In addition to the "Leaving the Teacher's Table" in history, there is also the "Later Leaving the Division's Table", in terms of time, the "Leaving the Division's Table" was written before Zhuge Liang's First Northern Expedition, and the "Later Division's Table" was written after the First Northern Expedition and before the Second Northern Expedition. Pen fun and pavilion www.biquge.info

Historically, the source of the "Later Teacher Table" is also relatively controversial, and it is no longer possible to determine whether it was written by Zhuge Liang.

【Later Teacher Table】

The first emperor considered that Shu Han and Cao thieves could not coexist, and the emperor's business could not be secretly settled in one place, so he appointed his ministers to crusade against Cao Wei. With the discernment of the first emperor, he estimated the talents of his subordinates, and knew that his subordinates were going to conquer the enemy, and the ability was weak but the enemy was strong. However, if you don't crusade against the enemy, the royal industry will also be defeated; Do you sit back and wait to be killed, or do you take the initiative to conquer the enemy? Therefore, he did not hesitate at all to appoint his subordinates.

When his subordinates were appointed, they could not sleep well and had no taste for food. Thinking of going to the Northern Expedition, he should first go south. Therefore, in May, I crossed the Lushui River and went deep into the barren land, and I could only eat one meal in two days; It's not that the subordinates don't care for themselves, but they see that the emperor's business can't be preserved in Shudi, so they risk the danger to carry out the emperor's last wish, but the disputants say that this is not the best policy. At present, the enemy is tired of dealing with the rebellion in the border counties in the west, and the east is trying his best to deal with Sun Wu's attack, and the art of war requires that the enemy attack be launched while the enemy is in need, and now is the time to march quickly! I would now like to state these things as follows:

Emperor Zu's wisdom can be compared with that of the sun and the moon, his advisers are knowledgeable and far-reaching, but they still have to go through hardships and dangers, be traumatized, and encounter dangers before they can be stable. Now, His Majesty is not as good as Emperor Gaozu, and his ministers are not as good as Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, but he wants to use a long-term strategy to win and calm the world in peace and stability, which is the first point that the ministers cannot understand.

Liu Miao and Wang Lang, each occupying a state and county; When discussing the strategy of keeping the peace, the words of the ancient sages are often quoted, and everyone is full of doubts and fears; If you don't fight this year and don't fight next year, let Sun Ce become strong and finally annex Jiangdong, which is the second point that his subordinates can't understand.

Cao Cao's intelligence and strategy far surpassed others, he used soldiers like Sun Wu and Wu Qi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, in danger in Wuchao, in Qishan was in distress, in Liyang was trapped by the enemy, almost defeated in Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then had to claim the title of the country for a while. What's more, the subordinates can be low, and they want to calm the world without risking hardships, which is the third point that the subordinates cannot understand.

Cao Cao attacked Changba five times but could not take it; tried to cross Chaohu Lake four times without success, and appointed Li Fu, who conspired against him; commissioned Xiahou Yuan, but Xiahou Yuan was defeated and died. The first emperor often praised Cao Cao for his ability, but there were still these setbacks, not to mention that his subordinates were inferior, how could he guarantee victory? This is the fourth point that his subordinates cannot understand.

It has been one year since his subordinates were stationed in Hanzhong, during which they lost more than 70 generals such as Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, and more than 70 generals. There are more than 1,000 soldiers such as generals, Wuqian, Susuo, Qingqiang, scattered cavalry, and martial cavalry. These are all elite forces that have been accumulated from all over the world over the past few decades, and they cannot be possessed by one state or one county; If in a few years, two-thirds of the original forces will be lost, and then what will be used against the enemy? This is the fifth point that His Majesty cannot understand.

Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot cease; The war cannot be stopped, and the cost of labor is equal to waiting for the enemy to attack and to go out to attack the enemy. Not taking advantage of this time to attack the enemy, but wanting to take Yizhou to hold on to the enemy for a long time, this is the sixth point that his subordinates cannot understand.

The most difficult thing to judge is the war. At the beginning, the first emperor's army was defeated in Chu, and at this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and applauded, thinking that the world had been pacified. However, later, the first emperor made peace with Sun Wu in the east, obtained the land of Bashu in the west, and sent troops to the north, and Xiahou Yuan lost his head; This was Cao Cao's miscalculation. It seems that the great cause of reviving the Han dynasty is about to succeed. However, later Sun Wu violated the covenant, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, and the first emperor was defeated in Zigui, and Cao Pi became emperor. It's all like this, and it's hard to predict. His Majesty can only do his best to rest until death. As for whether the defeat of Wei Xinghan was a success or a failure, a success or a difficulty, that was beyond the foresight of his subordinates' intelligence.

