In February of the third year of Zhang Wu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to entrust the future with Li Yan. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoIn April of the same year, Liu Bei died. In May, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne in Chengdu.

【White Emperor City Tuogu】

In February of the third year of Zhang Wu (223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong'an, and summoned Zhuge Liang from Chengdu to entrust the future. He said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times better than Cao Pi, and you will definitely be able to stabilize the country and complete the great cause of reunification." If Liu Chan can assist, you can assist him; If he doesn't have talent, you take his place. Zhuge Liang cried bitterly and replied: "The minister is willing to do his best to assist the prince, dedicate his loyalty and discipline, do his best, and die!" Liu Bei also told Liu Chan: "You and Prime Minister Zhuge are in charge of state affairs, and you must treat him like your father." ”

When Emperor Liu Bei of the Han Dynasty was critically ill, he entrusted Prime Minister Zhuge Liang to assist in supporting the crown prince, and asked Shangshu to order Li Yan to assist, and on April 24 of the same summer, the ancestor Liu Bei died in Yong'an Palace at the age of 63.

After Zhuge Liang played, the lord said: "The late emperor Buren Shide, the grace is boundless, and the heavens did not give auspiciousness, so that he was seriously ill and died suddenly on the 24th of this month. Obeying the edict, state affairs were transferred to the crown prince. During the mourning period, the appearance and behavior should be considered properly, the hundred officials mourn, remove the mourning clothes after three days, and then act according to the funeral on the day of the funeral. The minister Zhuge Liang personally received the admonition of the ancestors, feared the gods of the ancestors, and did not dare to disobey the will. The minister requested that the notice be followed. In May, the corpse was transported from Yong'an Palace to Chengdu, and was nicknamed "Emperor Zhaolie". In autumn, August, he was buried in Huiling.

【Huang Yuan Rebellion】

Huang Yuan, the Taishou of Han Jia, heard that Liu Bei was ill, and he had always been at odds with Zhuge Liang, and was afraid that once Liu Bei died, Zhuge Liang would be retaliated against after taking power, so he raised troops to rebel and burn Linqiong City. At that time, Zhuge Liang went to visit Liu Bei's illness, and Chengdu's defense was thin and empty, so Huang Yuan was even more unscrupulous.

Yang Hong immediately started the crown prince Liu Chan and sent his personal soldiers, generals Chen Cao and Zheng Xuan, to crusade against Huang Yuan. Everyone argues that if Huang Yuan could not besiege Chengdu, he would occupy Nanzhong from Yueshan. Yang Hong said: "Huang Yuan has always had a fierce temperament and does not pay attention to kindness, how can he do this? He just wanted to go down the river to the east, hoping that the Lord would be safe, and he would be arrested and put to death; If the lord has any misfortune, he will only defect to Soochow to beg for his life. Ordered Chen Cao and Zheng Xuan to arrest him only by intercepting him at the mouth of Nan'an Gorge. Chen Cao and Zheng Sui did what Yang Hong said, and they captured Huang Yuan alive, and it is said that Huang Yuan's personal soldiers tied him up at that time, and after sending him to Chengdu, Huang Yuan was beheaded.

[Liu Chan's life history controversy]

Regarding Liu Chan's life experience, although there are some controversies in "Wei Luo", but after a specific analysis, the relevant records on "Wei Luo" are unconvincing, Pei Songzhi has explained this in detail, so I won't talk about it specifically.

According to "Wei Luo": The first preparation was in Xiaopei, but he didn't expect Cao Gong to die, let alone abandon his family, and then went to Jingzhou. Zen was a few years old, hidden, followed people to the west into Hanzhong, and was sold. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an, Guanzhong was in turmoil, and Liu Kuo, a man who helped the wind, avoided the chaos and entered Hanzhong, bought Zen, asked his conscience, and raised him as a son, married a woman, and gave birth to a son. When the first Zen and the preparation were lost, he knew his father's word Xuande. The Bishe people have the surname Jane, and prepare for Yizhou and Jane as a general, and prepare Jane to Hanzhong and Shedu Di. Zen is simple, simple and simple, everything is verified. Jian Xi, in the language of Zhang Lu, Lu (Nai) [for] wash Mu sent Yizhou, Bei Nai Li thought that he was the prince. At the beginning, Zhuge Liang was the prince and the prince, and Zen Li, with Liang as the prime minister, entrusted with everything, and Liang said: "The government is governed by Ge's family, and the sacrifice is widowed." Liang also took Zen as not idle in politics, so he was always inside and outside.

