New China, like a giant ship, has been riding the wind and waves under the control of the great helmsman, and has been standing tall among the world's military powers in just two years, becoming a great miracle in the history of human development. But there is still a big difference between a military power and an industrial power. As soon as the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended, the supreme chief calmly analyzed the domestic and international situation at that time, and held that the task of suppressing bandits in China had been largely accomplished, that remarkable results had been achieved in suppressing the counterrevolution, that the land reform was about to end, and that peace and order in the country had been guaranteed. Now the Taiwan issue remains, but our army has a strong strength and can ensure the needs of continuing the war in the Taiwan Strait, and has successfully resolved the Korean issue and the issue of Japan's claims in the international arena, and removed the possibility of the revival of Japan's militarism. Therefore, the pressing task at the moment is to seize the time to rapidly restore the national economy, rapidly carry out all-round economic construction, take economic construction as the central task in China, and strive to build China into a powerful socialist country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, and modern science and technology within a short period of time.

In April 1951, in order to implement the Supreme Chief's instructions on streamlining and reorganizing the armed forces, the Supreme Commander convened a meeting in Yanjing of all general departments, leaders of various services and arms, and major military regions to make arrangements for the reorganization of the entire army. The meeting was presided over by Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of the General Staff, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De delivered a speech. The meeting discussed and decided on a plan for streamlining and reorganizing the whole army in batches and phases to transfer more than 3 million troops to other jobs or demobilize them.

Deng Feng submitted to the meeting the "Proposal on Strengthening the Revolutionization, Modernization, and Regularization of Our Army," which proposed: After the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, under the historical conditions in which major changes have taken place in the international situation and the implementation of economic construction as the central task in China, China has also carried out a strategic change in its guiding ideology for national defense construction and army work: It has shifted from the state of war and preparations for war in the past to the track of consolidating national defense and carrying out peaceful construction, making full use of the peaceful environment in which a major war cannot be fought for a long time in the future, seizing the time, and making a planIn order to step up the building of the armed forces centered on modernization, it is necessary to conscientiously sum up the lessons and lessons of the modern war to resist US aggression and aid Korea, guard against arrogance and rashness, and earnestly enhance our army's comprehensive understanding of the modern war. It is necessary to continuously strengthen our army's ideological education work, improve our army's political and military quality, and enhance our army's war capability under the conditions of modern warfare. The armed forces have been streamlined and reorganized and reformed. It will enable our army to develop into elite troops, synthesize, and improve efficiency. It is necessary to set up a national defense university and universities of various services, set up an armed police force, set up a group army, and set up a pilot project for military reform, first of all, on the basis of the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 42nd armies, and establish four group armies. These four group armies should be built into multifunctional and comprehensive national strategic mobile units, which will be tasked with mobile combat missions. At the same time, in order to enhance our army's ability to respond quickly to acts that endanger China's core interests and to deal with emergencies, we should vigorously strengthen our army's long-range projection capability and logistical support capability, and set up marine divisions and airborne divisions. It is necessary to continuously enhance the coordinated combat capability of all arms of the armed forces and the overall combat effectiveness, lay the foundation for the gradual establishment of an army structure suited to modern warfare, and steadily advance the revolutionization, modernization, and regularization of the armed forces.

The proposal also put forward plans and ideas on the issue of organizing the troops to collectively carry out economic construction, so that a large number of our army's organized and organized projects will be transferred to projects and reclaimed in the border areas, the troops' assault force and combat effectiveness will be brought into play, the state's large-scale construction projects will be completed, and the wasteland will be developed, which will not only effectively promote the recovery and development of the national economy, but also greatly reduce the pressure on the localities to resettle a large number of demobilized military personnel; these troops can serve as China's strategic reserve force and help change the national structure of the border areas by combining peacetime and wartime. Maintain long-term peace and stability in China's border areas and consolidate China's national defense.

After reading it, the supreme leader was very happy and commented on Deng Feng's suggestion: "This proposal is very good, it is the direction of development of our army, and the method is very feasible. ”

Premier Zhou Enlai officially announced to the world the important decision that the Chinese People's Liberation Army will reduce its personnel by 3 million. The guidelines and principles for the reorganization of the armed forces have been determined. The General Staff formulated the "Military Reorganization Plan," which was approved by the Supreme Commander and began to be implemented on 5 October 1951. According to the plan, the targets of this reduction will continue to be mainly army infantry and organs, and it is required that within one year, the army infantry units will be reduced from 2.58 million to 1 million, the number of troops of all services and arms will be expanded from 600,000 to 800,000, the number of headquarters and organs at all levels will be reduced from 1.12 million to 200,000, the number of military academies and universities will be expanded from 108,000 to 130,000, and the 950,000 local troops will be retained and 500,000 will be reorganized into armed police units, and the total number of PLA troops will be reduced from 5.5 million to about 2.63 million for the whole army.

