In the first year of Yankang (220), Liu Bei suffered a major loss again after the defeat of Guan Yu and lost Jingzhou, when Liu Feng and Meng Da stationed in Shangyong and other places were at odds, Meng Da could not bear the oppression of Liu Feng, defected to Wei, Cao Pi reused, and Xiahou Shang, Xu Huang and others jointly defeated Liu Feng and took away Shangyong and other counties.

Afterwards, Liu Feng fled back to Shu and was ordered by Liu Bei to commit suicide.

【Changes in the Three Counties】

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Guan Yu crusaded against Cao Ren, and sent envoys many times to ask Liu Feng and Meng Da, who were stationed in Shangyong and Fangling, to send troops to support, but the two of them had not been occupied by the three counties of Shangyong for a short time and did not dare to leave easily. After Guan Yu was defeated, Liu Bei blamed Liu Feng and Meng Da for this.

The following year, the contradiction between Liu Feng and the contradiction intensified, and the two hated each other and fought against each other, and Liu Feng soon snatched Meng Da's honor guard band. Fearful of his crimes, Meng Da was also very resentful of Liu Feng, so he bid farewell to Liu Bei (Note 1) and led his subordinates to surrender to Wei. According to the records of "Zizhi Tongjian", Meng Da led more than 4,000 troops to surrender to Wei at that time.

After Meng Da surrendered to Wei, he was reused by Cao Pi, the king of Wei. At that time, Cao Pi appreciated Meng Da's talent and appearance, and appointed him as a regular attendant of the loose cavalry, a general of Jianwu, and a marquis of Pingyang Pavilion. He also merged the three counties of Fangling, Shangyong, and Xicheng into Xincheng County, and used Meng Da to serve as the Taishou of Xincheng (Note 2), and later sent Xiahou Shang, the general of Zhengnan, and Xu Huang, the right general, to attack Liu Feng together with Meng Da.

After Meng Da surrendered, Liu Ye once admonished Cao Pi, he believed: "Meng Da has the mind to seek and obtain, and relies on talent, good use of means, must not be grateful for the picture, loyal and righteous." Xincheng is connected with Wu and Shu, and if there is any change there, it will cause disaster to the country. However, Cao Pi did not transfer Meng Da to another position after all.

In history, the reason why Meng Da was able to get such trust and reuse from Cao Pi, the king of Wei, was that on the one hand, Meng Da's appearance and demeanor were quite good, but more importantly, the timing of Meng Da's surrender was too important for Cao Pi. As the saying goes, "it's better to be in a hurry, it's better to be in a hurry", the time point of Meng Da's surrender happened to be between the time when Cao Pi inherited the king of Wei and was not yet the emperor, at this time Cao Pi urgently needed to accumulate his prestige, on the one hand, he needed to stabilize the position of the king of Wei that he had just gotten, on the other hand, he also had to prepare for the emperor, and at this time Meng Da surrendered, which can be said to be a timely rain for Cao Pi, and Cao Pi repaid the favor, out of the need to buy bones and horses, of course, reused Meng Da, after all, Meng Da was the first Shu Wu general to surrender himself, I don't mean what I mean.

To say more, although Meng Da eventually rebelled as Liu Ye expected, it also had a lot to do with the situation in Wei at that time.

Meng Da, together with Xu Huang, Xiahou Shang and other generals, led troops to attack Liu Feng, and Meng Da personally revised the book to persuade Liu Feng to surrender (Note 3), but was rejected by Liu Feng, and then Xicheng Taishou Shenyi rebelled against Liu Feng, and Liu Feng's army was defeated and fled back to Chengdu. Shangyong Taishou Shen Tan surrendered to Wei again, Wei appointed Shen Tan as the general of Huaiji, moved to Nanyang, Shen Yi was Wei Xing Taishou, was named a member of the country, Tunzha Xunkou.

In history, although the two brothers Shen Yi and Shen Tan both took refuge in the Wei State, in fact, there is a big difference between the two, the younger brother Shen Yi surrendered voluntarily, while the elder brother Shen Tan was actually forced to surrender. Shen Yi had rebelled when Meng Da, Xu Huang, Xiahou Shang and others led troops to crusade against Liu Feng, and Shen Tan had to surrender to Wei after Liu Feng's army was defeated and fled to Chengdu, so Cao Pi because Shen Tan was not voluntarily attached, so he was deprived of his military and political power, gave him the title of General Huaiji, moved him to Nanyang to live, idle at home, and deprived him of his title, and transferred his brother Shen Yi to the marquis of the country, and still retained the post of Taishou.

In this way, the three counties were regained by Wei, and Liu Bei's forces in Jingzhou were completely lost.