【Controversy】

The biggest controversy about the "Later Teacher Table" is that this article may not be written by Zhuge Liang, first of all, the "Later Teacher Table" is not recorded in the "Three Kingdoms" and "Zhuge Liang Collection" (Note 1), and it is from "Zhang Yanmo's Notes".

Zhang Yan is a famous scholar of Eastern Wu, died shortly after the fall of Shu Han, when Zhuge Liang was alive, Zhang Yan should have been born, but the age is estimated not to be too large, so Zhang Yan from the background, from the age point of view, it is basically impossible to be the author of "Later Teacher", this article should also be reprinted, and later may have been edited by Xi Chisel into the "Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period" (Note 2), and finally added by Pei Songzhi to the "Three Kingdoms".

The reason why there is controversy over whether the author is Zhuge Liang is because the source of this article is a bit far away, if it is recorded in "Three Kingdoms" or "Zhuge Liang Collection", then there will basically be no such controversy.

For me personally, the historical materials I adopt basically follow the following principles, first of all, there must be a source, secondly, there is no problem with the position, there is no contradiction, and then it can be reasonable, not too exaggerated, and finally it is best to be first-hand materials, basically all these are satisfied, I agree that it is the official history.

Looking at the "Later Teacher Table" according to this standard, first of all, there is a record of the source, and it can be said that there is a first-hand material record, and there is no information to record that the "Later Teacher Table" was written by someone else, that is to say, there is no contradiction, and the author and Zhuge Liang have little connection.

Let's take another look at whether it makes sense.

In history, the time between "Out of the Teacher's Table" and "Later Out of the Teacher's Table" is not far away, and there is only a two-year difference in the middle, it seems that Zhuge Liang has no need to write two articles in a short period of time, but in fact, Zhuge Liang is likely to have no choice, why? Because the first Northern Expedition ended in failure.

If he wins, Zhuge Liang really doesn't need to write "Later Teacher's Table", but if he loses, it's another matter. After the failure of the First Northern Expedition, it is foreseeable that there will be a wave of opposition to the Northern Expedition, and it is still necessary for Zhuge Liang to write a "Later Teacher's Table" to refute them.

Judging from the content of "The Later Teacher's Table", it is indeed the case, the focus of the content written is that Shu Han should not give up the Northern Expedition, even if there is a risk, the Northern Expedition policy should be continued, and it is also written sincerely, very realistic, Zhuge Liang did not guarantee that the Northern Expedition would be successful, but even if it was unsuccessful, it would be fought.

So Zhuge Liang has a reason, and it is necessary to write "The Later Teacher's Table" to support the continuation of the Northern Expedition, and the existing information also recognizes that "The Later Teacher's Table" is written by Zhuge Liang, Zhang Yan, Xi Chiaoya and Pei Songzhi are not characters of the same era, but they are not far from the Three Kingdoms era, they all recognize that "Later Teacher's Table" was written by Zhuge Liang, to deny this, there must be sufficient reasons if there is not enough information, otherwise "Later Teacher's Table" was not written by Zhuge Liang, who wrote it!

It is reasonable for Zhuge Liang to write the "Later Teacher Table", and there is also information to prove it, just saying that the "Later Teacher Table" is not recorded in the "Three Kingdoms" to deny that it was written by Zhuge Liang, because the "Three Kingdoms" itself is not much or complete, and most of the other first-hand information has been lost after two thousand years, so there are materials that show that it was written by Zhuge Liang or that the "Later Teacher Table" can be handed down is already very good.

Some people say that since the "Leaving the Teacher Table" is recorded in the "Three Kingdoms", why is there no record in the "Later Leaving the Teacher Table"? This seems to make some sense, but don't forget that "Out of the Teacher's Table" and "Later Out of the Teacher Table" are the names of later generations, in fact, these two articles are just Zhuge Liang's Shangshu at that time, and Zhuge Liang wrote so many letters to Liu Chan in history, are all recorded in "Three Kingdoms" and "Zhuge Liang Collection"?

If you want to deny that "The Later Teacher's Table" was not written by Zhuge Liang, or find the corresponding materials, or the real author, or there must be sufficient reasons why Zhuge Liang could not write "The Later Teacher's Table", otherwise it can only be seen from the information that Zhuge Liang wrote it, if even the "Later Teacher's Table" has to be forcibly disputed that it was not written by Zhuge Liang, then there are too many things that can be disputed.

Blind denial without evidence, without reason, will not work.

Note 1: "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Zhuge Liang Collection" were both edited and arranged by Chen Shou.

Note 2: It is possible that the "Later Teacher's Table" in the "Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" is not taken from the "Records of Zhang Yanmo", but other materials that have been lost.