Chapter 378: Hangzhou Agreement
readx; The Soviet Union soon joined the negotiations, which soon became negotiations between China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and Russia, and the negotiations between these five countries were basically divided into two camps, and the core of the negotiations began to turn to the question of how to reform the Soviet Union. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. biquge。 info
Progress in the negotiations remained slow, and the Soviet Union disagreed with many of the reform demands made by China and Russia.
This time, however, the Chinese and Russian representatives were surprisingly patient, and they did not look in the slightest hurry, drinking tea and crossing their feet in the venue, as if they were not interested in the negotiations.
Or rather, there is no fear.
Indeed, China and Russia at this time are indeed emboldened.
It was the USSR, as well as Britain and the United States, that were in a hurry.
The initiative is in the hands of China and Russia, anyway, drag it out! If an agreement is not reached until the beginning of spring, Xia Jun is really likely to attack the Soviet Union, but the Soviet Union will not be destroyed at that time.
The negotiations between the five countries have also aroused great concern from all countries in the world.
In the face of a rising China, the Western Caucasian world is generally repulsive.
Some people are even clamoring that a new round of yellow perils in the world is coming.
The theory of the China threat has become loud and widespread, widely circulated in Western countries, and recognized by many Caucasians.
Although Western countries generally support the theory of the China threat, there is no way to deal with China at this time.
At this time, China was already as solid as an iron bucket, and had the absolute initiative in the military, economic, and political fields.
The Chinese Empire had formed a world system of its own.
In this world system, the Chinese Empire firmly controls the right to speak and make decisions.
Even if the Chinese Empire was closed to the rest of the country at this time, it could develop no worse than the West.
The Chinese Empire does not necessarily need to rely on exports, China has its own world system, its own market, and this market is constantly growing.
When science and technology have developed to a certain extent, construction is very simple.
Coupled with the fact that wealth was not lost to the outside world, the member states of the world system of the Chinese Empire were growing rapidly.
At one point, the negotiations dragged on until the end of the year.
In 1921, the Chinese Empire's GDP exceeded 200 billion yuan, and its economic growth rate reached 30%.
The U.S. economy had a gross national output of only $90 billion, and the U.S. dollar was twice as much as the Asian dollar at this time, and in terms of gross output, the U.S. was already $10 billion lower than the Chinese Empire in 1921.
However, in terms of the overall economy, the economies of Western countries and the United States together far exceed those of the Chinese Empire.
Although the GDP of the Chinese Empire reached 200 billion yuan in 1921, the data released to the public at the end of the year showed that the GDP of the Chinese Empire was only 170 billion yuan, an increase of only 20 billion yuan compared with last year.
However, the Chinese Empire began to hide its clumsiness, in order to paralyze Western countries, so that Britain and the United States and other countries always thought that the economic strength of the Chinese Empire was inferior to theirs.
This data has caused a lot of confusion among the people.
Why is the economy growing by only 13% this year? In previous years, there was generally a growth rate of more than 30%, what is going on?
For this reason, various media have analyzed and explained, saying that after the end of the European War, the capital of Britain and the United States and other countries returned to the international market, and the export of Chinese Emperor [***] has decreased by more than 90% compared with the original, and exports have begun to be sluggish, so the economic growth rate has slowed down.
However, the media also compared Western countries, believing that in the average developed country, its economic growth rate generally does not exceed 10% per year, and the Chinese Empire can reach 13% this year, which is already very good.
Of course, such an explanation did not seem to be the case in countries such as Britain and the United States, but then Western spies learned the inside story from an insider.
The slow economic growth rate of the Chinese Empire last year was due to the fact that the East China Group had diverted its profits to political axes for successive years, and the Chinese Empire had lost money in many construction projects, especially the war against the Soviet Union, so the economic growth rate slowed down.
This reason really makes sense, after all, the political axe of the Chinese Empire has taken so much money from the East China Group year after year, and the East China Group, as a behemoth that monopolizes 60% of the economy of the Chinese Empire, naturally has no way to make progress.
At the same time, the welfare of the Chinese Empire was too good, which caused many citizens to be reluctant to do things, and so on.
The United States learned through spies that the Chinese Empire was planning to launch an unprecedented general offensive next year, with the intention of destroying the Soviet Union in one fell swoop, thereby withdrawing the Chinese Empire from the war.
