The Western Regions belonged to the Han Dynasty from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info There were 36 kingdoms in the Western Regions during the Western Han Dynasty, some of which were nomadic tribes and the other part was the country of cities. Most of these countries are relatively small, the country with a large number of people was the largest country at that time, only 80,000 people, a country like Xiaowan was only more than 1,000 people, and the total number of all the countries in the Western Regions was only more than 200,000, not even as large as the number of a large county in the Central Plains at that time. The 36 kingdoms of the Western Regions were divided into 55 kingdoms after BC. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shanshan, Khotan, and Cheshi annexed some small countries nearby. After the Eastern Han Dynasty re-established the Western Regions Protectorate, it intervened, and the annexed small states regained their independence one after another.

One of the three largest of these states, Khotan, was annexed by Shache in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Yongping of the Han Ming Dynasty (61 AD), the nobleman Guangdeli proclaimed himself king, led his troops to defeat the Shache kingdom, and re-established the Khotanese kingdom. In 73 A.D., the Han army Sima Banchao to Khotan, the king of Khotan saw that the Han Dynasty army was so strong, did not dare to provoke, if it provoked the danger of losing the country, so the king of Guangde killed the Xiongnu envoy to the Han. Ban Chao took this as a base, attacking Gumo in the north, Shache and Shule in the west, and Khotan all sent troops to help.

In fact, this is also an era of who is strong and who speaks, as Khotan has been taking refuge in Han, slowly becoming stronger, developing for decades, Khotan wants to expand, just in 129 A.D., a king called Khotan called Fangqian killed the king of a small country Humi, but set up his own child as the king of Humi. Then how can this Han see his little brother bigger, once the little brother is bigger, it will be difficult to control, so in 132 years, Dunhuang Taishou Xu sent 20,000 people to attack Khotan, although a Khotanese country is larger than the small countries around him, but compared with the Han, it is simply a projectile land, in the face of 20,000 Han Dynasty soldiers, Khotan is naturally defeated, not defeated, the key is not to fight, can only be soft. The emperor of the Han dynasty also established the sect of King Hu Mi as the king. By 175 years, the Han Dynasty's control over the Western Regions had been greatly weakened, because at this time it had come to the time of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, it was strange to think about it, because soon after the death of Emperor Ling, and then the world was in chaos. He once again killed the king of his family, and also killed many people in the kingdom of Humi. At that time, the captain of Wuji and the chief of the Western Regions each sent troops to assist the king of Humi, but at that time, there were only 1,000 people left in the Humi country, and they could no longer support it, and the control of the Lingdi period was also weak. Then Khotan saw that the Han could no longer control itself, so he began to send troops and annexed the cities of Pishan, Qule, Ronglu, and Humi. It became a powerful country that "obeyed from the exquisite northwest to the thirteen kingdoms of Shule".

Another relatively strong country, Shanshan State, is also one of the ancient countries in the Western Regions, with the capital of Hunicheng (near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). [Mud and Mi are not the same, don't think I'm directly posted after Baidu Encyclopedia, I checked a lot of information, and then summarized which era, these small countries are really not easy to check. In order to write about Pound and Hu Du to fight these small countries, we can only slowly investigate, check the development history of these small countries, as well as the various emperors of the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty] Shanshan State leads to Dunhuang in the east, and the end of the west, Jingjue, Detention Mi, Khotan, the northeast is open to traffic, and the northwest is through Yanqi, which is the key point of the Silk Road. Producing horses, donkeys, camels, etc. His real name is Loulan. Emperor Yuanfeng of Lou Han Zhao was called Loulan in the fourth year (77 years ago), and later changed the name of the country to Shanshan. Loulan is a good place, really a good place, producing horses, donkeys, and the key is all kinds of good things, which made the emperor of the Han Dynasty frequently send troops to control it.

