the times. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info
In fact, there was a saying of three wives in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is still a good story; In the Han Dynasty, the monogamous and polyandry system was actually adopted, and this system would continue for a period of time, and then the system of three wives and four concubines was really established.
In the Han law, concubines are not even considered people, it is not strange for friends to give concubines to each other, and even it is common for concubines to entertain VIPs; The children of the concubine naturally have no inheritance rights, which is also the main reason why Li Wen can't enter the genealogy of the Li clan in Longxi, if it weren't for him after Li Ling, I'm afraid that he won't even get the attention of his fellow clansmen.
In the system of three wives and four concubines, all those born of three wives and four concubines have the right to inherit. Of course, the status of concubines is low, which makes no difference in any era, until the title of concubine disappears in modern times, and the gap between wives and concubines can be eliminated after the title of "aunt wife" has become popular.
Attacking the marriage system is something Li Yu has always wanted to do. also thought about completely eliminating the monogamous and polygamous system, but when they discussed it privately at that time, neither Lin Ming nor Yang Lang actually agreed.
It has always been the mainstream idea of China, and there are countless people in the big families who have beautiful wives and concubines, and the rich peasants or even middle peasants below will accept a concubine if they have no conditions. If we want to completely eliminate this system once and for all, there is too much social resistance.
War, poor health system is the best accomplice, the people of the feudal era, even the official eunuchs, it is difficult to guarantee a long life, the infant mortality rate is too high, Liu Honggui is the emperor, and several princes have died. The adult rate of children is so low that people always want to have more than one just in case.
In addition, it is precisely because of the concubine room system that during the war, some homeless people fled to other places, and women became other people's concubines, so they may be able to save a small life, otherwise they will either be sold into the Qinglou, or they will die in a foreign land, to some extent, the concubine system is the only guarantee for them to survive.
In other words, the system of one husband and one concubine involves the improvement of medical standards, the guarantee of social welfare, and even the problem of social morality, which cannot be solved overnight, and it will take at least several generations of efforts to solve.
There is also the question, that is, if monogamy is really to be implemented, how should those existing concubines have several concubines, and those concubines should deal with themselves? Is divorce or declaration of marriage not legal?
The social resistance is much higher than imagined, but Li Yu is fully capable of saving the country, so why not set up a transitional system? So the idea of the three-wife and four-concubine system came out, but of course, it was not a rigid copy, and he planned to improve it.
At the beginning of July 191, the National People's Congress was convened, and the content of the discussion was the reform of the marriage system.
The specific reform measures have been bound into a book and sent to every NPC deputy. The system of three wives and four concubines, to be precise, had three wives in the Spring and Autumn Period, and many people did their homework before the meeting, but in the laws of the Han Dynasty and even the Chinese Republic, the monogamous and polygamous system was still used, but everyone did not expect that Li Yu would actually engage in the system of three wives and four concubines.
The family sees a crisis in this system, after all, monogamy can ensure that there is only one lineage, but after the third wife, should the other two equal wives also be considered lineage? It is true that the system of three wives and four concubines means that they can marry more families, so that the daughters who can only become concubines can at least get the status of a flat wife, but it seems to have a great impact on the stability of the family, especially the children of the concubines actually have the right to inherit.
This is simply inciting this part of the existence and competing with the descendants for the right to talk about family finance!
"Ahem, it looks like everyone has arrived, so let's officially start this meeting!" Li Yu personally took the stage, just because he proposed this meeting, it is necessary for him to personally explain to everyone the reason and purpose of formulating this system.
"Everyone has got the documents about this meeting, and I think everyone already knows the content of this meeting." Li Yu looked around at the surrounding representatives, "The content of this meeting is to discuss the reform of the marriage system. ”
After a pause, he continued: "Everyone knows that the marriage system of the Huaxia Republic uses the system of the Han Dynasty. To put it bluntly, it is a system of monogamy and multiple concubines. The concubine is said to be a wife, but it is better to say that it is like an accessory, which can be bought and sold, can be given away, and even if it is killed, it does not need to pay any price.
I also know what you are worried about, and I would like you to understand that the social welfare system of the Republic of China has been improving, and the level of medical care is also improving. The rate of dystocia among pregnant women has dropped significantly, and the birth rate of babies has begun to increase, but the rate of premature death is decreasing.
Among the measures for the reform of the marriage system, there are also restrictions on the legal age of marriage. According to the accurate data, as long as the pregnant woman is over 18 years old, the rate of dystocia will decrease, which is a good thing for both mother and baby.
Of course, this means that a woman's age of marriage must be at least 18 years old. In the past, it was actually a bit late, after all, the sanitary conditions are not good, and the probability of children being healthy adults is not high. In order to avoid extinction, everyone is accustomed to marrying as long as a woman has Kwai Shui, and even if conditions permit, fifteen-year-old boys in the family already have wives and concubines.
