Zhuge Liang's determination did not change the overall situation, but he himself died of illness in the army due to overwork, and the Northern Expedition ended in vain again. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

[Zhuge Liang died of illness]

Zhuge Liang, as the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, on the one hand, cared about government affairs, on the other hand, worked hard in the military, accumulated a lot of time and energy in the long-term confrontation with Sima Yi, and finally overwhelmed the body, and died in August of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234). After the Shu army withdrew, Sima Yi, the general of Cao Wei, inspected the camp of the Shu army one by one, and sighed: "Kong Ming is really a genius in the world!" ”

According to the "Wei's Spring and Autumn Period", Zhuge Liang sent an envoy to Sima Yi's army, Sima Yi asked the envoy how much Zhuge Liang sleeped, ate and did not inquire about the military situation, and the envoy replied: "Zhuge Gong gets up early and goes to bed late, and all punishments of more than 20 rods are personally read; The meals eaten were less than a few liters. After Sima Yi found out, he told the others: "Zhuge Kongming eats less and has troublesome affairs, how long can he live!" ”

"The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" records that Zhuge Liang died in Guo's Wu, while the "Book of Wei" believes that "Liang Liang is exhausted and poor, worried about European blood, burns the camp overnight and escapes, enters the valley, and dies of illness." However, this point of view is not recognized by the mainstream at present, and the reason for it has already been explained by Pei Songzhi, so I won't talk about it much.

Chen Songzhi thought that Liang was in Weibin, the Wei people were on tracks, and the shape of victory and defeat was not measurable, and Yun Ou's blood, Gai was exaggerated because of Liang's self-death. With Kong Ming's strategy, how can it be Zhongda Ou's blood? As for Liu Kun's funeral, and Emperor Yiyun of the Jin Yuan Dynasty wrote that "the bright army defeated the European blood", this quote is also a statement. Its clouds entered the valley and died, and the people of Shu entered the valley to mourn.

"The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Jin Dynasty" records that Zhuge Liang died in the army, and Yang Yi, the chief historian, reorganized the army and retreated. The people ran to report to Sima Yi, who chased after the Han army. Jiang Wei ordered Yang Yi to turn the direction of the battle flag and beat the war drums, as if he was about to attack Sima Yi. Sima Yi retreated, not daring to push forward. So Yang Yi left in a formation, and only after entering the sloping valley did he mourn. The people made up a proverb about this matter: "Dead Zhuge Liang scares away the living Zhongda." When Sima Yi heard this, he smiled and said, "This is the reason why I can expect Zhuge Liang to be alive and not to expect Zhuge Liang to be dead." ”

[Book of Jin Edition]

Regarding Zhuge Liang's death, there is also a corresponding record in the "Book of Jin", and its content has the shadow of other first-hand information, but in general it is still somewhat biased towards Sima Yi.

The Wei army and the Shu army fought against each other for more than 100 days, Zhuge Liang died of illness, the Shu generals burned the camp and fled, the people ran to tell each other, and Sima Yi sent troops to pursue. Zhuge Liang's long history Yang Yi returned to the army to show his flag and drums, as if resisting the Wei army. Sima Yi thought that these were poor men and did not approach him, so Yang Yi formed an array and retreated.

One day later, Sima Yi went to Zhuge Liang's camp to patrol and inspect the traces and artifacts left behind, and obtained a lot of books and grains of the Shu army. Sima Yi judged that Zhuge Liang must be dead, and said: "What a genius in the world!" Xin Bi thinks that whether Zhuge Liang is dead or not is not certain. Sima Yi said: "What military experts attach importance to is the army's Chinese books, secretaries' plans, and the grain and grain eaten by soldiers and horses, and now they have discarded all these things. Rush to catch up with the Shu army. "There were a lot of thistles on the pass road, and Sima Yi made 2,000 soldiers wear clogs made of soft wood to walk in front, and the tribulus terrestris were all taken by the clogs, and then the cavalry and infantry advanced together. chased to Chi'an, only to know the true news that Zhuge Liang had died.

