"Yes, China is not much behind Europe, and we have every time to catch up!" President Meng said with a resolute gaze. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

Princess Katrina Kafu glanced at Sophia, who was lying in Timothy Lee's arms, who was already asleep, and said to Emperor Hua with a smile: "In fact, there is not much difference, the main difference is in heavy industry, if our heavy industry catches up, our development speed will be accelerated!" ”

"No, the main thing is not the problem of industry, before industry catches up, people's minds must catch up first." There is no smile on Hua Huang's face, which is rare, and Hua Huang usually speaks with a smile, unless he is talking about a very serious issue.

Princess Katrina Kafu nodded, "It's true, conservative thinking, in China, still occupies the mainstream, many parents enjoy their children's literacy, the right to go to school at the same time, just want their children to complete primary school, so as to make money for the family as soon as possible, do not realize that knowledge can bring them more, this trend of thought, will greatly hinder our development." ”

President Meng shook his head and said, "You're right in part, but that's still not all." ”

"And not all?" Geig couldn't help but ask, "So what's all there is to it?" ”

"Science and technology are the primary productive forces, there is no problem, but if you want the whole people to pay attention to science and technology, the premise of attaching importance to education is that the people must also have national literature, which has been imprisoned for too long!"

"The literature of the nation?" Zhao Qingluo covered the book, raised his head, and whispered, his face turned red after speaking, this was the first time Zhao Qingluo participated when Emperor Hua was speaking.

Catherine glanced at Zhao Qingluo with a smile, meaning to encourage her to speak.

"Yes, in the early 19th century, the main trend of European and American literature was romanticism, and in the late 19th century, the main trend of European and American literature was realism. This is more than the deep-rooted Confucianism in Huaguo, especially the dross of Confucianism, I don't know how much to civilize, and people are now in the stage of realism.

The French bourgeois revolution in 1789 completely destroyed the feudal autocracy in France, established the dominance of the bourgeoisie, strongly shook the feudal order of European countries, and brought the people the hope that an "ideal kingdom" would come to the world.

But the ideal kingdom is nothing more than an idealization of the bourgeois kingdom, and the post-revolutionary reality is war and poverty, a sharper class antagonism, and the social and political system established by the 'triumph of reason' is a satirical picture of great disappointment compared to the ornate promises of the Enlightenment scholars.

In this historical background, the utopian socialist trend represented by Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen spread rapidly, and the German classical philosophy represented by Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel raised the value of human subjective spirit to an unprecedented height, and romantic literature also came into being. ”

After listening to Emperor Hua's words, everyone was thoughtful, and Timothy Lee made a rare speech: "Romantic writers are extremely dissatisfied with the reality of capitalism, often idealizing the non-capitalist way of life, and focusing on the expression of subjective ideals.

The antipathy and disgust for the ugly social reality led the romantic writers to love the landscape and eulogize nature, and the protagonists of the works often lived in strange natural environments or exotic distant tribes. Romanticism appeared as the opposite of classicism, they criticized the rules and precepts of classicism, paid special attention to medieval folk literature, and obtained the nourishment of popular language, rich feelings, and free and unrestrained forms from folk literature.

But it is wrong for them to glorify the patriarchal system of the Middle Ages, and even to put forward the slogan of returning to the Middle Ages. ”

"Yes, the main achievement of Romantic literature was poetry, especially lyric poetry, followed by drama and fiction. These works have gorgeous rhetoric, vivid metaphors, and rich and diverse artistic techniques, but their narrative works also have shortcomings such as loose structure and excessive plot branches.

Romanticism emerged in Germany at the end of the 18th century, and then quickly spread throughout Europe and as far away as the Americas, becoming a worldwide literary trend.

In the thirties of the 19th century, tremendous changes took place in European society, and in Britain, France, and other countries with the most developed capitalism, the industrial revolution brought about the consolidation and development of bourgeois regimes, and at the same time, the reactionary and ugly features of capitalism were increasingly exposed, and the contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the broad masses of working people deepened day by day. President Meng continued Timothy Lee's words: "There is no such problem in China, because our capitalist economy was established in a state of peace, and on the other hand, our industrial base is still very weak and still in the most basic stage, so what we have to do is mainly to guide domestic public opinion, which is very difficult." ”

Hua Huang pondered this issue carefully, and because the contradictions of capitalism itself were increasingly exposed, the empty calls and abstract protests of the romantics were far from satisfying the needs of the times.

As a result, European writers returned from the ideal sky to the "solid" land, deeply exposing and criticizing the various contradictions of society and the existing order.

This literary trend was called critical realism by Hua Huang.

"Your Majesty." Yakoterina Klimova is a good hand at governance, but her culture is not high, but her understanding is relatively high, she usually reads fewer books, and she can do specific things, these literature or something, she doesn't care very much, so she can only pour a glass of water for Emperor Hua.

President Meng took the cup and nodded to Yakoterina Klimova, although the two of them did not have any substance, but Hua Huang could see from Yakoterina Klimova's eyes that she had fully accepted herself, and whether it was with a look of adoration, or let Hua Huang secretly refresh.