【Liu Feng's Death】

After Liu Feng returned to Chengdu, Liu Bei blamed him for bullying Meng Da and did not rescue Guan Yu. Zhuge Liang considered that Liu Feng was fierce and brave, and it would be difficult for Liu Bei to subdue and control after his death, so he persuaded Liu Bei to take this opportunity to get rid of him. So Liu Bei gave Liu to seal him and let him commit suicide. Liu Feng sighed and said, "I really regret that I didn't listen to Mencius's persuasion!" Liu Bei wept for him.

In history, the reason why Liu Feng did not listen to Meng Da's advice and was unwilling to surrender was because Liu Feng was different from Meng Da, Liu Bei's imprint on him was too deep, Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son, and it was very likely that he would inherit Liu Bei's family business, so Meng Da was willing to surrender, but Liu Feng did not surrender, and then again, the relationship between Liu Feng and Meng Da was not good, and it was normal for Liu Feng not to listen to Meng Da.

And later Liu Feng died, one of them was when Guan Yu crusaded against Xiangfan, Liu Feng and others did not send troops to rescue, at that time Guan Yu controlled Jingzhou, Liu Feng and others occupied Shangyong and other places can actually be regarded as Jingzhou territory, they obeyed Guan Yu's orders There is no problem, even if Liu Bei has not assigned Shangyong and other places to Guan Yu, they are also friendly forces, and they should also help.

The second is to force Meng Da, Meng Da will rebel and Liu Feng has a direct reason, originally Meng Da was Liu Bei sent to seize Fangling, Shangyong and other places, but later Meng Da killed Zhuge Liang's brother-in-law Kuai Qi, Liu Bei was worried that Meng Da could not do it, so he sent Liu Feng to support, and the two jointly seized Shangyong, and then Meng Da actually became Liu Feng's deputy, and Liu Feng was arrogant, relying on his high status, Liu Bei's adopted son began to oppress Meng Da, and finally forced Meng Da to rebel.

Of course, the reason why Liu Feng was forced to commit suicide was because he was not Liu Bei's biological son, and threatened Liu Chan's inheritance, Liu Bei did not die before Liu Bei, Liu Feng had no problem, but as soon as Liu Bei died, Liu Feng, as an adopted son, was brave and extraordinary, this is a big problem, so Liu Bei finally forced Liu Feng to commit suicide under the advice of Zhuge Liang, in order to avoid future troubles, which is basically the same as the death of Cao Zhang.

In history, Liu Bei still had a lot of feelings for Liu Feng, and he shed tears for Liu Feng after his death, while Liu Bei rarely cried in history.

Note 1: Wei Luo Zai Da said in the first table: "His Royal Highness Fu Wei will build Yi and Lu Zhiye, chase Huan and Wen's merits, create major events, and fake Wu and Chu, which is a promising person who has a deep sense of interest." The minister's commission has come, and the sorrow is accumulating, and the minister still knows that the situation is in the king's place! Today's dynasty is prosperous, handsome and scaly, there is no auxiliary weapon in the ministers, there is no talent of generals outside, and the heroes are listed as heroes, and they are ashamed of themselves. The minister heard that Fan Li knew the micro and floated in the five lakes; The culprit apologized, and he cruised on the river. Between husband and wife, please beg for your life. How? If you want to go, you can divide it. The ministers are despicable, have no meritorious deeds, are tied to the times, admire the former sages, and think far away from shame. Xi Shensheng was suspicious of filial piety, Zixu was loyal to the king, Meng Tian expanded the realm and was punished, Le Yi broke Qi and was slandered, every time the minister read his book, he was not generous and sobbed, and his relatives took it as a matter of benefit. Who? Jingzhou was defeated, the ministers lost their temper, and none of them returned. However, the ministers are looking for trouble, and they cause Fang Ling and Shangyong, and they return to begging and let themselves go. Pondering His Highness's holy grace, the heart of the minister, and the act of mourning the minister. Honest villain, can not always, know and do, dare to say that it is not a crime! There is no evil voice in every minister, there is no complaint when the minister goes, the minister has been taught by the gentleman, and the former king is reluctant. ”