Chen Song's case: The second concubine said that "the latter lord was born in Jingzhou", and the latter lord passed on the cloud "at the beginning of the emperor's throne, at the age of seventeen", and Jian'an was born in the twelfth year. Thirteen years of defeat in Changsaka, ready to abandon his wife to go, Zhao Yun said, "Yun body hug the weak son to avoid", that is, the queen also. In this way, preparation and Zen have not tasted each other. Zhuge Liang also led the Yizhou pastor next year to Zen Li, and his year and the main book Du Weishu said "the court is eighteen this year", which corresponds to the Zen biography, which should be true. And Yu Fengyun was defeated by Xiao Pei, born in the Zen year, and Ben Jingzhou, able to recognize his father's word Xuande, when he was five or six years old. When preparing for defeat in Xiaopei, Jian'an was five years old, to the beginning of Zen, twenty-four years at the beginning and end, and Zen should be over twenty. It is not reasonable to test each other. This is Wei Luo's delusional words, and even more than 200 words, which is different! The secretaries and Zhuge Liang are also in the case, and Liang is not the prince and the prince.

[Liu Chan succeeded to the throne]

In May of the third year of Zhang Wu (223), Liu Bei Lingshu was transported from Yong'an Palace to Chengdu, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne as emperor in Chengdu at the age of seventeen. He respected Empress Wu as the empress dowager. Amnesty the world, change the yuan and build the country.

Soon after Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he named Zhuge Liang as the Marquis of Wuxiang and set up the Prime Minister's Office, allowing Zhuge Liang to choose his own subordinates and handle state affairs with full authority. Soon, Zhuge Liang was also appointed as the pastor of Yizhou. No matter how big or small the political affairs of the DPRK and China are decided by Zhuge Liang alone, so far Shu Han has entered the era of Zhuge Liang.

[Brief discussion of "White Emperor Tuogu"]

In history, the White Emperor City Tuogu is very famous, and now there are many people discussing whether Liu Bei is really ready to hand over the country to Zhuge Liang, but before that, it must be clear that the White Emperor Tuogu is not an isolated case in the history of the Three Kingdoms, but there is a precedent, that is to say, this model has been used by someone before Liu Bei.

As early as the fifth year of Jian'an (200), before Sun Ce died of serious illness, he entrusted his younger brother Sun Quan to Zhang Zhao, and said to Zhang Zhao: "If Zhongmou does not do anything, you will take it yourself." is not overcome, slowly returning westward, and there is nothing to worry about. ”

In addition, Sun Ce Tuogu and Liu Bei Tuo Gu are also very similar in other aspects, Sun Quan was only eighteen years old when Sun Ce Tuo was lonely, and Liu Chan was seventeen years old when Liu Bei Tuo was lonely, the two were close in age, and they were not very old. At the time of Sun Ce's death, there were many strong enemies outside, except for Liu Biao in the west, the relationship with Cao Cao in the north was not good, and the internal situation was also turbulent because of the death of the master, and when Liu Bei died, Shu Han had been hit in a row, the national strength was greatly declined, internal and external troubles, and the situation was also very bad.

It can be said that Liu Bei Tuogu in the White Emperor City gave Zhuge Liang is a copy of Sun Cetuo Gu to Zhang Zhao, and later, whether Zhang Zhao or Zhuge Liang, both of them did their best to assist the new master, and there was no rebellion. As a hard-working entrepreneur, Sun Ce didn't want to hand over the foundation he had worked so hard to outsiders, and Liu Bei certainly didn't want to, the reason why they expressed this meaning to their ministers was not really ready to hand over the country to them, but to express their trust and increase the authority of the ministers.

This has two functions, one is to make Zhang Zhao and Zhuge Liang and these ministers grateful, so that they can do their best for the new master, and at the same time, they also have the intention of guarding against them, even if they have the intention of rebellion in the future, but because they have received great favors, the words have already been spoken, but it is not good to act.

The second is to let the inexperienced new lord know awe, after all, Sun Quan and Liu Chan have no experience, and they are still young, although they have become a prince, they still need the assistance of Zhuge Liang and Zhang Zhao, so Sun Ce and Liu Bei gave them vaccinations in advance as a constraint.

However, compared with Zhuge Liang, Zhang Zhao's ability is much worse, and Sun Quan is also much stronger than Liu Chan, so Sun Cetuogu is not famous in later generations.