The U.S. political axe is both relieved and worried.
The rest assured is that the Chinese Empire is, after all, a country with no experience in economic development, and its welfare is too good to compete with the United States, which will soon be able to throw China far behind.
The concern is the fate of the Soviet Union next year, and with the determination that the Chinese Empire is currently showing, it may indeed launch an attack on the Soviet Union next year.
In fact, the GDP of the Chinese Empire in 1921 had reached 200 billion Asian dollars, and although the national welfare was good, in fact the people did not become lazy and indifferent.
Moreover, although the Chinese Empire spent some money in the war against the Soviet Union, it was not actually the kind that affected development.
At this time, the Chinese Empire could print tickets, and as long as the military expenditure was not high to a certain extent, it would not affect economic development.
But hiding is definitely needed, and if it is not hidden, China will be seen as the primary threat by many countries, and will be too wary of China.
Just as the United States before World War II, in order to trigger a world war, the country was depressed for ten years, which caused the economic recession of all countries in the world, and gave other countries the courage to declare war on the United States, such as the Ben.
If there is too much power, then other countries may be overwhelmed from starting a war easily.
At this time, the Chinese empire had already begun to formulate a comprehensive plan for hiding the secrets, in addition to using data to deceive people every year, but also to cooperate with various fields and industries.
But normal development continues.
Data can deceive, but other countries would not have imagined that the Chinese Empire would use even lower data.
The general ruler is that the more beautiful the data, the better, and he is constantly singing red. And the Chinese Empire was constantly singing black at this time.
However, in order not to discourage the morale of the alliance member countries, the Chinese empire made a big deal of boasting about the economic development of the alliance member countries.
It is difficult for other countries to know the real economic development of the Chinese Empire, after all, judging the economic development of a country, even if it is a field investigation, it is impossible to see the overall situation after visiting many regions.
If you want to see the big picture, you have to have data.
And this data was completely altered by the Chinese Empire.
This is not a change made after the data is aggregated, but a change is made before the data is aggregated.
As a result, other countries were unable to make the right judgment that the Chinese Empire had always lagged behind the United States in economic development.
In terms of per capita income, the Chinese Empire has also made a lot of tricks.
This year's average national income is 260 yuan, or $130, which is the result of subtracting taxes and profits from the East China Group.
Since the East China Group is not included in it, and at the same time, the profits of the East China Group are not owned by individuals, but most of them are handed over to the state, so they are not counted as individuals.
With the exception of the East China Group, the gap between the rich and the poor in the Chinese Empire was very small. Therefore, the average income of 260 yuan is not large.
At the same time, this average income is calculated by counting all those children, directly using 500 million people.
The personal income of the people at the bottom is generally about 80 yuan, which is still the inland area, and the money in the inland area is more valuable, so the gap between the income of coastal residents and the income of residents in terms of diet and other aspects is not large, and there is a gap in the purchasing power of industrial products.
In coastal areas, the lowest annual income is generally 100 yuan, which is the minimum wage.
Of course, in order to hide the clumsiness, the average income of the Republic of China in the Chinese Empire was reduced to 200 yuan in terms of data, which is exactly in line with the data of gross national product.
By comparison, the average national income of the United States is $300, three times that of the Chinese Empire.
In fact, the Chinese Empire at this time was still very low in terms of taxes, compared to the United States, which was much higher.
At this time, the Chinese Empire was accumulating people's power, so the tax revenue was still only maintained at about 13%, but the seigniorage tax had risen to 5%, and in general, the tax revenue of the Chinese Empire added up to about 18%.
It seems that the gap between the two countries is indeed very large, and the average national income of the United States is three times that of China, but because of the large number of people in China, China's economic aggregate is piled up.
But in fact, the gap is not so big, as far as the coastal areas are concerned, in fact, the productivity is not lower than that of the United States, but the overall labor cost is not as high as that of the United States.
This also caused the East China Group to have a very high profit, the East China Group basically made more than 50% of the annual profit, and the part of the East China Group's profit was included in the national income, not as the national average income.
If you follow the normal algorithm, you have to count Xia Jun's huge income. The United States just doesn't take into account the profits of the monopoly bankers.
According to U.S. calculations, the per capita income of the Chinese Empire would have been much higher.