A few women and Timothy Lee listened to Emperor Hua talk about European literature with great interest, which is rare, and the Emperor is generally interested in politics and military affairs, and rarely talks about literature, but when can literature and politics be separated?

"It is necessary not only to transition Chinese literature to the stage of realism, but also to avoid being too realistic, and still to maintain some excellent parts of traditional Chinese studies, which is very demanding for educators." Gege raised his hand and spoke, "And, isn't Your Majesty afraid that we will go astray?" Everyone uses the same set of European literature, and everything has to be criticized, will it be chaotic? ”

"Critical realism is progressive in this day and age! To be clear, of course, they have their own limitations. President Meng was very relieved to see that Jiegege was on the point, and his Jiegege was not a simple little girl anymore, "Gege said very well, that's it, this is indeed a difficult point." We must be very clear and very clear about what stage our country will go to in the future, and then how our literature needs to cooperate with the development of the country and enrich the spiritual life of the people. ”

Seeing that the emperor agreed with his words, Jiegege was very happy, and leaned on the side of Hua Huang's arm with a smile.

Hua Huang smiled, "Then do you have any good ideas?" ”

Jie Gege shook his head, "I've been thinking about this, but I can't think of any good way, it seems that in this way, we will slowly improve the literacy rate, slowly develop industry, and slowly improve the living standards of the entire Chinese society, in the future, the common people should be able to automatically generate our own Chinese literature, right?" It's hard to change this with the power of the government, right? ”

After listening to what Jie Gege said, President Meng said, "What do you mean, don't do anything?" ”

Jiegege's face turned red, "I don't know, it's not like doing nothing, strengthening patriotic education, strengthening the education of loving Your Majesty, loving the Huacui Party, is there anything else?" ”

President Meng looked at Princess Katrina Kaf, Princess Katrina Kafu seemed to be about to speak, and Emperor Hua smiled: "The princess can say whatever she wants, it's all her own people here." ”

"The development of natural science and the spread of materialist philosophy in the 19th century broadened the horizons of writers, helped them deepen their knowledge and understanding of social laws, and provided huge spiritual resources for the development of critical realism.

Most of the critical realist writers were born in the middle and middle bourgeoisie, and they criticized the remnants of the feudal forces and the big bourgeoisie in power from the perspective of bourgeois humanism, and criticized everything that violated human nature, but it was difficult to find the right way to change society. This ideological background makes critical realism's critique of reality pessimistic.

Critical realism inherited and developed the realist tradition of Renaissance and Enlightenment literature, and advocated that literature truly reflect social life.

Writers often regard themselves as scribes of society, trying to write their works as a record of the times, expanding the understanding and reflection of life in literature to an unprecedented breadth. One of the outstanding characteristics of critical realist literature is that it truly reflects the broad picture of social life and exposes reality quite profoundly.

Brilliant critical realist writers reflect the richness and profundity of social life, arguing that they provide richer historical information than historians, economists, and statisticians combined. Princess Katrina Kafu nodded, and then continued with Hua Huang's words.

"In fact, the path they have taken, especially the changes in European society, is a very useful reference for the current China, and can save us many detours. Critical realist writers not only observe social life with a rigorous attitude, analyze social events, and strive to achieve the truth of social details, but also pay attention to selecting typical cases to concentrate, summarize and process, and reflect the broad picture of the times by shaping typical characters in typical environments. The most dominant literary genre of critical realism is the novel, which develops the novel into a full-fledged literary style, making this literary genre an encyclopedia of social life, an epic of the times. But the development of critical realism was extremely uneven. ”

Geger blinked, "I also know this, that European critical realist literature arose in France in 1830 and later developed in England and other Western European countries. From 1861 to 1871, the reform of serfdom in Russia, the Civil War in the United States, the unification of Italy and Germany, and the revolution of the Paris Commune in France all had an impact on the development of literature. After 1870, in Britain, France and other countries with developed capitalism, critical realism tended to decline, and all kinds of aestheticism, formalism and naturalism emerged one after another in the literary circles of Western Europe, but in Russia and the Nordic countries, where economic development was backward, a large number of accomplished writers were produced, which developed critical realism to a peak. Knowing this, does it have anything to do with what His Majesty said about guiding the literary trend of China? ”

Princess Katrina Kafu blushed, in fact, Princess Katrina Kafu didn't think too specifically, but was asked by the Chinese Emperor, and said that she must know something, "I haven't thought about it well, I think that the literature that can best match the economic development of China at present is the most suitable literature for China, and if you want to develop industry, you have to say more about how the feudal system is rotten and how the emerging industrial civilization is progressing." ”

President Meng smiled: "Then aren't you following the old path of Europeans?" Moreover, folk literature is indeed difficult for the government to control. ”

Princess Katrina Kaaf blushed and said no more.

"Then what does Your Majesty mean exactly?" Seeing that Princess Katrina Kafu didn't know, Gege shook Hua Huang's arm and asked coquettishly.