PS: Sorry, it's late, it's raining heavily and there is a power outage.

After returning to the village, Jian Chen first went to visit his grandmother.

The old grandmother has been coughing badly these days, and Yu Qian'er is asking some past stories next to her, leading to some topics of interest to the elderly, and sure enough, as Chen Jian advised, there is not a single fresh word.

The old grandmother's eyes sparkled, recalling the past, telling her grandchildren and nagging stories that had been told many times.

Yu Qian'er always found what the old grandmother wanted to say the most, and even deliberately said something stupid, so that the old grandmother had the opportunity to show her wisdom and experience.

When the old man saw Jian Chen, he asked with a smile, "Why don't you go about your business?" I'm just coughing, don't worry. ”

Chen Jian knew that only by making his grandmother feel that he was still useful, that was the greatest filial piety, so he asked, "Grandmother, how old is the newborn child?" ”

The old grandmother looked at Jian Chen, smiled and shook her head, "It's very small, it's crumpled." When you were born, you didn't cry, your mother was so scared that her body stiffened, and I slapped your ass hard to make you cry. ”

Recalling the past, he smiled, and felt warmer.

She had been cold lately, and even though the children had brought in a lot of furs, and sewn galoshes and gloves out of rabbit skins, the blood was still like cold, sticky mud, and she did not like to look at the trenches that had been dug up, for it had just rained, and she thought of her own blood, which was getting colder.

Jian Chen listened to his grandmother talk about his birth, and he laughed too.

"By the way, grandmother, you asked Yu Qian'er to use mud to pinch a clay figure the size of a newborn child, especially the head should be about the same size. She hasn't seen her yet, you tell her how to pinch it. ”

"Okay, Yu Qian'er, go dig the mud."

When Yu Qian'er went out, the old grandmother stretched out her hand and touched her grandson's hand and said, "Jian, how long will it take for the wheat to turn yellow?" ”

"A few months."

"Oh."

The old grandmother tilted her head and thought for a moment, patted the back of Jian Chen's hand and said, "Go and get busy with you, good boy." I'll pinch that clay figurine out as soon as possible. ”

Jian Chen respectfully exited the room, turned around and looked at the closed room, sighed, and prayed silently.

He knew why the old grandmother would ask when the wheat was yellow, but the wheat was yellow, and there were beans, copper and iron, and wooden boats and carriages, and you had never seen them yet.

Leaving here, I found the tanuki who was making a flue for another tribe.

After adjusting his mood, he asked, "How many fish have you changed?" ”

"Five hundred pounds. Our tribe can divide one hundred and fifty catties, I have asked Yu Qian'er. ”

"Take people, don't do these things for now, go build a kiln." He wanted to hurry up and show his grandmother a lot of things she hadn't seen yet.

The tanuki wiped the mud on his hands on the wall at will, took his own improvised tools, called the few people who had been out of work for three months to practice the kiln, and followed Chen Jian to the river.

Chen Jian called the pottery and charcoal burners again, a total of more than 40 people, they knew that if Chen Jian let them stop what they were doing, there would definitely be something better to appear, and they were very excited.

Looking at the topography of the river, a small wharf will be built in the future for the convenience of transporting goods.

Copper ore certainly cannot be transported in birch bark boats, it is too easy to capsize, and the draft is deep when it is loaded with ore, so it is necessary to take into account the situation that it cannot be docked.

He took a stick and probed the depth of the water nearby, chose a suitable spot, and inserted a stick as a marker.

Looking back at the nearby riverbank, the copper furnace had to be located higher to prevent flooding, and also to prevent the kiln from damp due to groundwater seepage.

I found a place 200 paces away from the future wharf, where the ground is high and the ground is solid, so that it is convenient to build roads to transport ore in the future.

He hadn't seen anything like a furnace, but he had roughly guessed that it should resemble a flower pot with a lid.

After the copper ore is smelted, it melts into copper juice, and the remaining slag will also melt, and when the time comes to open the hole under the "flower pot", the copper juice will flow out.

Copper has a large specific gravity, and the melted slag will float on top of the copper juice, like plugging the hole below in a flower pot, pouring water and oil into it and dividing it into two layers.

After the water flows out first, the oil also flows out, and then the material is refilled.

It is estimated that this should be the case, the slag melts well, and the pre-technology burnt lime has been pointed out, and the lime can be used as a flux for the slag to reduce the melting point of the slag.

