He took out the sulfur powder that he had prepared, wiped away the mercury that might have splashed on his body, turned around and said, "May I ask you, what is that empty space?" Is it air? I don't think so, otherwise there would be bubbles coming out from underneath. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 info then since there is no air, and there is nothing, it can be called a vacuum there. ”

Turning around, he picked up a plaster pen and wrote the word mercury on the black wooden board, and said, "As you saw just now, my senior brothers used small jars and kegs when they carried mercury. Why? Because mercury is too heavy. ”

This is a truth that everyone knows. Moreover, it has long been measured that the weight of mercury on one side is thirteen and a half times that of water. ”

"So you also saw just now, the height of mercury in the glass tube is two feet three inches, may I ask everyone, if you change to water, how high can it rise? At least how long is it to create a vacuum? ”

As soon as the words fell, dozens of people below had already calculated their mouths, and their thoughts had been completely mobilized by Chen Jian. This kind of simple arithmetic is not a problem at all for those who are doing it here today.

"Three feet and one feet."

Jian Chen nodded, turned around and wrote the number three zhang and one foot on the wooden board, and said, "That is to say, if there is a glass tube of three zhang and two feet, the water will stay at most three zhang and one foot, and another foot will be completely vacuum." ”

"I can make this kind of glass tube, my glass workshop has the best glass craftsmen and the most perfect glass, but I can't bring such a long glass tube to the capital. If you are interested, you can go to Mincheng, and I will prove it to you. ”

Chen Jian picked up the pen again, drew the glass tube and mercury on the wooden board, wrote the height, and said, "Why did the mercury rise to a height of two feet and three inches?" It's because the air is qualitatively intangible, so it's the air that pushes the mercury to this height. ”

"Some people will say, if so, does it mean that each of us has the power of mercury two feet three inches high on the top of our heads? If so, aren't people crushed to death? ”

There are already many people below who nod their heads frequently, seeing is believing, which is irrefutable. But after seeing it, there is a conflict with the common sense that seeing is believing, and the world seen in the eyes is real? Or is it the truth? Do you need to look at the world from a different perspective?

But after Jian Chen finished speaking, he smiled and said, "Let me sell it, we will explain this question later." The Tao is to understand the world, to explain the world, and most importantly, to change the world. I would like to ask you, what is the use of you saying that we know the existence of a vacuum? How can you change the world? ”

The train of thought of the people below was suddenly interrupted, but there was no unhappiness, on the contrary, they stared at Jian Chen with curiosity, and recorded everything just now on the pen and paper one by one.

Chen Jian took out another set of glass tubes, connected them, and heated them underneath. A thin tube sticking out of the glass tube is inserted into the water, and the large glass bottle contains water, to which some water-soluble dyes of fuchsia are added.

Glass is the mother of experimentation because it is transparent and allows a straight view of what is happening in it.

The flame burned, the water in the glass bottle gradually boiled, and Chen Jian said, "I think many of you should have read my hypothesis. I said that any object has three forms, solid, liquid, and gaseous. It's the same with water, which can be turned into ice and can be turned into gas. It's the same with air, it's just that it's not cold enough to become liquid, let alone steel-solid. ”

"Now, then, look at it."

Jian Chen extinguished the lamp that heated the glass bottle, silently said not to explode, picked up a scoop of cold water and poured it on the glass bottle.

When it came to this, people were not shocked. On the contrary, they nodded their heads after seeing the fuchsia water rising rapidly along the glass tube and being sucked directly into the glass bottle. When it was heating, some people had already guessed about it, and by the time Jian Chen splashed the water, some people had already thought of the ending.

Jian Chen shook the glass bottle that gradually changed color and said with a smile: "Look, this is changing the world. As you all know, the coal mine near Mincheng is different from the coal mine near Laoyucheng, it is not an open-pit mine, so there will always be water seepage in the pit. ”

So, according to this, is it possible to change the world? If this is not glass, but a huge iron pot, the water vapor formed by pouring cold water on it creates a vacuum, allowing the atmosphere to press up the water in the pit. Of course, according to the calculation, we can know that under the assumption of perfect conditions, the height of this lift is three zhang and one foot, excluding air leakage, sealing and the like, two zhang can always be achieved. ”

"Today, let's say you need 10 people in a pit, and if it leaks, you need three people to drain it. But if this kind of machine that relies on a vacuum appears, it only needs one person to make a fire and water it. And this machine can do the work of dozens of people, and it never stops. How much coal can be dug up? How many people who can't afford it in the first place can use it? Correspondingly, silk reeling, dyeing, weaving, and rinsing can all be reduced in price? Isn't that the way to change the world for the better? ”

The people below nodded repeatedly, imagining this kind of machine, and couldn't help but be moved.

"Ladies and gentlemen, since vacuum or thin air can suck up water, does it have the power to compress the air?"