In order to meet the requirements of modern warfare, reduce the total size of the PLA, and improve the structure of the services and arms, the PLA is composed of the army, navy, and air force and the Second Artillery Corps. The army is composed of infantry, artillery, armored troops, engineering troops, anti-chemical warfare troops, signal troops, and other arms and specialized units. The Navy consists of surface ship forces and submarine forces, naval aviation, coastal artillery, marines and other arms and specialized units. The Air Force is composed of aviation, radar, ground-to-air missiles, antiaircraft artillery, airborne troops, and other arms and specialized units. Through reorganization, the number of infantry units in the army has been reduced, the two major branches of the air force and navy have been strengthened, and the establishment of the airborne troops, marines, and ground-to-air missile units, and the Second Artillery Corps has been increased. The railway corps as a whole was assigned to the Ministry of Railways, and at the same time participated in the construction of military projects and national construction.

The Supreme Commander instructed that "the conversion of 600,000 troops into engineering and reclamation armies is entirely possible, and economically it is very cost-effective and profitable, and the country immediately increases by 600,000 industrial and agricultural workers." It should be organized immediately, and the help of the first branch of the Fourth Aviation School should be asked to produce agricultural machinery as soon as possible, and an engineering school and an agricultural technical school should be opened. After that, the vast number of officers and men of our army actively responded to the call of the party Central Committee and the supreme leader, resolutely subordinated themselves to the overall situation of the country's economic construction, implemented the strategic decision of the central authorities to "reduce quantity and improve quality" with practical actions, and made important contributions to ensuring that our army could establish a military system composed of all services and arms and that the people's army should be revolutionized, regularized, and modernized as soon as possible. The 600,000 officers and men of the armed forces who were transferred to the economic front and formed a military formation formed the Xinjiang Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Construction Corps, the Heilongjiang Production and Construction Corps, the Tibet Provincial Production and Construction Corps, and the Inner Mongolia Production and Construction Corps. He carried 400,000 family members to China's frontiers and deserts to devote himself to the upsurge of national economic construction in full swing. At the same time, the state mobilized more than 100,000 young women across the country to accompany these demobilized officers and soldiers to the borders of the motherland.

By the end of October 1952, our army had reduced its ranks to 23 military headquarters and 92 divisions, with nearly 3 million personnel. So far, gratifying changes have taken place in the structure of the arms of our army: The army has changed from leadership in blocks to centralized and unified leadership, and from a single infantry system to a combined system of various arms. At the same time, all branches of the armed forces of our armed forces have been established and developed one after another, a large number of non-combatants and non-cohort personnel have been reduced, the combat establishment has increased, and the structure of the armed forces has become more rational. The navy, air force, and various academies and universities have been strengthened in this reorganization, and have laid a good foundation for future construction and development. The compulsory military service system and the salary system indicate that the people's army has officially entered the track of army building in peacetime, and our army has taken another big step forward on the road of modernization and regularization.

Through this streamlining and restructuring and organizational adjustment. The actual total strength of the army has been reduced to 2.6 million, the quantity has been reduced, the quality has been improved, a new composite army system has been established, and the combined combat capability of various services and arms has been formed under modern conditions.

The supreme leader attaches great importance to the handling of the Kuomintang insurrectionary forces in Taiwan by the current large-scale disarmament of our army. A very cautious attitude was taken. With regard to the reorganization of the armed forces, it is necessary to carry out extensive ideological mobilization, do a good job in the ideological work of all kinds of personnel, adopt the method of large-scale reorganization and abolition, pay attention to policies, and ensure the smooth progress of disarmament work. After replenishing some of our army's political and military backbones with some of the elite Kuomintang units, some former Kuomintang officers who were not suitable to stay in the army were transferred to the same jobs as the PLA cadres, and technical cadres were basically retained. For the Kuomintang soldiers, the healthy fighters aged 18-23 were retained, and the rest were resettled like the demobilized PLA soldiers. Next, they and other units of our army were sent to Inner Mongolia. Xinjiang Province, Tibet Province.

The more than 35,000 officers and men of Taiwan's Kuomintang Navy have been reorganized, and the technical cadres have basically been retained, but the ships have been transferred to each other, and some army units of our army that are politically qualified and have excellent military skills have been transferred to study with them one-on-one. We learned from them professionally and helped them politically, and transferred some of our senior officers to the naval academies to teach, and the changed Kuomintang Navy became an important part of our navy, and they were transferred to the North Sea Fleet and the East China Sea Fleet.

