The Buddha (bì) of the Jin Kingdom summoned Confucius to him as an official, and Confucius planned to go, but Zilu said with some unhappiness when he found out: "I have heard the master say in the past that a gentleman will not go to a person who does bad things personally." Now that the Buddha occupies Zhongmu and rebels, but you are going, how should this be explained? Confucius replied: Yes, I have said such things; Isn't there a saying that hard things can't be worn out even if they are grinded? Doesn't it mean that white things can't be dyed black? Am I a bitter gourd? It can only be hung there, but it cannot be eaten by others.

Confucius said to Zilu: Zilu, have you heard of the six virtues and the six evils? Zilu replied: I haven't heard of it. Confucius told Zilu: Come, sit here, I will tell you. The disadvantage of loving benevolence but not learning is that it is easy to be fooled; The disadvantage of loving wisdom but not learning is that it is easy to behave in debauchery; Loving integrity but not learning, its disadvantage is that it is easy to endanger relatives; Likes to be straightforward but not like to learn, and its disadvantage is that it is easy to speak harshly; Loving courage rather than learning is that it is easy to make trouble; The disadvantage of loving strength rather than learning is that it is easy to be arrogant.

Why don't students learn the Book of Songs? Studying the Book of Songs can stimulate people's ambition, observe the rise and fall of all things in heaven and earth and the rise and fall of the world, and let people understand the importance of being gregarious, and let people know how to satirize their superiors; Near, it can be used to serve parents, and far, it can be used to serve the monarch; You can also know more names of birds, beasts, plants and trees, how good! Confucius said to Kong Li: Have you studied "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan"? If a person does not study "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan", it is like standing facing the wall all day long. Confucius said: The ritual in my mouth is just a ritual vessel such as jade silk? Is the music in my mouth just a musical instrument like a bell and a drum?

The villain, who is stern on the outside but weak on the inside, is like a thief digging a hole in the wall, and he is very uneasy inside. A hypocrite without moral cultivation is a villain who destroys morality. Rumors heard on the road are spread everywhere, and such behavior is spurned by morality. It would be troublesome to serve the monarch with a contemptible man, and such a person is always worried that he will not get an official position when he does not get it; After getting it, I am always afraid that I will lose it; He is worried that he will lose his official position, and he can do anything.

In ancient times, people had three kinds of problems, and now, I am afraid that even these three kinds of problems have changed; The arrogant people in the eyes of the ancients were just too ambitious, but the arrogant people of today are debauchery; The proud man in the eyes of the ancients was only unapproachable, but the proud man now is vicious and arrogant; The stupid people in the eyes of the ancients were just more straightforward, but the stupid people of today dare to deceive blatantly. Rhetoric and pretending to be kind and pleasant, this kind of person has very little benevolence. I hate using purple instead of red, I hate using Jeongkook's vocal music to disturb Yaraku, and I hate things like subverting the country with sharp teeth. (Ancient traditions held that red and black were positive colors, while purple was a mixture of red and black, the so-called intermediate colors.) And Zheng Guo's music is obscene and sad, and his temperament is not right, and Confucius is also very opposed. ）

Confucius said: I don't want to speak; Zigong asked, "Master, if you don't speak, then what else do we students say?" Confucius said: Heaven doesn't say nothing, but don't the four seasons run as usual, and all things grow the same? Lu Aigong sent Ru Bei to learn from Confucius, and Confucius said that he was sick and could not be seen; As soon as the messenger went out, Confucius took out the serpent and sang while playing, intending to let the sorrow hear. (He was once taught under Confucius, but his shortcomings were obvious, and Confucius was not very satisfied with him.) Now he was ordered by Lu Aigong to learn from Confucius. Confucius's action was to tell him that Confucius did not want to see him, and let him do a good job of self-reflection. ）

Zai said to Confucius, "Master, is it too long to serve three years of mourning?" If a gentleman does not pay attention to etiquette for three years, etiquette will inevitably be corrupted; If you don't play music for three years, music will inevitably be wasted; After the old valley is eaten, the new valley appears, and the wood that drills the flint for fire is rotated again, these things can be done in a year. After hearing this, Confucius said: After only one year, you want to eat rice and wear brocade clothes, do you feel at ease? Zai replied: Peace of mind! Confucius was a little angry and said, "If you feel at ease, you can do that!" A gentleman mourns, eats delicious food and does not feel sweet, listens to music does not feel happy, and does not feel comfortable living at home. Now, if you feel at ease, do it! After slaughtering me out, Confucius sighed and said, "It's really unkind to slaughter me!" When a child is born, he or she can leave the arms of his parents until he is three years old; Serving three years of mourning, this is a common funeral in the world; Didn't I have love for his parents for even three years?

(Zai Yu, the word Zi I, also known as Zai I, was a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, a famous disciple of Confucius, one of the ten philosophers of Confucius, and was praised by Confucius as a top student in the language department, ranking in front of Zigong.) According to the "Historical Records", Zai Yu was 29 years younger than Confucius, could speak well, and once traveled around the world with Confucius, and was often sent by Confucius during his travels to Qi, Chu and other countries. Jae Yu was active, studious, thoughtful, and good at asking questions, and was the only one of Confucius's disciples who had ever raised objections to Confucius's teachings, which was the above question about the three-year mourning vigil. In addition to being a little lazy, Zai Yu often asked some strange questions to embarrass the teacher, so Confucius often criticized him. However, although Confucius often criticized Zaiyu, criticism is criticism, and after criticism, he still admonishes earnestly and likes it as usual. ）

It is also a very difficult thing to eat every day without thinking about anything; Isn't there a game of sparring? Hehe, it's better to play than to be idle! Zilu asked Confucius: Do gentlemen advocate bravery? Confucius replied: A gentleman regards righteousness as the noblest virtue, a gentleman will make trouble if he is brave and unrighteous, and a villain will steal if he is brave and unrighteous. Zigong asked Confucius: Do gentlemen also have things that they hate? Confucius replied: Of course, a gentleman hates those who preach the bad deeds of others, hates those who are in a lower position and slanders those who are in a higher position, hates those who are brave and do not know etiquette, and hates those who are stubborn and unreasonable; Confucius asked Zigong in turn: Zigong, do you have something disgusting? Zigong replied: Yes, I hate people who sneak up on other people's knowledge and take it as their own knowledge, I hate people who regard immodesty as brave, and I hate people who expose other people's ** and think they are straightforward.

Women and villains are really difficult to educate, and if you get close to them, they will be rude; Alienate them, and they will resent their grievances. If a person is still disgusted at the age of forty, then his life will end like this.

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(The Analects is gradually coming to an end, and as we grow, its relevance becomes more and more apparent.) Please continue to follow Xiaogui's work, support it a lot, read a little bit every day, Xiaogui will not disappoint everyone. ）