Chen Jian took out a U-shaped glass tube, one side was sealed, and the other end was open. The opening end is much higher than the sealed end.

Still, lift the mercury and gently put it into the glass tube, so that the bottom of the mercury just plugs the bend of the glass tube.

"At this moment, you can see that the mercury is equal on both sides. The air on both sides is not compressed, so it is equal. ”

Jian Chen lifted the mercury jar and slowly added the mercury into the glass tube.

With the injection of mercury, the two sides of the glass tube began to show a height difference. After calming down, Jian Chen drew a mark on both sides with ink.

"Behold, the column of mercury at one end of the seal rises a little more than it was just now. Why? Because there is more mercury on this side, the volume of air on the other side of the pressure becomes smaller. In other words, when the volume of air becomes smaller, there is a force to return to its original state. Therefore, it can support such a high level of mercury, so the weight of the mercury that is higher on this side is equivalent to the strength of the compressed air on the opposite side to restore its original state. Everyone agrees on that, right? Of course, there can be many interpretations, but I only use this one. ”

"If someone says that maybe there is some kind of ghost and god controlling it, it is not necessarily unreasonable, as long as you are willing to believe this reason."

Everyone laughed, and Jian Chen also laughed, and said, "So guys, do you say that the volume of this air after being compressed has anything to do with its strength?" If I have to guess, there is a relationship, and there is a relationship that is perfect and arithmetic can be expressed. ”

Once again, mercury was poured into the glass tube, this time exactly twice the height of the previous time. After drawing the scale again, a few people re-measured the height of the air on the opposite side with a precise ruler.

Instead of flocking forward, the crowd waited quietly for an answer. In fact, there is an answer in their hearts, and it is a perfect answer, and many people here are convinced that all the inner Tao of the world is perfect.

When Jian Chen read out the gap between the two times, the people below shouted: "According to your inductive method, increase it again!" ”

This is not a question, but a common witness to the birth of a theorem that depicts the world with arithmetic, and the expectation of the heart.

After the third refill of the mercury steady reading, applause erupted.

Chen Jian picked up his pen and wrote down the first theorem in big letters on the wooden board.

"In the dosing of gases in closed containers, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume at a constant temperature."

After writing the first theorem, Jian Chen said: "Since this is the case, there are two ways to increase pressure. First, the volume of compressed gas. Second, keep the volume unchanged and increase the amount of gas, which is actually a kind of compression in disguise. Right? ”

"Well, if this is the case, what kind of changes can this theorem or principle bring to the world? This time, I'll ask everyone to come around and take a closer look. ”

After receiving the invitation, everyone gathered around, and many people could not see it behind, so they simply put the small wooden bench at their feet and let the people in the first row sit down.

There was a crowd in the dark, and there were more people outside who wanted to rush in.

Chen Jian finally carefully took out an "artifact", an artifact composed of glass tubes, wood pieces, copper rivets, connecting rods, copper pipes, eucommia rubber tubes, and water glass tubes.

People looked curiously at this extremely strange artifact in front of them, but it revealed an indescribable mechanical and geometric beauty, and they didn't know why.

The glass tube is sealed at one end and plugged at the other end, and is strong when bonded with water glass.

A hole was opened in the center of the plug, and a copper pipe was sticking through the hole of the plug, and Jian Chen was applying castor oil to the copper pipe.

There is a very light wooden piston on the light copper tube that penetrates into the glass tube, and the two ends of the glass tube are connected to two thin copper tubes and a hose of eucommia gum, and the place where the tubes are connected is a very precise linkage device, and there is an air inlet and outlet below.

The copper tube connecting the piston and the copper tube connecting the air inlet linkage device are connected side by side to a light runner, making it a perfect linkage device.

Some people who have learned simple hydraulic mechanics can see at a glance that as soon as the copper tube connected to the piston moves back and forth, the little runner will spin.

Similarly, once the small runner is turned, the set of connecting rods parallel to the sides also moves, thus constantly blocking one of the two air intakes that leads to the glass tube, and perfectly ensuring that the exhaust port is only exposed when the piston reaches one end.

It's a very beautiful, but very simple, little machine, little toy that doesn't have any practical value.

Next to this small machine, a small copper boiler was ready, connected to the intake pipe of the diverter box, carefully prepared for sealing.

Chen Jian took out a piece of homemade honeycomb coal, mixed it with saltpeter, drew a phosphorus sulfide match, and lit the honeycomb coal with half a piece of paper.

Honeycomb coals and matches are no longer enough to arouse the exclamation of these people, because they have no mind, because their brains and logical thinking tell them a terrible and unimaginable consequence: the steam in this copper boiler will make this piston move!

This is evident from the perfectly fitting connecting rods and the experiments that have just been shown that compressed air is powerful.

They even believed that if they found a butcher who slaughtered pigs and cows and blew the snorkel with his mouth, the piston would move back and forth!