In modern times, whether steam, gas or diesel large ships, the maximum sustained speed is between 25 and 35 knots, and the long-term high speed of the aircraft carrier when retracting and releasing carrier-based aircraft, under low sea conditions, 30 knots is basically the limit, and in the windward state, there is more than 30 knots of deck wind, which is completely sufficient, and it is basically impossible to increase the speed. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

Because the maximum speed of the draft conventional monohull large ship, every time one unit is increased, the maximum power of the main engine required is almost between the quadratic and the cubic of the original unit, that is to say, it is impossible for the conventional ship to increase the maximum speed unlimitedly, because this requires the power of the power system to skyrocket exponentially, which is impossible for the current human internal combustion engine and steam engine system.

Aircraft carriers are highly maneuverable special airfields with surface mobility;

The significance of high maneuverability to take-off and landing aircraft has been mentioned earlier, so as a surface ship, it will inevitably face three threats: underwater, surface, and air, and the underwater danger has always been the biggest threat faced by aircraft carriers;

Although the aircraft carrier is a cow, the danger from under the water is the most deadly;

In the face of threats from other ships in the air and on the surface, aircraft carriers can detect these threats in advance and strike first because of the superiority of carrier-based aircraft in large-scale and large-radius operations and early warning aircraft battlefield perception.

And for underwater dangers, no matter how advanced anti-submarine measures are, they cannot be 100% guaranteed to be reliable, practice has proven countless times, even at present, the aircraft carrier is still most afraid of elusive submarines, especially nuclear submarines,

Modern submarines can only launch submarine-launched missiles from 100 nautical miles away with the support of data links, and modern intelligent torpedoes can launch deadly attacks with multiple salvos dozens of nautical miles away; Once locked by a smart torpedo, any large ship will almost have to sit still, because modern times there are no particularly effective measures against smart torpedoes;

Since the density of water is more than 800 times that of air, the same explosive yield, the power of explosion in water is many times stronger than that of an explosion in air, and any ship hit by a torpedo is more destructive than being hit by missiles and artillery shells, and the destructive power is much more serious, and a destroyer of seven or eight thousand tons can resist a direct hit by two or three Harpoon missiles. It will not sink immediately, at least half of the crew will have time to abandon ship and flee for their lives, or have time to extinguish the fire and rush to repair it;

However, if the same destroyer is directly hit by an MK heavy torpedo, the keel will be directly blown off, the whole ship will be split in half, and even if the crew is not immediately shocked to death, then no more than 20% will be able to escape, and if it is directly hit by a heavy torpedo, there is almost no need to rescue again;

If a destroyer is like this, then the same is true for aircraft carriers, an aircraft carrier of 6-100,000 tons can be directly hit by 10 harpoons, but will not sink immediately, while the same aircraft carrier, if it is directly hit by 2 or more heavy torpedoes, then there is absolutely a danger of capsizing, at least it must be tilted immediately and lose its combat effectiveness, and the aircraft carrier that loses power will become a real giant target, and its fate will be very tragic;

Since World War II, submarine torpedo anti-aircraft carriers are the most efficient and cost-effective, sinking more than 30,000 tons of Yorktown aircraft carrier's little devil's submarine, only a thousand tons, because as long as it can launch heavy torpedoes, the size of the submarine itself does not matter, the smaller the concealment, the better;

At present, conventional submarines and nuclear submarines can carry heavy intelligent torpedoes and long-range submarine-launched anti-ship missiles, while nuclear submarines and AIP conventional submarines can be ambushed in a large range for more than a few weeks, so the threat of advanced submarines to aircraft carriers has not only not decreased, but greatly increased the threat coefficient;

In the face of various advanced conventional and nuclear submarines, it is almost difficult for aircraft carriers to detect and strike ahead of time like other surface ships and aircraft, because advanced submarines are extremely concealed, and they can attack from a long distance, and it is becoming more and more difficult to counter-attack submarines in advance;

As a kind of floating ship on the surface, no matter how powerful it is, there is a danger of sinking, even if it is not sunk, once it is hit and tilted or loses power, it will completely lose its combat effectiveness, so compared with the aircraft carrier and the land airport, the ability to resist the war is much weaker, the land airport will never sink, even if it is blown out of the big hole, it can be filled in and continue to be used, and once the aircraft carrier is directly hit, or even hit by a heavy torpedo from underwater, then it will be scrapped or even sunk.

