The Book of Filial Piety is a work of political ethics in ancient China, which focuses on filial piety and expounds Confucian ethical thoughts. The Book of Filial Piety affirms that filial piety is the norm set by God, and for the first time links filial piety with loyalty, believes that loyalty is the development and expansion of filial piety, and extends the social role of filial piety. It believes that if a person can perfect the way of honoring his parents and loving his brothers, he will move the gods of heaven and earth, and the four seas will be full of moral brilliance, and there is no place that will not be influenced by filial piety. "The Book of Filial Piety" has also made systematic and detailed provisions on the requirements and methods of implementing filial piety, it advocates that filial piety runs through all human behaviors, "our body hair and skin are given to us by our parents, we must cherish it, love it, because a healthy body and mind is the most basic condition for being a man and doing things, cherish it, love it is the beginning of filial piety." ”

Mencius records the activities of Mencius and his disciples, covering political, educational, philosophical, ethical and other doctrines and thoughts, compiled by Mencius and his disciples. Erya is the first dictionary in China, and it collects a relatively rich collection of ancient Chinese vocabulary. Er is the meaning of near, Ya is the meaning of positive, here refers to Yayan, that is, in terms of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar are standardized standard language, in the sense equivalent to today's Mandarin. Erya means to be close to and conform to the Yayan, and to use the Yazheng language to explain the ancient words and dialect words, so that they can reach the standard. "Erya" is the first comprehensive dictionary in China to be classified and arranged according to meaning, it puts words with similar meanings together and interprets them in a unified manner, which is the pioneering work of Chinese exegesis and an important reference book for ancient Confucian disciples to learn ancient texts. (Exegesis is the interpretation of the meaning of words in classical Chinese.) ）

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Confucian culture was dominant in the feudal era, and the Thirteen Classics, as a classic of Confucian culture, are incomparable to any other classics in terms of respect and influence. The supreme rulers not only looked for the principles and plans for governing the country and the world from the Thirteen Classics, but also relied on the Confucian classics as a basis when solving major issues such as the norms of their subjects' thoughts, the establishment of ethics and morality, and the orientation of folk customs and customs. The influence of the Confucian classics on society is everywhere and at all times.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", there was a "Five Classics", namely "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn", and in the Tang Dynasty, there were gradually "Nine Classics", namely "Poems", "Books", "Yi", "Three Rites", "Zhou Rites", "Rites", "Rites", "Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period", "Zuo Chuan", "Ram Biography", "Guliang Biography". In the Tang Wenzong period, in addition to the Nine Classics, the "Analects" and "The Book of Filial Piety", which had been included in the "classics" in the late Han Dynasty, were added, and the "Erya" was added to form the "Twelve Classics". During the period of Song Renzong, "Mencius" was added, forming the "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism" with a special status in feudal society.

Ma Qian of Taishi Company once discussed the spirit of Confucius's compilation of "Spring and Autumn" with Shangdafu Husui and said: "Zhou Yi" is a theory of writing the four times and five elements of yin and yang, mainly talking about changes; The Book of Rites is written about discipline and human ethics, mainly talking about people's words and deeds; The "Book of Shang" records the affairs of the previous kings, mainly discussing politics; The Book of Songs records mountains, rivers and valleys, birds, beasts, plants and trees, men and women, with an emphasis on folk customs; The reason why "music" is established is because music is mainly used to express harmony. (The Book of Music, one of the Confucian classics, is now lost, and later generations believe that it was destroyed by the burning of books by Qin Shi Huang.) ）

The "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism" do not exist independently of each other, and these thirteen classics are interrelated and complementary to each other, both in terms of content and ideology. If we want to understand any of these classics deeply, we need the help of other classics. As the supporting structure of Confucianism, the "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism" can be said to have their own emphasis. If we study the "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism" together, we can find that they are inherently the same. This is a very amazing thing, and it is also where it is necessary and interesting for us to learn Confucianism.

When we study the "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism", we can not only grasp the Confucian culture as a whole, but also find the ideological and behavioral basis of our daily life. For example: "Do not do to others what you do not want to be done to yourself", "If you are poor, you will be good to yourself, and if you are good, you will rule the world", "The old and the old, and the old of people; The young are not young, and the young of people" and so on, are all classic Confucian sentences.

We could go on and on. On the basis of the hundred schools of thought, many literary genres were produced in later generations, whether it was Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan song, or Ming and Qing novels, they were all derived on this basis. These genres may change in their expressions and new contents, but their philosophical meanings are ever-changing, and their philosophical roots are the doctrines of the Hundred Schools of Thought, which are classics of Chinese studies.

For example, Li Bai's poems are fresh and natural, which is a typical Taoist style, "clear water out of hibiscus, natural carving", is a love for pure beauty and nature. Su Shi has studied Buddhism for many years, and his bosom friend is also a high monk Buddha seal; He wrote in his work "Former Chibi Fu": "Parasitic mayflies in the heaven and earth, a drop in the sea", he lamented that life is short, people are too small, and at the same time led to the meaning of people's life; He said: "Between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, and it is not mine, although I have nothing to take." However, the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the ears can hear it, and the eyes meet it, and it is inexhaustible. It is the infinite hiding of the Creator, and the place where I and the Son are in harmony. It means that nothing in heaven and earth is ours, and blindly asking for it will only lead to a deep sea of suffering, so it is better to quietly enjoy the breeze and the moon, and enjoy the most precious gift that nature has given us; This is the Buddhist idea of freedom from suffering and happiness. There are also novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which are deeply influenced by Confucian culture, and the ethics and morality expressed in the novels are all the embodiment of Confucianism.

Next, let's enjoy the wisdom brought to us by the "Thirteen Classics of Confucianism"!

Chapter 2 "Timeless Classics, Cultural Roots"

First, the taxi can not be Hongyi, there is a long way to go

Autumn is colorful. Quiet and beautiful autumn, with rhyme and grace; The autumn of abundance is joyful; The deep autumn, the reverie is infinite; The autumn is far-reaching, vast and vast. Autumn is a little less prosperous and a little more fruitful; Autumn is a little less colorful and a little more deep and heavy; Autumn is a little less vibrant, a little more down-to-earth, but the vastness and quiet beauty of autumn are incomparable to any season. In autumn, nature harvests a lot, but there is still someone who cultivates with hope, no matter how noisy the outside world is, he always likes to walk in his own world.

watched the flowers bloom and fall, read the full moon and the lack of the moon, and experienced the noise, but after all, I couldn't find myself in it; I have experienced happiness, but often because of many things in reality, I disturb my mood and affect my peaceful state of mind. Suddenly I feel that this kind of literature is so lonely, but I like loneliness very much, and I am willing to write loneliness into beauty, resonate with people, and soothe the weakest pain in my heart. With such a life, so many hurried steps, who will catch a glimpse of your faint sentimentality. A man who stands on earth all his life and finally disappears, and the memories of him are like the sea water washed by the moonlight, deep blue, without any mottling. I really want to say goodbye to an experience in the past, flick my clothes, and give myself a turn, maybe I am not as free and easy as I imagined now.