"Hanshu Western Regions Biography" contains: "Shanshanguo, whose real name is Loulan, Wang Zhihu Mud City, went to Yangguan for 1,600 miles, and went to Chang'an for 6,100 miles. The households were five hundred and seventy, the mouths were fourteen thousand, and the victories were two thousand nine hundred and twelve. Fuguo Hou, Qihu Hou, Shanshan Duwei, Commander of the Fighting Division, one Commander of the Left and Right and Qu, and one Commander of the Fighting Division, and two translators. Northwest to the capital of the protection of the office (now Zhangye, Gansu) 1,785 miles, to the mountain country 1,365 miles, northwest to the Cheshi 1,890 miles. Disha halo, Shaotian, Jitian Yanggu next to the country. The country produces jade, and there are many reeds, tamarix, tung and white grass. The people chase water and grass with the herdsmen, have donkeys and horses, and have many camels, and can be soldiers, and are the same as the Qiang. "According to the recorded place, Shanshan country is in the Shanshan region of present-day Xinjiang.

You look at the horse-producing land, and the jade is still produced, it is naturally a good place, and you can't let the powerful neighbor Han worry about it, so na, you can be thin and weak alone, but you must not be thin and weak, you still have money, if so, your neighbor will definitely rob you. But this Loulan is also quite two-faced in history. Because it is a country between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, compared to the Khotanese State from the Han Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, before independence, it has always belonged to the Han Dynasty, and Loulan has indeed been repeated in history, sometimes to the Han, sometimes to the Xiongnu. After Liu Fuling expressed his displeasure with the king of Loulan, he sent Fu Jiezi to sneak into Loulan and kill the king of Loulan, and then moved the city of Loulan from the west bank of Lop Nur to the city of Yixun on the south bank (now Milan, Ruoqiang County), and placed Yixun Duwei to pacify it, and changed its name to Shanshan. You look at how powerful Liu Fuling is, no, to be precise, how powerful the Han is, the emperor was not happy with you, and immediately went to kill the king of other people, moved the capital of other people, and changed the name of other people's countries. Thinking about how strong the Han was back then, compared with the Han that exists in name only, it is not the same day, and now the Han is basically equivalent to extinction, and it has lost control of these countries.

The last country of the car division, said that the country of the car division, is also an ancient country. Cheshi, one of the kingdoms of the Western Regions in eastern Central Asia. The national capital was Jiaohe (northwest of present-day Turpan, Xinjiang, China). It leads to Dunhuang in the southeast, Loulan and Shanshan in the south, Yanqi in the west, Wusun in the northwest, and Xiongnu in the northeast, which is an important trading station on the Silk Road. Cheshi is an ancient people, formerly known as "Gushi". Why did the name Gushi change to a car master? What about this problem? Hehe, it's also very interesting. Cheshi is the gateway for the Xiongnu to enter the Western Regions, and is located in the traffic artery from Yumen Pass along the north road of the middle section of the Silk Road into the Western Regions, which is a battleground for soldiers. So? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to fight the Huns, naturally he would not let go of here, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanfeng three years [108 years ago], Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhao Ponu and Zhonglang to lead Wang Hui to lead the troops to break the Gu Division, such a small country is naturally not beaten, a fight will be won, a win, the Han Wu Emperor Bureau will be renamed the Che Division, and later his son Liu Fuling also learned his trick, changed the country name of Loulan, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed a word for the family, changed the aunt to the car division, Liu Fuling changed the two words of the people, changed Loulan to Shanshan, But fortunately, Liu Fuling didn't change a word, if Loulan was changed to a floor slab, it would be even more ridiculous. From the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty had a long-term fierce competition here, known as the "Five Battles for the Carriage Division" in history.

Now that the Han Dynasty [that is, the Eastern Han Dynasty has lost control of the Western Regions], and the Xiongnu have long been in decline, these three small countries have begun to stand on their own, Loulan is a good place, and the Cheshi is also a good place, Ma Hong will not let go, so he naturally sends troops to take the Western Regions as his own. (To be continued.) )