It is difficult to counter submarines in advance, so there is only one way for aircraft carriers to counter submarines, and they can't afford to hide, that is, to avoid and disengage from the submarine as soon as possible through high maneuverability and high speed;

High speed, high maneuverability, to the aircraft carrier itself and the aircraft carrier formation, is of great significance, high speed is very positive to the carrier-based aircraft, and the anti-underwater submarine threat is equally important, conventional submarines, it is difficult to exceed 20 knots underwater, and when using the AIP system to cruise operations, it can hardly exceed 5 knots;

Nuclear submarines can be underwater for more than 30 knots, but no matter how advanced the nuclear submarine, once the underwater exceeds 20 knots, then the noise will increase exponentially, to about 30 knots, and it is impossible not to be exposed, so even if the advanced nuclear submarine, the general underwater will not exceed the cruising combat speed of 20 knots, close to 30 knots, and it will only be used when it is exposed to escape for its life, or when it follows the formation at high speed.

Therefore, as the main force of surface warfare, the aircraft carrier and its formation, can maintain a high speed for a long time, for its own combat and evasion of underwater threats, is a very important tactical parameter, once the aircraft carrier formation more than 30 knots sailing, and constantly change direction and maneuver in the vast waters, then whether it is a conventional submarine or a nuclear submarine, it is difficult to ambush such a formation, and a conventional submarine wants to pursue the nuclear submarine formation, at present, it is simply not possible.

There is an exponential relationship between the maximum speed of large ships and the power output, and for modern aircraft carriers, 27 knots is basically the minimum threshold for speed;

Large ships with a full displacement of more than 50,000 tons, basically there is no maximum speed of more than 35 knots, and civil ships do not exceed 30 knots, modern large civil ships with high speed, generally container liners, cruising speed can reach more than 20 knots, and the most advanced sustained speed can reach 25 knots, which is already the highest speed of large ships galloping at high speed on the ocean. The Panamax class is 5 to 70,000 tons, and the super Panamax class is more than 80,000 tons, and the largest container clipper is about 100,000 tons, with a hull width of nearly 50 meters and a length of more than 300 meters; Just looking at the hull, it is basically similar to the size of the American supercarrier, wide body, and length, but the deck of the aircraft carrier is relatively large, and the upper part is wider, and the width of the waterline under the deck of the aircraft carrier is also between 45 meters and 50 meters, which is very similar to the container liner, and has a bulbous bow that wears the waves;

Regardless of whether the aircraft carrier is a civilian clipper, the hull is full of 100,000 tons and the speed is 35 knots, which is already the current technological limit of mankind, and if you want to achieve more than 100,000 tons and ships with more than 35 knots, it will not be possible to do it in at least 20 years.

Some people say that the aircraft carrier will be more than 300,000 tons? Then, this is equivalent to the hull size of a super tanker or super ore ship, such a large ship, generally a hypertrophied ship type, that is to say, the length-to-width ratio, basically can not exceed 7, that is, the length of the ship does not exceed 350 meters, the width of the ship is generally 60 meters or even larger, this fat ship type, no matter what power system, will not exceed the maximum speed of 25 knots, the same super tanker and ore ship, the maximum cruising speed is only about 15 knots, or even lower, because the timeliness of these goods is not strong, It's acceptable to go slower, but you can't do it faster, the motivation can't stand it, and the cost can't stand it. Technically, it can't be done either. Some people say, why should the ship type be so fat, a 300,000-ton ship, can't it be 50 meters wide and more than 400 meters long, and sail at high speed? In fact, this can not be done, because the strength of steel is limited, it is impossible to make the ship infinitely long, human beings so far, has not made more than 450 meters of giant ships, because more than 400 meters, has exceeded the stress length of the steel structure itself, such a long ship, needless to say that the triangular wave breaks the keel, even under the small wind and waves, the maximum speed of large ships, and power output, is an exponential relationship, and modern aircraft carriers, 27 knots is basically the minimum threshold of speed;

Large ships with a full displacement of more than 50,000 tons, basically there is no maximum speed of more than 35 knots, and civil ships do not exceed 30 knots, modern large civil ships with high speed, generally container liners, cruising speed can reach more than 20 knots, and the most advanced sustained speed can reach 25 knots, which is already the highest speed of large ships galloping at high speed on the ocean. The Panamax class is 5 to 70,000 tons, and the super Panamax class is more than 80,000 tons, and the largest container clipper is about 100,000 tons, with a hull width of nearly 50 meters and a length of more than 300 meters; Just looking at the hull, it is basically similar to the size of the American supercarrier, wide body, and length, but the deck of the aircraft carrier is relatively large, and the upper part is wider, and the width of the waterline under the deck of the aircraft carrier is also between 45 meters and 50 meters, which is very similar to the container liner, and has a bulbous bow that wears the waves;

Regardless of whether the aircraft carrier is a civilian clipper, the hull is full of 100,000 tons and the speed is 35 knots, which is already the current technological limit of mankind, and if you want to achieve more than 100,000 tons and ships with more than 35 knots, it will not be possible to do it in at least 20 years. (To be continued.) )