Confucianism upholds the rule of etiquette, advocates the rule of virtue, and attaches importance to the rule of benevolence. Etiquette requires that the noble and the low, the humble, and the young and the old each have their own special rules of conduct. Only when the noble and the low, the noble and the low, the elder and the young, and the relatives and relatives have their own courtesies, can we achieve the ideal society of the monarch, the minister, the father, the son, the brother, the younger brother, the husband, and the woman in the Confucian mind. The stability and chaos of the country depend on the stability of the hierarchical order. Confucian etiquette is actually a form of law, which is centered on maintaining the patriarchal hierarchy, and if someone violates the norms of etiquette, they will be punished by punishment.

The focus of Confucianism lies in the rule of virtue, that is, the idea of using morality to influence and educate people. Confucianism believes that a person, regardless of human nature, good or evil, can use morality to influence education. This kind of education is a kind of psychological transformation, so that people's hearts will change towards goodness, and they will know shame without evil hearts. This is the most fundamental way to teach people to do good, and it is not something that can be done by legal sanctions. If the rule of virtue emphasizes a process of education, the rule of man emphasizes the quality of the educator himself. Confucianism believes that personality has a strong charisma, so on the basis of rule by virtue, we must pay attention to improving the level of politicians and teachers. Confucianism once served feudal society, but it cannot be said that Confucianism is feudal thought. Confucianism is not bound by the times, and in contemporary society, it is still full of vitality and serves the whole society.

Confucius had 3,000 disciples, so he summed up many effective education methods, such as "reviewing the old and learning the new", "there must be my teacher in the three-person line", "learning without thinking is reckless, thinking without learning is doomed" and so on. Confucius was even called "the master of all ages" by later generations. In the world, Confucius is known as the first of the top ten celebrities in the world, which shows the status of Confucius in the hearts of the people of the world. The other nine were Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Copernicus, Francis Bacon, Newton, Voltaire, Kant, and Darwin. There may be some names that we are not too familiar with, they are all tycoons in the field of philosophy, with profound philosophical background, and have created a lot of precious wealth for the world.

The important influence of Confucianism on society is that it created a set of theoretical and ideological systems for the feudal ruling class to govern the state and society, and allowed the Chinese ruling class to successfully apply them in practice. The final result of this is that China has reaped the glorious history of the development of human society in feudal society for more than 2,000 years, and China has brought into full play the superiority and advanced nature that feudal society should have, and has reaped splendid achievements in civilization, which is unprecedented in the world. All of this is largely due to Confucianism. Confucianism is the foundation of the Chinese nation's standing in the world before, at present, and in the future. The essence of Confucianism lies not in its theory of governance, the feudal system is only the institutional shell of the society at that time, the essence of Confucianism lies in its social ethics, and one of its ideals is social harmony and order, which also echoes the theme of today's times. Confucianism will never become obsolete, and it will gradually reflect its own unique superiority while gradually adapting to the development of the times.

On "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith", Confucianism has its own views. Benevolence means benevolence and righteousness, which refers to being able to achieve harmony and harmony and care when getting along with others; You can't just think about yourself in everything, put yourself in the shoes of others, think about others, and love others. Righteousness, the word is at the beginning, add a little, take the lead when others are in trouble, be able to give up, help others; The main body in front of the word righteousness is me, and when I am doing righteousness, I must be sober-minded, that is, we must clearly understand what is righteousness. Etiquette, bending down oneself will elevate others, and only ears full of grain will bow their heads, which means that only those who are truly virtuous and talented know how to be humble and courteous. Wisdom, from knowing from the day, and thinking through the things in daily life, is wisdom. Faith, human words, is something that is summed up from human words, and words must be believed; The knowledge of the world around us that others have bought with their lives or blood is faith, and if we don't believe, we may suffer.

Where there is righteousness, there is unrighteousness. To give a few examples: for example, if you are unjust to your parents, your parents are at fault, and if you don't point it out, you are trapping your parents in injustice. For example, if parents like to smoke and drink, their children not only do not persuade them, but buy them, which is not suitable; If parents start to use violence and do not run away as children, it is also unjust. To treat a friend and make him spurned by others is to trap others in injustice. In addition, there is also the term "ill-gotten gains", ill-gotten gains are property that should not be obtained or obtained by improper means, and ill-gotten gains should be returned. There is also a saying in Confucianism that is more shrug-not: if you do too much injustice, you will kill yourself, which means that if you do too many unrighteous things, you will definitely reap the consequences.

4. Middle Way China

The Chinese character is the core noun of the Chinese people for 5,000 years, and the Chinese character is composed of a "mouth" and a "丨", "mouth" is the body of the avenue, representing virtue and self-cultivation; "丨" is the use of the avenue, representing talent and ability. Only when a person is physically useful can he conform to the middle way, which means that he can be called the middle way only if he has both ability and political integrity. It represents the Chinese humanistic philosophy, is the Chinese code, the body of the avenue is benevolence, friendliness, forgiveness, peace, the use of the avenue is the only essence. Middle Way thought is the main idea of many schools, and now we can try to understand it.

(1) The Middle Way of Confucianism: the highest philosophy of life

"The Mean" believes that the heart is upright and impartial is called "middle"; Joy, anger, and sorrow have been expressed, but according to the law is "peace." China is the fundamental state of the world, and harmony is the ultimate destination of the world. Achieving neutrality is the fundamental purpose of all movement changes, heaven and earth have their own place, and all things grow smoothly. To a certain extent, neutrality and harmony are the same thing, so we can grasp harmony with the standard of harmony, and we can also understand harmony with the spirit of harmony. Zheng Xuan, a master of scripture in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, once said: The principle of governance can be transformed into moral principles and even daily thinking rules. In fact, this is a manifestation of the spirit of moderation, because only some people have homes, and only with families can there be countries, and the truth is the same. And Confucius said that the highest way to live in the world is probably the mean; The golden mean is not far from people, and if someone follows the golden mean and stays away from the crowd, then the golden mean cannot be called the way.

The correct rational principle must be applied to reality and be tested by actual conflicts of interest, that is to say, the reason why the Middle Way can be called Tao is because it absolutely plays an important role in social practice. In fact, the golden mean is essentially the way to prevent conflicts, resolve contradictions, maintain cohesion, and achieve balance. In the face of the test of practical interests, the golden mean will show strong practical value. A person who follows the golden mean, in the face of many tests in reality, can be clear-headed, keep himself, and not be changed by the environment. Extending the humanistic idea of moderation, guarding against deviation, and pursuing justice to the realm of nature, so that man and nature can truly live in harmony, there is a way to neutralize.

Neutralization is also just right, the relationship between people is harmonious, and the relationship between society is harmonious. But in the process of harmony, we must be clear that the harmony between people is principled, and we should take etiquette as the standard, use etiquette to control our behavior, incorporate all our words and deeds into the norms of etiquette, and speak and do things that are completely consistent with our position, so as to achieve harmonious coexistence in the true sense.

The use of courtesy, harmony is precious, so that the society can be harmonious, stable and developing. However, for those who are harmonious for the sake of harmony, but do not use courtesy to grasp harmony, this is called deviation. Harmony has become the style of harmony, harmony, and being a good person, which is also not good, this is just under the banner of harmony, but the specific implementation is not harmonious everywhere. Confucius said: Gentlemen are harmonious but different, villains are the same but not harmonious. It means that the gentleman stresses harmony and does not seek harmony, and the villain only seeks complete unity, but does not pay attention to coordination. The sages have given us a concrete and great path, but it is not so easy to achieve such a state of cultivation when we are both principled and united and harmonious.