Chapter 067: Political and Economic Achievements

In addition to the military and diplomatic aspects, Sun Quan's political and economic achievements were not small.

[Politics]

Sun Quan's internal affairs in Wu are mainly to balance the Huaisi group and the local forces in Jiangdong, in history, the Sun family relied on the Huaisi group to start, after occupying Jiangdong, Sun Quan actively attracted the local forces in Jiangdong, and promoted Lu Xun, Gu Yong and others, forming a situation of balance between the two major forces, when the Huaisi group became bigger, he supported the local forces in Jiangdong, and when the Jiangdong forces became bigger, he adopted a strategy of suppression to ensure the balance between the two forces and ensure the dominance of the Sun family in Jiangdong.

In addition, since Cao Cao started Tuntian on a large scale, Sun Quan also began to study after taking power, and it was also divided into Mintun and Juntun, and the scale of Sun Wu Tuntian in history was also relatively large. At that time, Sun Quan set up the management of officials such as the captain of the agricultural school, the captain of the nong, and the captain of the tuntian, and the soldiers of the tuntian were ploughing and fighting, and the tuntian households only had to farm and were exempted from civil service. The Tuntian area is very widely distributed, the military and civilians of Tuntian are more or less, the Tuntian base in Anhui City has thousands of soldiers, and the Tuntian people in Biling have tens of thousands of men and women. The scale of Dongwu Tuntian is considerable, and most of them are cultivated with oxen, and the farming technology is also relatively advanced.

Regarding the difference between Sun Wu and Cao Wei Tuntian, I didn't find out, and I personally think that the difference should not be very big. However, there are actual differences between Sun Wu Tuntian and Cao Wei Tuntian, the biggest difference is in the main body of Tuntian, Cao Wei's Tuntian main body is the common people, but the main body of Tuntian in Eastern Wu should be mostly Shanyue.

During the Han and Han dynasties, the degree of development in southern China was not high, so the population in the south was relatively small during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the southern states and counties were large, which can be described as vast and sparsely populated. At that time, the Shanyue people formed their own organizations and societies, refused to pay taxes to Sun Quan's regime, and loved to make rebellion, so the crusade against Shanyue had many benefits, one was to get manpower, and the other was to reduce rebellion. The local people of Sun Wu did not lack land, and the south was relatively stable, so they lacked the foundation of Tuntian, so they had to rely on plundering the Shanyue people.

In terms of water conservancy, Sun Quan built the Dongxing embankment in the second year of Huanglong (230) to curb the water of Chaohu Lake. In August of the eighth year of Chiwu (245), Sun Quan sent Chen Xun, the school captain, to dig the canal on Jurong Chengzhong Road and build a granary. In the thirteenth year of Chiwu (250), Tangyi Tutang (now Huliangyan, Liuhe County, Jiangsu) was made, and in addition, several canals were dug up, which were both inland waterways and irrigation.

After Sun Quan seized Jingzhou, he also exempted the peasants in Jingzhou from taxes, and also carried out a policy of leniency and interest reduction.

[Economic aspects]

In Chinese history, the degree of development in the south was not very high in the early days, but after Sun Quan came to power, it played a great role in promoting the economic development of the Jiangnan area, and laid a certain foundation for the southward movement of China's economic center in the future.

At that time, Sun Wu's well-known industries included shipbuilding, celadon industry, copper and iron smelting and casting, and textile industry. In the fifth year of Huangwu (226), Sun Quan had built a ship in Wuchang, named "Chang'an", which was a large ship that could carry 3,000 people.

During the Wu period, the main production areas of celadon ware include Ningbo, Shaoxing, Wenzhou and Jinhua in Zhejiang Province, and its raw material is a kind of rock ore containing quartz, kaolin, sericite type pegmatite weathered, with a high degree of weathering and containing more kaolinite minerals. This kind of porcelain clay has a high iron content, which is an ideal raw material for firing celadon, and the lime glaze prepared with limestone has good luster and high transparency. Celadon ware has significantly improved in terms of production, variety and quality compared with the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Copper and iron smelting inherited the scale of the Eastern Han Dynasty and had a development law. Wuchang and Huiji were the two handicraft centers of Sun Wu. A large number of copper and iron tools and swords from Wuchang were shipped to Jianye to supply the princes and nobles. Sun Wu had the most developed bronze mirror manufacturing industry, which benefited from the abundant copper deposits in southeastern China. Since the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huiji County has become the center of bronze mirror making.

In the textile industry, Ge cloth and Yue cloth are the most exquisite, and their softness even exceeds that of Luo Kun. Sun Wu is also rich in "brocade of eight silkworms".

In addition to these, Sun Quan also put a lot of energy into the communication by sea, which also greatly promoted economic development and opened up the sea trade routes, including routes to Liaodong and even Southeast Asia.

Before Sun Wu, the northern coastal route had been opened in sections, and the waterway from the Shandong Peninsula to the Liaodong Peninsula had been opened in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, and from the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the Shandong Peninsula. However, due to the economic and cultural backwardness of the Jiangzuo region during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the formation of a strong political center and metropolis has not yet been formed, the passage of this waterway is not frequent, and the route from Jiangzuo to the Liaodong Peninsula has not yet been opened.

After Sun Wu established the country and left the river, it formed a political center with one of the three parts of the world, and the economy and culture also developed rapidly, forming a metropolis represented by Jianye, so there was a need to further open up navigation transportation in the north. Sun Quan frequently made envoys to Liaodong, so that the direct route between Jiangzuo and Liaodong could be opened. This waterway, as Hu San Province said, went east along the Yangtze River from Jiankang (now Nanjing), turned north at the corner near Haimen at the northern end of the Yangtze River estuary, went north along the coast of the Yellow Sea, bypassed Chengshanjiao at the eastern end of the Shandong Peninsula, and then entered the Dengzhou Ocean, that is, the northern waters of Weihai and Yantai, and then went north along the Miaodao Islands, passing through Daxie Island (i.e., Changdao) and Wuhu Island (i.e., Beichenghuang Island), etc., and crossed the Bohai Strait to Duli Town at the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula. Duli Town is Ma Shijin, that is, the Three Kingdoms period of the Jinjin (or called 沓, 沓渚), that is, near Lushun, Liaoning today. During the Three Kingdoms period, it had developed into an important port for navigation and trade between Sun and Wu and Liaodong. Sun Wu's fleet to Liaodong was anchored here, where the exchange of markets was conducted. Then go ashore from here and go by land to Xiangping, the capital of Gongsun Yuan (now Chaoyang, Liaoning).

However, judging from the issuance of currency, Sun Wu's inflation is also quite serious. In the spring of the fifth year of Jiahe (236), Soochow minted a big coin, and one was a small money of 500, and the top of the money was engraved with "Daquan 500". Sun Quan also issued an edict requiring the government and the people of the country to pay copper, pay according to the amount of copper, and set up a law prohibiting the private minting of copper coins.

Only two years later, in the spring of the first year of Chiwu (238), Sun Quan began to mint a large coin that could be used as a small coin for a thousand yuan, and the money was engraved with "Daquan Dangqian". Although it is uncertain whether the latter two currencies were minted when Sun Quan was in power, it can already be seen that Sun Wu was already suffering from relatively serious economic problems at that time.