"The Book of Rites" is a splendid flower born from the wind and rain of the times and real life, and is the product of Confucianism's reflection on and reconstruction of social order and values in the era of "etiquette collapse and happiness". It inherits the academic passion and cultural spirit that the original Confucianism radiated in Chinese culture. The Book of Rites uses benevolence to explain etiquette, expressing the advanced culture of the new era. Etiquette contains the sensitive and deep experience of Confucian scholars in the troubles of the times, as well as their strong sense of responsibility to eliminate the troubles of the times.

According to legend, the rites were formulated by the Duke of Zhou, and during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Confucius reorganized them to educate students, and in the Han Dynasty, the rites became one of the "Six Classics".

Etiquette is an important tool for maintaining ancient moral norms, and the "Book of Rites" begins with the words: such an abstract concept as morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be implemented without etiquette; educate and teach, rectify folk customs, and if there is no courtesy, one will be taken care of; distinguish between the merits of the dispute, and it is impossible to judge without courtesy; The titles of kings and ministers, superiors and subordinates, fathers and sons, and brothers cannot be determined without courtesy; If the disciple is rude in serving the teacher, the relationship between the teacher and the student will not be intimate; The position of hundreds of officials in the court, the management of the army by the generals, and the performance of the duties of the officials cannot be reflected without courtesy; There are rules for prayers for blessings, ancestral halls for thanksgiving to the gods, and regular sacrifices for ghosts and gods.

As can be seen from the above sentence, the role of rites is very large, reaching the level of pervasiveness, and in fact, no dynasty has done all the provisions of rites.

The theoretical ideas reflected in the "Book of Rites" are concentrated in the chapters of "Rites and Fortunes", "Ritual Instruments", "Records of Learning", "Records of Music", "University", "The Mean", and "Confucianism", as well as chapters that give full play to Confucian doctrine through Confucius's answers, such as "Zengzi Asks", "Mourning Gong Questions", "Table Records", "Fang Ji", "Confucius Idle Residence", "Zhongni Yanju" and so on. In these chapters, we can see the preservation of the ideological views of different schools of Confucius after Confucius, including many schools within Confucianism, such as the Ziyou School, the Zixia School, the Zengzi School, the Zisi School, the Mencius School, and the Xunzi School.

From this, we can also see that the ideas and theories of the hundred schools of thought of the pre-Qin princes, such as Moism, Taoism, peasants, and Yin-Yang schools, penetrated into it. This reflects that the era of the "Book of Rites" is an era in which various schools of Confucianism seek common ground while reserving differences, and integrate and absorb and transform all schools of thought. The ideological and theoretical content of the Book of Rites is profound and rich, with ritual music as the core, involving politics, ethics, philosophy, aesthetics, education, religion, culture and other aspects of ideology and doctrine. Therefore, in ancient Chinese traditional thought, it is impossible not to study the ideas and doctrines contained in the Book of Rites.

The Book of Rites reflects many ideas about education. Among them, the three programs of the purpose of education are: to demonstrate the bright virtue that everyone has and has himself; and then push yourself and others, so that everyone can remove pollution and renew themselves; And keep improving, to the point of perfection and keep it the same. The five steps of the educational process are: to be erudite and talented, it is necessary to inquire in detail, to understand it thoroughly, to think carefully, to discern clearly, and to practice it practically; If you don't learn, you can't stop if you don't learn; If you don't seek advice, you can't stop until you understand it thoroughly.

The eight steps of human perfection: Gewu, that is, people are required to experience their own things, hold their things, contact things and exhaust their reasoning, and increase their knowledge; To know is to seek true knowledge, from thinking about the truth of things to discovering one's inner goodness; Sincerity is to be honest in thought; Righteousness is to get rid of all kinds of uneasy emotions, not to be blinded by material desires, and to keep the mind quiet; Self-cultivation is to continuously improve one's moral cultivation; Qi family is to tidy up your own family; To govern the country is to govern with virtue, to implement the rule of virtue, and to govern the country with benevolence; To level the world is to govern the world and make the world peaceful.

The nine principles of education and teaching are: teaching and learning are mutually beneficial: teaching and learning influence and promote each other, and both are improved; Yu: Prevent and prevent students' bad behavior before it happens; Time: Seize the best opportunity, teach in time, follow the trend of development, and guide, you will achieve good educational results; Sun: Properly arrange the teaching pace according to the age characteristics and acceptance level of the students; Mo: Students can observe each other, learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths, and make progress together; Long-term goodness to save the lost: the person who teaches is the person who is good at discovering and correcting the mistakes of students; Complement each other: explain the principles of education, not rote memorization, the teacher's explanation should be combined with personal understanding to digest knowledge; Teaching students according to their aptitude: Different education is carried out according to the specific situation of the learner's interests, abilities, etc.

There are three major methods of teaching: explanation, question and answer, and practice.

There are four mistakes in learning: some people are greedy for more and faster, and they swallow dates; Some people point to the water and stop at a shallow taste; Some people are in a hurry to find shortcuts; Some people are afraid of the tail and stop when they are in trouble.

What teachers must have is that metaphor is to use several metaphors to repeatedly set up metaphors from different angles to illustrate an ontology.

In addition to the idea of education, the idea of filial piety in the Book of Rites is also rich and comprehensive, which not only discusses the origin, status and role of filial piety, the relationship between filial piety and loyalty, etiquette, politics and religion, but also discusses the overall and individual meanings of filial piety itself and the specific exposition of filial piety. It can be said that in the history of the development of Chinese Confucianism, the Book of Rites completed the theoretical creation of filial piety and reached its peak.

If the "Book of Rites" has reached the peak of filial piety, then what does the idea of filial piety in the "Book of Rites" have to do with the "Book of Filial Piety"? To discuss this issue, we must first discuss the eras of the two books, and secondly, we should explore the relationship between them from the comparison of their contents. The Book of Rites was written in the Western Han Dynasty, but the writing of each of them is not the same. It is generally believed that "University" and "The Mean" were written by Zeng Zi and Zisi in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period.

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