Djibouti (French La République de Djibouti, Arabic: ㄆ, Afar: Gabuutih) Afar means "boiling steamer", located on the west coast of the Gulf of Aden in northeastern Africa, choking the Red Sea into the Indian Ocean, bordering Somalia to the southeast, Ethiopia on three sides to the southwest, west and northwest, and Eritrea to the north.

The terrain of Djibouti is complex, with towering volcanoes, deep lakes, most of which are volcanic plateaus with low altitudes, deserts and volcanoes account for 90% of the country's area, and there are low-lying plains and lakes. The southern part is mostly plateau and mountainous, with an altitude of 500~800 meters. The Great Rift Valley passes through the central part of the region, and Lake Assar at the northern end of the rift zone is 150 meters below sea level, the lowest point on the continent. The northern Musa Ali Mountain is 2,010 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the country.

Legend has it that after the 8th century, the Arabs moved to the northern Horn of Africa along the Gulf of Aden, and the Somalis, Issa and Afar settled in Djibouti and engaged in nomadic herding. Arab immigrants mostly operated businesses along the coast, established towns, spread Islam, and intermarried with the local population, forming a society with a mixture of Somali and Arab cultures.

Prior to the colonialist invasion, Djibouti was ruled by a number of scattered sultans. In 1850 the French invaded and in 1882 they obtained residency in Djibouti. In 1883~1887, France forced the local sultan to sign a series of treaties and gradually occupied this area. In 1888 and 1900, France signed treaties with Britain and Italy, and in 1896 established the colonial government of "French Somalia". In 1897, an agreement was signed with Ethiopia to delimit the borders of French Somalia. The 1946 French constitution made the region one of the French overseas territories and was ruled directly by the French governor-general. After the Second World War, independence movements emerged in African countries, and the issue of independence in French Somaliland was complicated by the antagonism between the Issa and Afar ethnic groups. In 1957, France granted the region "semi-autonomous" status. On 5 July 1967, the French Parliament passed a resolution renaming the territory "French Afar and Issa Territory" and granting it "de facto autonomy" status. The struggle of the Djibouti people for independence was growing and the Organization of African Unity, the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries and the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolutions granting Djibouti independence, and France declared its agreement to Djibouti on 31 December 1975. On 8 May 1977, Djibouti held a national referendum, in which 98.7 per cent of voters voted in favour of independence. On 16 May of the same year, Djibouti formed a new cabinet, and Hassan Goude, president of the African People's Alliance for Independence, was elected as its first prime minister. On 24 June of the same year, the Djibouti Proposal formally elected Hassan Gouled as President of the Republic. On 27 June, Djibouti declared independence and formally established the Republic of Djibouti. Ahmed Dini was appointed Prime Minister. In 1981 the Government banned all opposition parties and recognized only the ruling party as a legitimate party. In April 1987, presidential and parliamentary elections were held, and Gouled was re-elected. In 1991, the political situation in Djibouti was relatively volatile. In 1992, the ban on political parties was lifted, and freedom of political parties and the press were implemented. On 26 December 1994, the Kyrgyzstan Government and the rebels formally signed an agreement on peace and national reconciliation. The rebels abandoned the armed struggle and became a legitimate political party, and the civil war in Kyrgyzstan ended.