The telegraph appeared for the purpose of the train. There has to be a means of communication that runs faster than a train, so that the railway managers know exactly where each train is.

At this time, the basic materials for the invention of the telegraph (batteries, copper wires, electromagnetic magnetic inductors) were already available, and in 1837, Cook and Wheatstone in England designed and manufactured the first wired telegraph.

What did Morse do! He invented the code for the telegraph, also known as the Morse code, which actually used dots, crosses, and blanks to represent English letters and numbers.

The Morse telegraph code consists of two basic signals: a short dot signal "dot", read "drop", a long signal "—" that is maintained for a certain period of time, read as "click", and the interval time is drop = 1t, click = 3t, intercharacter = 3t, word = 7t.

Then the past SOS is represented by three short, three long, three short, three short, three short represents the letter S, and three long is the letter O, but pay attention to the spacing between the letters.

Then it is represented by light and tapping, which is "short light dark short light short light dark long light dark long light dark long light dark long light dark short light light short light light short light

Well! How did you get to this point, then continue to rip off the basics of asking for help.

Sounds and lights for help, huh! It's all out. Then there is another way to call for help in smoke, the way to call for help is actually very simple, that is, to put the smoke in the sky once in a while, instead of lighting a pillar of smoke to tell you that you are in distress, but to let the column of smoke form a paragraph, so that everyone knows that you are in distress.

The general method of fire distress is to set off three piles of flames, the flames are arranged in a triangular shape, and the interval between each pile is equal, it is ideal to keep the fuel dry, and once a plane passes by, light it as soon as possible to call for help, of course, it is best to light the fire in an open area.

The flag signal is that a flag or a piece of brightly colored cloth is tied to a wooden stick, and when the stick is waved, it is long on the left side and short on the right side to make a figure-8 movement. If the distance is close, you don't need to draw 8, you can simply swipe it, long stroke once on the left side, short stroke once on the right, pay attention to the time of stroke, long stroke is slightly longer than short stroke.

In fact, the original international distress signal of SOS is outdated, and it was eliminated in 1999, and the new international distress signal is "FILL". Because this signal is the easiest to make, so simple that you can easily pile up such a signal on the beach with some debris. Of course, this signal should be large enough that people can see it on an airplane, and generally a character is 10 meters long and 3 meters wide, with an interval of 3 meters between characters.

This international distress signal is still very cheating, and the Titanic was pitted by this international distress signal.

SOS is no longer used as a distress signal, and now it is generally a verbal distress call, the first paragraph of the distress call is MADAY, and before 1908 the British used CQD (Come On, Danger) as a distress start.

Before the sinking of the Titanic cruise ship in 1912, the operator on the cruise ship had been sending a distress signal with CQD, but the CQD distress signal was abandoned as early as 1908, and no one paid attention to this signal until the ship was about to sink.

Generally speaking, the operator will listen to the beginning of the radio signal before receiving the telegram, whether it is the telegram sent by the boring operator to another boring radio operator, or whether it is a commercial wireless telegraph station calling another commercial wireless telegraph station, or even an amateur radio station calling another amateur wireless telegraph station, and God knows if the boring radio operator wants to use the radio to chat with other radio stations. There are people all over the world in the sky to play, which is a bit like the shake of WeChat now, so the beginning of this radio signal is quite important.

It's like we use WeChat's shake to find friends, we shake it, and other people's nicknames or something come out, and then we take a look, send a request, and if they accept, we can talk.

But if the call to your radio signal is wrong at the beginning, that is, our nickname is garbled, do you think you will talk to him? That's how important it is to start a radio call.

The Titanic's operator mistakenly kept sending outdated distress signals, of course, no one would pay attention to them, and the last time the correct signal was sent, they missed it because the operator of the other ship temporarily left his post.

The international maritime distress frequency is 500KHZ and 2132KHz, the coast station of any country now has an automatic alarm system, if the distress can be easily called on the two frequency bands, but generally speaking, Morse code is SOS, voice is MAYDA-Y or distress (this is easy to use near China) to contact the coast station, and then dispatch rescue through the coast station.

When there is no radio, the best long-distance communication is the cable telegraph, and the telegraph has a very serious defect, that is, the content of the telegram can only be known by the person who sends the telegram, and it is difficult for the person who receives the telegram to confirm the authenticity of the telegram.

This also gave Gao Hongsheng an opportunity to take advantage of the asymmetry of information to deceive.

The main task was to sift through the photos of the American fleet shelling Manila City, to cover up the situation in which the Americans were trapped, and to give everyone the illusion that the Americans were attacking Manila City, so that the Americans could rest assured.

As for why the telegram was not sent in Manila City, it was a pity that there was no telegraph in Manila City at that time, and the telegram had to be sent to Hong Kong, and of course Shanghai at that time could also send international telegraphs.

Hong Jincai and the news they want to send is that the Americans are attacking Manila City, and now Manila City is left in ruins under the shelling of the Americans, and the Spaniards will inevitably surrender soon after, as for the Spanish Asian Detachment defending Manila City, they did not see it, and it is estimated that it was sunk by the Americans, otherwise how could there be a situation where the Americans shelled Manila City without seeing the Spanish Asian Detachment to defend it.

When Hong Jincai and Major Horthy arrived in Hong Kong, they compiled a small boat that had gone through a lot of hardships and risked being accidentally injured by the warring parties, sneaked into Manila City, and obtained first-hand information and real photos of the fighting between the United States and Spaniards in Manila through the Chinese compatriots in Manila, and they sold these news and photos to reporters from major newspapers stationed in Hong Kong at a high price, and after these false news were spread, the whole world was boiling.

The major newspapers in Hong Kong immediately published the miserable scene of Manila City after the bombardment by the Americans, especially the broken corpses covered with ruins and gaps, and the corpses waiting to be buried in white sheets in front of the cemetery.

There is also a picture of the baby waiting to be fed helplessly pushing and shaking the dead mother, in a vain attempt to wake up the mother to breastfeed, and it is even more cruel and naked in front of the eyes of these civilized people, there is no more cruelty only blood beyond people's imagination.

The American reporters who stayed in Hong Kong and reporters from other countries deduced from these photographs that the Americans had defeated the Spanish Asian Detachment and were attacking Manila, and that they would soon win victory in the Philippine Theater.

Thanks to the cable telegraph, which is a technological product, the whole world suddenly knew about the victory of the Americans and their brutality, and the victory did not bring any glory to the Americans, but set off a wave of atrocities in the whole world criticizing the Americans for shelling Manila City, causing a large number of civilian deaths, and the Americans were synonymous with outright executioners.

For the sake of this deception, the Spanish ships left behind in the sea off Manila Bay disguised themselves as sheep that escaped from the tiger's mouth after a big war, but the sheep also had dignity, and with their small horns, which were not too sharp, they watched the waterways in and out of Manila Bay, and did not allow any ships to enter or leave Manila Bay, blocking the real situation inside.

At the same time, after more than a week of sailing, Gao Hongsheng and his team also arrived at Guam, the first stop of their expedition, shortly after they arrived in Hong Kong.