In history, Zhuge Liang followed Liu Bei to conquest in the early stage, and at first he was mainly a strategist and a civil minister, and led the troops to fight relatively little, and the first recorded formal battle was in the period of sending troops to Yizhou. After Liu Bei's death www.biquge.info Zhuge Liang took control of the power of Shu Han, and only then began to lead troops to fight on a large scale many times, going south to quell the rebellion, and the northern expedition to defeat Cao Wei.

【Military History】

In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), after Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang out of the thatched house, Zhuge Liang began to follow Liu Bei's career of conquering the east and west, first fleeing with Liu Bei, and then following Liu Bei and Zhou Yu and others to jointly fight against Cao Wei, and then went south to seize the four counties of Jingnan, during this period Zhuge Liang mainly appeared as Liu Bei's mastermind.

It is recorded in the official history that Zhuge Liang led troops for the first time in the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), and he led troops into Sichuan together with Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others, helped Liu Bei crusade against Liu Zhang, and divided his troops to pacify the counties. After pacifying Yizhou, Zhuge Liang spent a long time dealing with internal affairs, being in charge of logistics, and had little involvement in military operations.

This situation was not until Liu Chan came to power, in the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led the army to the south, when several people in the south and central areas were in rebellion, including Yonghong as the leader, including Gao Ding, Zhu Bao, Meng Huo and others, affecting the four counties of Qiqi County, Yuewang County, Yongchang County and Yizhou County, the geographical scope has been close to one-half of Yizhou, and the scale is not small.

However, Zhuge Liang divided his troops into three ways and quickly put down the rebellion, Yonghong was killed by Gao Ding's subordinates, Ma Zhong killed Zhu Bao, Gao Ding was beheaded by Zhuge Liang's army, and Meng Shu was captured.

Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition and the second Northern Expedition were in the spring and winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (228) respectively, the third Northern Expedition was in the spring of the following year (229), Wei Yan went north in the eighth year of Jianxing (230), Zhuge Liang's fourth (or fifth) Northern Expedition was in the spring of the following year (231), and the last Northern Expedition was in the spring of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234).

Zhuge Liang and Cao Wei's Cao Zhen, Sima Yi and others clashed six times, the first two defeats, the last two successes, and finally beat Sima Yi, although he had the upper hand in the situation, but failed to achieve specific results.

【Reasons for the failure of the Northern Expedition】

Zhuge Liang's main contribution in military affairs is still those Northern Expeditions, although the previous Southern Expedition was also quite successful, but the opponent was actually not strong. Zhuge Liang's position in the military is mainly based on the Northern Expedition, although Zhuge Liang did not succeed in the end, but he attacked the strong with weakness, the stronger he fought, and even suppressed the enemy army is undeniable, after all, Shu was not a horse-producing land at that time, and Cao Wei's advantage in horses was also overwhelming.

There are many reasons for the failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition in history, but the fundamental reason is not within Shu Han, which has little to do with subjective factors, but because of objective factors.

Now there are some people who say that Adou can't help Zhuge Liang and drags Zhuge Liang back, and Li Yan is a reactionary and drags Zhuge Liang back, but it is not true to talk about these things in the official history. Liu Chan entrusted all the power of the country to Zhuge Liang after ascending the throne, in essence, Liu Chan did not have a negative impact on Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, on the contrary, Liu Chan has always supported Zhuge Liang in history, so that Zhuge Liang can rest assured of the Northern Expedition.

And Li Yan had a good relationship with Zhuge Liang in the early days, and the relationship between the two began to break down in the later period, and Li Yan also threatened Zhuge Liang, but neither actually affected the Northern Expedition. In the autumn of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang fought against Sima Yi, and finally withdrew because of Li Yan's lack of supplies, in fact, Li Yan's responsibility is not great, after all, the autumn rainy season is coming, and the supply line of Shu Han is long, and it is too normal for problems to occur, so it is said that Li Yan's later resignation originated from the supply problem, but the direct reason was not this, but he later shirked his responsibility and framed Zhuge Liang.

Overall, the atmosphere of the Northern Expedition within Shu Han was still good, and the internal resistance was also within a certain range, and it did not have too bad an impact. Therefore, the failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition and the internal subjective factors of Shu Han are not large.

There are two main reasons for the failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, the first is the problem of grain and grass, which is directly related to the stability and ability of the Han army to continue the war, this problem is not solved, Zhuge Liang can be said to have lost half of the first, and several times in his life The Northern Expedition has encountered a shortage of grain and grass, because the Han army is far away from the north, the supply line is very long, and it is difficult to meet all the supplies in Hanzhong, so it is difficult in this regard. Relatively speaking, Cao Wei also had supply problems, but because it was much better than Shu Han in the homeland. The last Northern Expedition Zhuge Liang solved the problem by half-soldier and half-farmer, but it took a lot of energy and effort to fight against a generation of famous marshal Sima Yi with half of the troops.

Although the grain and grass problem seriously affected Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, I personally believe that the second reason is the fundamental reason for the failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, and Zhuge Liang's defeat was actually mainly due to Cao Wei's strength and invulnerability.

At that time, Cao Wei's national strength was much stronger than that of Shu Han, and it had a favorable location, and the monarch Cao Rui was neither faint nor idiotic, and the template at that time was at least Wen and Jing, and his generals Cao Zhen, Sima Yi, Zhang He and Guo Huai were also elites. Zhuge Liang is also a person after all, he is not a god, if Cao Wei does not give him a chance, how can he win! Under the circumstances at that time, don't talk about Zhuge Liang, you can't change anyone.

To tell the truth, although Zhuge Liang took the initiative to go on the Northern Expedition, but because of the gap in national strength, the initiative is in the hands of Cao Wei, if you want to defeat the strong with the weak, you must have problems on the strong side, there are flaws, Cao Cao can win Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, and Zhou Yu in the battle of Chibi breaks Cao Cao, all of which are the truth, otherwise it is like Guan Yu flooding the Seventh Army, the enemy has a fatal loophole.

In other words, if Cao Wei doesn't give a chance, Zhuge Liang will not be able to win. Zhuge Liang's performance during the Northern Expedition, especially in the later period, was basically the limit, and it was even more difficult to go further.

[Zhuge Liang's military talent]

Zhuge Liang's military ability was vividly demonstrated in the Northern Expedition, he was a little shy at the beginning, reusing newcomers such as Ma Tan indiscriminately, and still suppressed Sima Yi in the later period in the case of half soldiers and half peasants, and the overall performance was getting stronger and stronger.

During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, Cao Wei's important generals Wang Shuang and Zhang He died at the hands of the Han army, and Cao Wei even counted Wang Shuang and Zhang He's pursuit, and the number of active attacks was only three times, Shu Han was six Northern Expeditions, and Cao Wei was not able to kill the Shu Han generals, which also showed Zhuge Liang's suppression of Cao Wei on the one hand.

In the entire career of Zhuge Liang as a soldier, there was no record of the generals being killed or captured by the enemy, not only during the Northern Expedition, but also a number of famous commanders who could do this.

Later generations also recognized Zhuge Liang's military ability, and Zhuge Liang had a place among the famous marshals during the Three Kingdoms period in the late Han Dynasty.

ps: This book is 1 million words today, it's really not easy, I'm tired of writing, and you're tired of looking at it.