Note 2: According to the record of "Wei Luo", Emperor Wen was on the throne at the beginning of the time, and he was very happy when he knew it, and when he heard it, he was very happy, so that the nobles and ministers had the insight to look at it, and also said that "the talent of the generals" or "the instrument of the prime minister", Wang Yi Qinda. The book of adversity and Da said: "Recently, there is a fate, but the purpose is not enough, what is it?" Xi Yizhi returned to Zhou, a hundred miles to Yu and into Qin, Le Yi felt that the cicada was transformed, and Wang Zunzhi went against the odds, all of which were judged to be effective and knew the inevitability of success or failure, so Danqing painted its description, and the good history recorded its merits. Wen Qing's posture is pure, the amount of equipment is excellent, and when Cheng can be clear, he will receive a biography. Today's turn over the scales and clear streams, even happy with each other, look westward with an open mind, still as before, write a word, and happily follow it. In the past, Yu Qing entered Zhao, goodbye to take pictures, Chen Ping went to Han, a pilgrimage to participate, lonely in Qing today, love too much in the past, so to the royal horse to show loyalty and love. He also said: "Today, the sea is clear, thousands of miles are unified, the three are boundless and dusty, and there is no danger of dog barking in midsummer. When you come to meet each other, you should be clear and lonely, and be careful not to make your family colorful on the road, so as to be shocked. Ruoqing wants to come to meet, and first Anbu, there is a guarantee, and then slowly ride to the east. "Reaching the end of the day, entering the leisure and elegance, only to argue with others, everyone is not the eye. And the king came out closely, took a small chariot, held his hand, and stroked his back and said: "Qing has nothing to do Liu Bei's assassin evil?" "So it was carried with you. He also added a white horse to serve as a regular attendant, led the new city to guard, and entrusted him with the task of the southwest. At that time, the ministers thought that it was too obscene to treat him, and it was not appropriate to appoint him. Wang Wenzhi said: "I will protect it from others, and I will also shoot Artemisia with an arrow in the middle ear." ”

Note 3: Da and Feng Shu said:

The ancients said: 'Inseparable intimacy, new does not add to the old.' This is said to be clear from the top to the bottom, and slander is not good. If it is a powerful monarch and a lord, a virtuous father and a loving relative, there are still loyal ministers who have made meritorious deeds to suffer disasters, and filial sons who embrace benevolence to fall into trouble, such as seeds, businessmen, white rises, filial piety, and Birch, all of which are like them. That's why it's not good to be separated, but it's also good to be close to each other. There may be grace and love, and there is also slander, although loyal ministers cannot be transferred to the king, and filial sons cannot be changed to their fathers. Snobbery is added, and the relatives are changed to Yun, but they are not relatives! Therefore, Shen Sheng, Wei Ling, Yu Kou, and Chu Jianyu received the qi of the form, and they should be the heirs, and they are like this. Now under the foot and the king of Hanzhong, the ears of the people of the road, the relatives are not the blood and blood and the power, the righteousness is not the monarch and the minister is in the upper position, the levy has the authority of the partiality, and the residence has the name of the deputy army, and it has been heard from far and near. Self-reliance Adou as the prince has come, and people of insight are chilling. If Shen Sheng is made to follow the words of the son, he will be the uncle; Wei Ling listened to his brother's plan, and did not show his father's ridicule. And Xiaobai ran out and became a hegemon; Heavy ears over the wall, death to reincarnate. It has existed since ancient times, and it is not unique to today.

The husband is wise and noble to avoid disaster, the Ming is still dreamy, and the king of the Han Dynasty is worried about the inside, and the suspicion is born outside; If you are determined, you will be stubborn, and if you are suspicious, you will be afraid, and the rise of chaos and disaster will not be abolished. Personal grievances and human affection cannot be seen, and I am afraid that there will be a king in Hanzhong. However, it is suspected of becoming a complaint, and its hair is like a lawsuit. Now the foot is far away, and it is still possible to rest for a while; If the army advances, and the foot is lost, it is in danger. Xi Weizi went to Yin, Zhiguo was of other clans, and he went against difficulties and carried disasters, and they were all like this. (2) After abandoning one's parents and becoming a human being, it is also indecent; Knowing that disaster is coming, it is not wise to stay; Seeing the right is not suspicious, and it is not righteous. Calling himself a husband, what is the value of these three? With the talent of the foot, he abandoned himself to come to the east, and succeeded Luo Hou, not for his back; The north is the king, with the correct discipline, not for the abandonment of the old; Anger does not cause chaos, lest you perish, and do not act in vain. Plus Your Majesty's new Zen order, humble side, to virtue Huaiyuan, if the foot is turned inward, not only with the servant for the sake of the servant, by the three hundred households, the successor to the Luo country, when more dissecting the state, for the first king. His Majesty's army, the golden drum is shaken, and it should be turned to Du Wan and Deng; If the two enemies are not equal, the army will not be repaid. It is advisable to make a good plan at this time. It is easy to have 'good to see the adult', and the poem has 'self-seeking and blessing', and it is okay. Now I am reluctant, and I don't want to make the fox suddenly close the door.