54 Prime Minister Inspection II

Now it is up to us to see whether the United States can quickly adjust its China policy, adopt a cooperative attitude with China, break the ice, put an end to this abnormal relationship between China and the United States, and bring about a turning point in Sino-US relations. I think the conditions are already in place or are basically in place to achieve such a change.

First, the United States is in a crisis of magnitude to the point where it is difficult for the United States alone, and with the help of its allies, to get out of such a crisis, and the United States must seek new and powerful partners.

Second, China must have sufficient strength and influence to effectively help the United States emerge from this crisis through U.S.-China cooperation.

Third, both countries have a clear need and desire to improve relations and develop Sino-US cooperation. This need and desire is the basic factor for the turning point in Sino-US relations.

Although China is now the world's most populous country, it is also a poor country. Our national strength is very weak, and our important importance to the United States lies in giving play to the role of "shifting a thousand pounds from four to two" in order to change the strategic posture of the United States and the Soviet Union.

However, China and the United States are very different in terms of social and political systems, ideologies, degrees of economic development, and historical and cultural traditions, and it is normal that there will inevitably be a large number of contradictions that cannot be overcome. Even if Sino-US relations are normalized in the future, serious conflicts will continue to occur. This is determined by the fundamental interests of the two countries. It is unlikely that the United States will abandon its long-standing policy of suspicion and precaution about China. Suppressing China's rise is something that the United States will never change.

Zhou Enlai listened carefully to Li Dawei's speech and affirmed Li Dawei's speech.

Next, the activities of the Chinese delegation to the United Nations and the possible situation were discussed, as well as the detention and management of prisoners of war. There was a discussion. The comrades at the base suggested that the American and British prisoners of war should be imprisoned in mines such as the Fushun West Open-pit Mine and in road and hydraulic construction sites, and let them dig coal. Road construction, water conservancy projects. This is also in line with the principle that if you don't work, you can't eat, and China doesn't have extra food to feed these uncles. If you don't want to do it, you can exchange a one-cube excavator or two 100-horsepower bulldozers for a prisoner of war below the rank of lieutenant, whether it is an American official or an American family. Some comrades are worried that this is not in line with the Neiva Convention. It also affects the image of our big country. Deng Feng and others were very unimpressed by this, they thought that they should not know what was going on with themselves, and they should put a high hat on their heads first. First of all, we are not a signatory to the Neiva Convention ourselves, so there is no need to worry about the Neiva Convention. Second, through the labor reform of its prisoners of war, put pressure on the United States to obtain more benefits, and third, through the exchange, tens of thousands of construction machinery can also be exchanged, which will promote our domestic economic construction. is even more dismissive of what "harms the image of a great power". For so many years, China has suffered less in order to bring disaster to the false name of a big country? What is the big country that is harming the big country, the big country that is responsible is. When have you taken advantage of a major country in foreign exchanges? The great powers that are in trouble are not self-appointed, but fought by their own strength, and war is a competition for interests, and it does not matter what means are used, what matters is interests, and the process is not important, what matters is the result. Why don't we maximize it. It is assembled

Everyone had a lively discussion until more than 2 o'clock in the morning the next day.

I had only heard that Premier Zhou Enlai had amazing energy before, but this time Deng Feng and his gang really felt it. After a short rest of three or four hours, the next morning, the prime minister and his entourage, accompanied by Chen Jing, went to the pig farm, chicken farm, feed farm and plastic greenhouse of Lantian Farm to visit and investigate. After returning home, he hastily ate breakfast and immediately returned to the conference room of the hotel to discuss with the comrades of the base on how to restore China's economy as soon as possible and formulate the first five-year plan.

At the meeting, Comrade Chen Yun first introduced the current economic form: After one year, we have basically restored the country's transportation, and with the efforts of all railway employees, more than 14,000 kilometers of railways and 2,715 bridges have been repaired within one year, so that the original railways are basically unimpeded, and highways, water transportation, and aviation have also been restored. It has played an important role in the rapid recovery of the entire economy.

Agricultural production has also been largely restored. Land reform has now been completed in half of the country's rural areas. On this basis, it also guides the peasants to organize themselves on the basis of voluntary and mutual benefit and take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation. It has given a strong impetus to the recovery and development of agricultural production. At the same time, the masses were extensively mobilized to build water conservancy projects and prevent and control disasters, and the irrigated area was expanded by about 80 million mu in one year, which initially changed the situation of river embankments in disrepair and frequent floods during the Republic of China period, and the total agricultural output value increased by an average of 8 percent in one year.