Only when the slag melts can it be discharged smoothly, otherwise, a copper kiln will have to be wasted every time it is refined, and the current productivity cannot afford to play at all.

There should be two vents on the side wall of the "flower pot", and a blower should be used to blow air into it, so that the charcoal inside can be burned and the temperature will be raised, otherwise the temperature will definitely not be enough.

The blower is good to say, four or five wooden rings or pottery rings, one every other foot, the outside of the collapse of a layer of animal skin, each time pulled, the distance of the wooden rings from one foot to extremely close, the animal skin is discharged by compressed air.

After straightening, because there are wooden rings and pottery rings as bones, they will become cylindrical cavities again...... Think of it like a leather rafter that leads to a toilet.

The clay tube acorns of the vents can be fired completely, and this one is the least difficult.

A few masons with a somewhat professional eye were called in, and they drew a rough sketch on the ground, a bit like the shape of an upside-down goat's milk bag, with a pointed top and a large bottom.

Acorn came over and took a look and said, "Ken, how hot is this kiln?" In those charcoal-burning kilns, some of the bricks inside were burned and smooth, and they were almost as slippery as ice to the touch, and if they were too hot, they could not be used. ”

Jian Chen didn't think about the material, thought for a while, and said, "It is estimated that it is hotter than burning charcoal." ”

"Then you'll have to use yellow clay and clay to tamp it up."

"Well, listen to you."

After discussing the material issue, Chen Jian said: "Then let's dig a pit first, and the ground must be tamped solid, otherwise the water will seep upward." It is best to leave two flues below to make a fire to prevent the kiln from getting wet. ”

"The flue is fine, we can build stones and bricks. You mean to build the kiln on top of the flue? ”

"yes, can you hold it?"

"It should work."

A few new "apprentices" rushed back to get all kinds of tools and began to dig a pit. Chen Jian and the rest of the "big workers" carried stones and bricks here.

In the dug pit, two flues were first built, covered with stone slabs, and then the loess was backfilled, and thirty or forty people tamped it together, and lit it to be solid and hard.

It took a whole day, and after a day of making sure that the rammed earth layer below was very strong, it began to mix with yellow clay and clay, which are extremely sticky, and it was very difficult to get along, but fortunately, there were many people.

Make a clay blank from yellow clay and clay, and first dish out the bottom. Although the principle is similar to that of a flower pot, the opening must not be at the bottom, but at the side near the bottom. Make two holes that slope downward, one high and one low.

The high ones flow out of slag, and the low ones flow out of copper juice. Scrape these two holes as smoothly as possible to facilitate the flow of molten metal that does not flow well.

A deep pit was also dug under the copper in advance, so that it was convenient to use clay pots to receive copper juice in the pit; The side where the slag comes out is directly the hillside, and the slag can be thrown directly down the hillside, and there may be metals such as gold and silver in the slag, but now these two metals are meaningless and cannot be refined, so they are directly regarded as waste - gold is the value given by people, and it is not as good as a sickle for the current tribe.

The sloping vault is not a difficult task for the tanuki, and the dome with a diameter of only one step or so is much simpler than that of the charcoal kiln.

Anyway, I have been practicing my hands for three months, practice makes perfect, and I also have the heart to let a few "apprentices" see their skills, and the base is fast.

In advance, the clay pipe of the air blast is inserted diagonally down in the middle position, and the feeding port and exhaust hole are left at the top, which is basically such a thing.

As for whether it is easy to use, you have to wait until the first furnace of copper is fired to see the effect.

The thickness of the copper furnace is about one and a half feet, which is enough to insulate the temperature.

The ceramic pipe of the ventilation hole is one foot more, and the thermal conductivity of the pottery is very poor, so there is no need to worry about scorching the skin of the blower.

I brought a few pieces of nitrate skin, found a good sewing hand in the tribe, sewed the skin, smeared the fish maw glue on the possible air leakage, and put a skin patch to plug it.

After it was done, Chen Jian pulled it and felt that the effect was not bad, and it took a lot of effort to prove that the air tightness was okay.

In this way, smelting a furnace of copper, not counting the problem of ore and rotation, requires at least six people: two push blowers, one to dig slag, one to connect copper, one to open and close the copper valve, and one to be ready to feed at any time.