Please also take a look at the data table in the appendix, according to the survey results, the physical fitness of men who marry at the age of 18 or older is much higher than that of men who marry at the age of 13 or 4. According to the findings, healthy marriages also increase men's life expectancy, with men who marry only one wife often live to be 70 years old. But men with many wives and concubines, even if they have tonic supplies, often only live to be in their sixties.
Do you agree that a man or a woman must be at least 18 years old to marry, even for the sake of your children? ”
Li Yu originally planned to propose the system of three wives and four concubines at the beginning, but seeing that everyone was silent, he always came to save the country. And with such obvious data, all the delegates could not be unmoved.
Indeed, the level of medical care has indeed improved greatly recently, so the infant mortality rate has indeed decreased greatly. Even if there is any disease, it can be treated in time, and the survival rate of children has improved.
As for the part of the premature death, especially the case of dystocia in pregnant women, if you think about it carefully, it is the same as the data in the appendix, it is precisely because of the relationship between pregnancy and childbirth at an early age. Some representatives even blamed themselves a little, if they let their daughter marry a few years later, maybe they would not have died in childbirth, and one corpse would have killed two lives.
There was no objection to the proposal for the age of marriage, and it was agreed to raise the legal age of marriage to 18.
"And then there's what I said before, the unreasonable part of the concubine system." Li Yu took advantage of the victory to pursue, "Since the problem of mothers and babies, and even the growth of babies, has been solved, then blindly spreading branches and leaves, I personally think it is not necessary."
Not to mention that the educational resources will be directly inclined to the son of the descendant, and the concubine often can't get enough educational resources, which is undoubtedly unfair, the palms and backs of the hands are full of meat, how can you be treated differently because you are a concubine?
My personal proposal is that concubines also have the right to inherit, and concubines should have part of the rights of wives, at least not as accessories of men, and can be killed or resold at will! ”
In fact, only Li Yu was a traverser, somewhat monogamous, and only did not exclude three wives and four concubines. But the others are basically natives of this era, especially those from families, and the fact that the children of the concubine have the right to inherit will undoubtedly infringe on their interests, and the key is to destroy the stability of the family.
There are also some people who will reflect, such as Chen Tao and Yang Lang. Fortunately, at the congress, not all of them were born in families, and many of them did not have the concept of a family, and the concept of a descendant was not yet deeply rooted. Li Yu's sentence 'the palms and backs of the hands are full of meat' did make them a little moved.
At the time of the final vote, more than two-thirds of the people approved of the implementation of this system, so the children of the concubine also had the right to inherit, and the key was the improvement of the status of the concubine, which was also recognized.
Compared with the fact that the children of concubines have the right to inherit, the improvement of the status of concubines is also in line with the interests of many people. Some people's wives are often married to each other, so the relationship between husband and wife is not happy. On the contrary, the concubine is the most intimate, but the status of the concubine in this era is low, and it is impossible to say that the wife can kill the concubine.
A man's career is the most important, how can he always be by his side? When I came back one day, I found that my concubine had been killed by a stick, so I really didn't know where to cry...... In other words, the promotion of the status of concubines is the least resistant.
At the same time, the so-called broken jar is broken, and even the system of three wives and four concubines has been implemented. Three wives are three wives, anyway, since the concubines can compete for the family property, and the concubines can inherit the title, then it doesn't matter if there are two more equal wives.
"The last thing I want to propose is the principle of freedom of marriage and bigamy and heavy taxation!" Li Yu was very satisfied with the result, and only began to announce the key points at the end, and this proposal was actually the most controversial, so it was placed last. Fortunately, everyone has already compromised so much, and it seems that there will not be much trouble if there are more compromises.
Freedom of marriage, that is, it is forbidden to force a woman to marry, or coerce a woman to marry herself, or even use her daughter to pay off her debts because of debts. True freedom of marriage cannot be achieved at this stage, but at least to the greatest extent possible, the rights and interests of the woman must be protected.
The principle of bigamy and heavy taxation is that if you marry more than one woman, you will have to pay a part of the bigamy tax every year from the second one. According to the law, a man can only marry a maximum of three wives and four concubines, in other words, the maximum number of wives and four concubines can be crucified. At the same time, if you marry one more, you have to pay more taxes, and if you marry seven in a row, you will pay a lot of bigamy tax every month.
This tax can be used as a special fund for poverty alleviation to help local people get rid of poverty. As long as people get out of poverty and have a regular income, it will be much easier to find a wife.
This is a transitional policy, and it is clear that there is much less resistance. In the end, two-thirds of the people agreed, and it was successfully implemented. This system will be implemented in the Spring Festival of 192 AD, taking into account the need for policy issuance and publicity.
For those who marry only one wife, the system has little to do with them. In fact, what is really damaged is only the interests of that part of the family. Among the families, the new marriage system is evaluated as 'no less than the Tui En Decree'.
In the Maison, this system is like a bad government. But for most people, it doesn't matter, at most they complain about why they have to be eighteen years old to marry a wife and marry someone, and they can't hold their grandchildren as soon as possible......
Whether this system is bad or good will also need time to be determined. (To be continued.) )