During this period, the industry achieved a great recovery and development. First of all, the production of state industry, which had been established through the confiscation of bureaucratic capital, was resumed. Rely on the working class to quickly repair machinery and equipment so that they can get back to work as soon as possible. In particular, the restoration and development of the Northeast Industrial Zone has effectively supported the construction of the whole country. In the industrial and mining enterprises of the whole country, the reform of the old management organization was carried out, and the irrational management system of oppression of workers was abolished. Purge the latent counter-revolutionaries in the factories and enterprises, and establish a socialist open-boiled management system. Mobilize the masses to carry out production reforms, create and popularize advanced production technologies and working methods, and launch campaigns to increase production and economize and labor competitions. The political enthusiasm and production enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers are very high. In one year, the country's industrial output increased by 34.8 per cent.

Thanks to the efforts of the people of the whole country, the national economy has been basically restored in a short period of one year, and the output of major products has greatly exceeded the highest annual output before the founding of the People's Republic of China.

At the same time, the people's living standards have been improved, the average wages of workers and workers across the country have increased by about 30 percent, and the incomes of peasants in various localities have generally increased by more than 10 percent. The state's financial and economic situation has also improved, creating the necessary conditions for carrying out planned socialist construction and socialist transformation.

Then Deng Feng, Liu Jun, Li Dawei and others also talked about how to speed up China's economic construction.

Deng Feng believes that after a one-year recovery period, the social and economic structure has also undergone great changes, and some gratifying achievements have been made. First of all, it is entirely correct that imperialist privileges in China have been abolished, but we must encourage foreign capital to continue to operate legally. And give certain preferential policies to support their development in China, because we need capital and technology now. We can participate in it through joint ventures and cooperation, change the quality of the economy and the form of ownership, and make it better serve our socialist economic construction; we must resolutely confiscate bureaucratic capital, gradually increase input according to the needs of the state, and gradually increase the proportion of the state-run economy and the collective-owned economy in the production of national income. The state-owned economy should be grasped and let go of the state, and the military industrial enterprises that have a bearing on the national economy and the people's livelihood and the means of production and on national security must be firmly in the hands of the state, so as to establish a leading position in the state-run economy. Appropriate support should be given to the national bourgeoisie, and they should be allowed to coexist with the actual economic form. As a supplement to the state-owned economy, but to limit the scale after the complete elimination of feudal land ownership. We can implement the household responsibility system in rural areas.

Premier Zhou Enlai inquired in detail about joint ventures, cooperation and the rural household responsibility system.

Li Dawei explained to the premier the form of "Sino-foreign joint venture, Sino-foreign cooperation". It is hoped that the state will introduce relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible. At the same time, some policies and regulations to encourage foreign investment in later generations were added to the prime minister.

Subsequently, Chen Jing, director of Lantian Farm, introduced to the premier that the rural household contract responsibility system, which was pioneered by later generations of Chinese people, said: "The household contract responsibility system refers to the form of agricultural production responsibility system in which peasant households contract land and other means of production and production tasks to collective organizations with families as units. Its basic characteristics are that while retaining the unified management necessary for the collective economy, the collective contracts land and other means of production to peasant households, and the contracted households make business decisions in accordance with the authority stipulated in the contract, and share the results of their operations on the premise of fulfilling the tasks of the state and the collective. The contractor and the collective economic organization sign the contract. The specific form is lump sum to the household. Each contractor pays agricultural tax to the state, sells products ordered under contract, and pays public reserves such as provident fund and public welfare fund to the collective. The rest of the product is owned by the farmers themselves. The main means of production of the household contract responsibility system are still owned by the collective; In terms of distribution, the principle of distribution according to work is still implemented; In production and business activities, the collective and the family have a share and a combination. I contracted the blue sky farm, the land belongs to the state, I have to complete the task of cultivating improved varieties assigned to me by the Chinese Academy of Sciences every year, of course, they also have to give some necessary technical support, in our farm there is a seed research and extension doctoral workstation of the Institute of Agriculture of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. I pay agricultural tax to the state every year, pay the contract to order products, and pay the provident fund, community chest and other public reserves to the farm, and pay all the employees, after five insurances and one housing fund, the rest is all owned by myself. ”

Comrade Chen Yun asked: "What are the five insurances and one housing fund you are talking about?" "Five insurances" refers to five types of insurance, including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance; "One gold" refers to the housing provident fund. Among them, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance, these three types of insurance are jointly paid by enterprises and individuals, and work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance are fully borne by enterprises. Individuals do not need to pay. The "five insurances" are statutory and must be paid by every employer. However, the "one gold" is not statutory, and it is up to the employer to decide whether to give the employee or not according to the enterprise's own situation." Chen Jing replied.