And counting the ore, the problem is even more: two people need to select the material, two people are responsible for smashing the copper ore, and one person is carrying charcoal here. It takes two people to burn charcoal, seven people to chop firewood, and at least ten people a day to mine back.

Counting this small copper furnace, the entire industrial line needs thirty light and strong men completely out of agricultural production.

At the current level of the tribe, such a stove can be provided by the food exchanged.

In this way, it is blister copper, which is very soft and can only be melted and cast with blunt objects, and is not as hard as stone. So two more furnaces needed to be built, one for smelting tin ore, and the other for melting blister copper and tin in a furnace with a clay crucible to form a bronze alloy.

Seventy people were needed to get out of agriculture to get to work, and the tribe couldn't afford it now, so it had to be divided into three days: the first day of copper smelting, the second day of tin smelting, and the third day of pouring.

It's just a primitive industry, and not any tribe can afford to play it, and it definitely won't work if you change the other tribes in the village anyway.

One success can certainly be used to exchange food, but other tribes can't succeed in a few times.

Chen Jian estimated that if he changed to another tribe, the entire tribe would starve to death in a month.

This is the power of industry, even if it is primitive and rudimentary.

PS: A friend suggested that I write about nationalism, well, that's too out of place. Nationalism began to pull before the great unification, what are the consequences?

Play a stalk: Qin Wei because of a century-old feud in Hexi, and then Hexi staged the last lesson, and the children cried bitterly and could no longer learn Qin language; Where is the poet of the Jin Kingdom crying bitterly? I couldn't find her on the map, and after the unification of blood and fire, I angrily shouted that the Jin State was a higher nation, and the rest of the nations had to refine soap; The people of the Song Kingdom, who had once leveled the town of Chu, revolted again and restored the country, Mozi invented the kite and named it Song in honor of his motherland; The famous poet Qu Yuan died of illness in the war of the Bashu people against the invasion of Qin, leaving behind an unfinished long poem; When the Qi State was about to die in the seventy-two cities of the Yan State, an ugly peasant girl named Zhong Lichun stood up, claiming to have been guided by the ancestors, and raised the red flag of the Qi State to drive away the Yan people, but was betrayed by the clansmen and tied to the stake and slandered as a female goblin; King Chuzhuang did not sound for three years, in fact, he disguised himself as an apprentice to go to Haojing to investigate, and after coming back, he formed a new army to tie his hair and tie his hair; King Wuling of Zhao reformed the military system, claiming that the Three Jin Dynasty could only be unified by iron and blood......

It doesn't seem to be fun, so nationalism is still after unification.

Before the development of transportation and communications to a certain extent, the Western Zhou Dynasty seized the vacuum territory and the colonial assimilation of the difference between the countries and the wilderness, which was the most effective method that had been proven, and only when the productive forces developed could they be unified.

In the case of a sparse population and a productivity similar to that of the Shang Dynasty, the unification of tens of millions of square kilometers was carried out, and racism was carried out by relying on these two hundred people, and all other tribes were killed.

There are tens of thousands of Fang countries and 800 princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they are not unified, not because the ancestors are stupid, but because they can't do it.

Above: When it is time to write about the blood of the national war, Bi Haoqi will be written for a long time.

Another: I have a mother, how can I discriminate against women?

The freedom of women stems from the fact that in industrial society they can earn money to support themselves, rather than the protagonist saying that men and women should be equal, so men and women are equal.

The three-year life span of primitive textile mills, five years of leukemia in modern shoe factories, the scalps of machines crushed into machines in the age of steam, and the labor of men who filled trenches in place of the world wars were the reasons for their standings, not by anyone's word.

Every time a new technology appears, you can see that it is a double portion.

spinning hemp while farming; hunting and fishing at the same time; The first thing that came to mind was not the axe and sword, but the forceps, so that women could become obstetricians and gynecologists. Three times, it really wasn't written casually, it was really thought out in advance.

Every time something a man can do, he will make a job suitable for women, and the protagonist is really protecting the status of women, but there is no time to shout mouth cannons, materialism, mouth cannons are useless.

So I don't think I'm happy to discriminate against women~ I'm wronged, but I didn't shout.

Thank you for your support, the recent heavy rain is too busy, forgive me for not having time to read the book review area, it's not that I don't want to interact with everyone, I don't have time when it's raining.

I wish the scholars in the southern Hong District a safe and secure life.