The more than 80,000 officers and men of the Kuomintang Air Force were mixed with the newly built Air Force of our army, and most of them were transferred to Xinjiang Province, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet Province.

The Kuomintang's intelligence organization was also reorganized, and after the screening was completed, the provincial departments and departments that could continue to work for the state were transferred to the Ministry of Public Security. For those who are unable to adapt to intelligence work, they are transferred to the newly established National Security Technical School, which is being re-established.

After the completion of the downsizing and reorganization of our army, the miscellaneous weapons and equipment of our army were integrated, and the Mechanic Division, the German Mechanic Division, and the American Mechanic Division were established. But this is only a short-lived transition. According to the military plan, it will take five years to 1956 for the entire People's Liberation Army to complete the refitting and realize the complete localization of equipment in a unified system.

By the end of October 1952, the equipment of the 1st Marine Division and the 1st Airborne Division was completely localized. The whole division has changed into a Type 07 digital camouflage combat training uniform, a multi-functional tactical backpack, each soldier is equipped with a Type 51 automatic rifle and a multi-function bayonet, four Type 82-3 handleless grenades, a water bottle, and each squad is equipped with a sniper using a Type 79 sniper rifle and an infrared scope, a 40-class bazooka hand, and a deputy shooter. Each platoon is equipped with one, and the "ordnance group" of the base is designed according to the 51-type high-level dual-purpose anti-aircraft machine gun designed by the later generations QJG02 type 14.5 single-barreled anti-aircraft machine gun, this new type of high-level dual-purpose large-caliber machine gun, can adapt to combat in various regions and natural environments. As a platoon-level low-altitude defense weapon, it can attack enemy helicopter gunships and low-altitude aircraft on the battlefield, and has the tactical role of flat fire, and can destroy enemy infantry combat vehicles, armored transport vehicles, light boats and other thin-walled armored targets within 2000 meters when shooting at ground and surface targets. It can also be used to block key roads or passes on the battlefield, suppress enemy fire points and annihilate enemy clusters of vivid targets. A bullet can break people into two, the bullet uses tungsten core shell-piercing armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet armor-piercing explosive incendiary bomb high-level dual-purpose sight This anti-aircraft aircraft is light in weight, the total weight is only 73 kilograms, the mobile surname is good, its marching, the combat state is converted quickly, the decomposition is easy to combine, the maximum single weight after decomposition does not exceed 29 kilograms, it can be carried by a single soldier, it has a good movement flexibility, it is simple and convenient to work, it is very suitable for mountain and jungle operations, and it is well received by the combat units after being equipped, which greatly improves the combat effectiveness of these equipment troops.

Subsequently, the four group armies were successively reequipped, and their equipment was completely localized. Following the completion of the refitting of the four group armies that were the pilot projects of the whole army. For the troops stationed in Tibet Province, Xinjiang Province, and Inner Mongolia, priority was given to reequipping, and 40 rocket launchers, Type 51 automatic rifles, Type 79 sniper rifles, and Type 82-3 handleless grenades were equipped to the squad level. 14.5-mm Type 51 single-barreled anti-aircraft machine guns, armed up to the company level, each division had a battalion of 20 40-barreled 122-mm "Tempest" rocket launchers.

In which era and in which country is the advanced equipment, the main force is given priority. It made those former Kuomintang troops feel that the current country attaches great importance to them, and they feel even more that they are honored for the country.

This time the reorganization of the base Zhikong D1 Army was also carried out. The D1 Army of the Volunteer Air Force was abolished, and the base was divided into four parts: one part was reorganized by 48 J-10 fighters, 24 J-7 Flying Leopard fighters and 150 MiG-15 fighters, forming the first, second, and third divisions of the Air Force. Consists of two H-8 and one Air Police 2000 Chinese Strategic Air Force Brigade. The UAV reconnaissance group is composed of 8 D1WS200 small UAVs, the first airborne division is composed of 30 C-47 transport aircraft and 1 Mi-171 and 1 Wuzhi-10, and the first flight training division is composed of 12 J-7 and 2 J-7 and 10 MiG-15 and 2 D1WS200. The First Group Army of Chinese the People's Liberation Army Air Force, composed of five divisions and two brigades, is still directly under the Central Army.

The second part originally planned the logistics department of the PLA Air Force and formed the logistics department of the First Group Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force.

In the third part, the base repair plant and the resident doctor station were transferred to the Ministry of Aviation, forming the China Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

In the fourth part, the "professional groups" of the base form the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology, which is subordinate to the State Council.

(To be continued)