At that time, the people made up a proverb that said: "Dead Zhuge scares away the living Zhongda." When Sima Yi heard this, he smiled and said, "This is because I am good at predicting the things of the living, not the life and death of people!" Before that, Zhuge Liang's envoy arrived, and Sima Yi asked the envoy: "How is Zhuge Gong's living and diet, and how much rice can you eat in one meal?" The messenger replied: "Three or four liters of food." Then he asked about the handling of political affairs, and the envoy said: "The punishment of beating more than 20 military sticks is all read and approved by Zhuge Gong himself." After the envoy left, Sima Yi told the others: "Zhuge Kongming will not live for a long time!" As Sima Yi said, Zhuge Liang died soon after.

In history, there is no direct record of Sima Yi's fear of Zhuge Liang's retirement without death, and the record in the "Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" is "Jiang Wei Lingyi is against the flag and drums, if he will go to the king of Xuan, the king of Xuan will retreat, and he will not dare to be embarrassed", and the "Book of Jin" directly states that Sima Yi let go of the Han army because he was poor and did not chase him.

But if Sima Yi really planned not to chase after him, why did he pursue after learning that the Han army had withdrawn? And at that time, Jiang Wei was just a mere general, was it necessary for Sima Yi to be afraid of him? After this record, the Book of Jin also spends a lot of time describing the argument between Sima Yi and Xin Bi about whether Zhuge Liang is dead, I want to say that this is not a self-confession! Sima Yi did not deny the matter of "Death Zhuge Goes to Life Zhongda", and has basically acquiesced in the fact that giving up the pursuit of the Han army has something to do with the uncertainty of whether Zhuge Liang is dead at that time.

It can be said that Sima Yi gave up the pursuit of the Han army halfway because he was afraid that Zhuge Liang would not die, and it was not directly characterized in the pro-Han "Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period", but the "Book of Jin", which completely denied this matter, confirmed this.

[Talking about the Book of Jin]

Before this article, because there is not much involved, the "Book of Jin" is not a major reference material, but the matter of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is really unavoidable, so a relatively detailed analysis of part of the content of the "Book of Jin Sima Yiji" was carried out, and the results were not very satisfactory, the content of the "Book of Jin" in this part is too beautified for Sima Yi, and many records can not find the corresponding first-hand materials, and there are many contradictions with other first-hand materials.

In terms of position, not only this part is extremely beautifying Sima Yi, but the entire section of "Sima Yi Ji" is actually the case, the records about Sima Yi in it are all high, the so-called credit is Sima Yi's, and other characters including Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, etc. are all used to set off Sima Yi, anyway, it is the only one in the sky that blows Sima Yi, and there is no match on the earth, but the position is not the main problem.

The most important issue in the Book of Jin Sima Yiji is the source of the information. The Book of Jin was edited in the early Tang Dynasty, and it has a history of more than 300 years from the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, so it can be said that the Book of Jin is an obvious second-hand material, and his editor needs to rely on other first-hand materials and second-hand materials before him.

This can be compared with the "Zizhi Tongjian", the materials in the "Zizhi Tongjian", I haven't read other aspects, but I have always had a reference in the Three Kingdoms era, basically I can find out its source, the proportion I estimate is at least 95% or more, "Jin Shu Sima Yiji" records how much corresponding information can be found? It's estimated that it's only about 50%, and anyway, many records can't find the original source.

Not only that, there are still omissions and revisions in the Book of Jin. For example, the "Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" recorded that Zhang He advised Sima Yi twice before, only the first place is recorded, and the second place is gone, about Sima Yi's pursuit after Zhuge Liang's death, "The Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty" does not directly explain the reason for Sima Yi's withdrawal, but in the "Book of Jin", it is directly written that Sima Yi is poor and do not chase, this is an obvious trace of modification, after all, it can be clearly seen that this record of the "Book of Jin" is a reference to the "Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty". Guo Huai's affairs are also clearly contradictory in the Book of Jin and the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, and it is actually clear who is right and who is wrong.

Therefore, for the relevant records in the Book of Jin, especially in the "Sima Yiji", readers must know in their hearts.