Judging from the data, in 1921, there was still a gap between the economies of the Chinese Empire and the United States, and the United States still maintained the lead.
Only a few people within the Chinese Empire know that the current economic aggregate of the Chinese Empire has surpassed that of the United States, but it has not yet completely increased in per capita.
However, the United States knows one thing that the scale of production of the Chinese Empire in automobiles, aircraft, and other industries is even greater than that of the United States, and at this time the Chinese Empire has become the world's second largest industrial country, the world's largest population, and the current army size has also risen to the world's first.
In terms of war capability alone, the United States is no match for China.
Then next year, the Chinese Empire will completely destroy the Soviet Union, there is a feasible surname, and the feasible surname is huge.
This also gave the United States the illusion that after agreeing to the armistice conditions proposed by the Chinese Empire and stabilizing the situation in the face of Soviet Russia, the United States could leave China far behind through development.
After the release of the economic data of the Chinese Empire in 1921, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union quickly reached an unanimous attitude.
The Soviet Union reluctantly agreed to the reform demands, and after the Soviet reform, it could no longer promote things hostile to Nicholas II, and at the same time allowed Russian films to be shown in the Soviet Union.
This reform in the Soviet Union was a kind of cultural invasion.
Russia does not need to import anti-Soviet things into the Soviet Union, as long as it imports some films that show the material life of the Russian people, it can change the impression of Russia in the minds of the Soviet people.
The Soviet Union also had countermeasures, and the United States promised the Soviet Union that it could provide annual assistance to the Soviet Union in terms of material.
But as long as you open your mouth, it will not be so easy to block it, even if the Soviet Union is psychologically prepared. Cultural invasions are often more terrifying than military invasions.
Just like China in later generations, it was frantically invaded by American culture, resulting in a group of people who unwittingly became lackeys for the Yankees.
If you don't give the United States a lackey, the Yankees give him money and let him be a lackey.
There are also a large number of people who are dissatisfied with the status quo and do not understand the true nature of the Yankees, thinking that the American society is how good it is, so they unconsciously become lackeys for the Yankees.
As long as the propaganda is good, a whole bunch of lackeys will appear within the USSR in the future.
And these lackeys will not consider themselves lackeys, because they think that this is for Nicholas II.
After all, Nicholas II was the emperor of Russia before, and many Soviet people still missed Nicholas II to a certain extent at this time, especially the middle and upper strata of the original Russia, who are now beaten into poor eggs, and most hope that Nicholas II can counterattack Europe.
The negotiations between the five countries soon entered the final stage.
Britain paid for the tariff benefits of its homeland and colonies, and the United States paid a part of the tariff benefits for light industry, and the Chinese Empire, having obtained these benefits, brokered a ceasefire in the civil war in Soviet Russia, and the Soviet Union paid the price for reforms.
As for the question of limiting the tonnage of the navy raised by the British, the Chinese Empire did not mention it, and the final agreement reached did not have such a thing.
The five delegations reached the "Hangzhou Agreement" in Hangzhou, China, which is a master agreement, and this agreement also extends the "China-US-UK Trade Agreement", "China-US-UK-South America Consensus", and "Soviet-Russian Understanding Agreement".
On the South American question, the Chinese Empire did not insist too much.
However, the Chinese Empire did not fully agree to the demands of Britain and the United States, and the Chinese Empire still maintained the right to send arms and provide military guidance to the members of the Third World Alliance in South America.
However, the United States also has the right to provide arms and military guidance to South American countries, but both sides have restrictions on the amount and type of arms they provide. At the same time, on naval issues, neither the Chinese Empire nor the United States could make the most advanced battleships for the South American countries, and so on.
It is equivalent to saying that the Chinese empire and the United States are engaged in a kind of fair competition on the South American issue.
For the United States, although South America is a backyard, as long as a country does not rise in this backyard that can threaten the United States with military force.
Although China can continue to export arms to South American countries, if advanced arms are restricted, then South America's third world member states will not be able to pose a military threat to the United States.
As long as that's it, that's enough.
As long as the United States maintains its internal tariff protection policy, coupled with the bubble economic development model of overdraft consumption, it can quickly leave China far behind.
The idea is indeed very good, and in terms of the current intelligence available to the United States, this path is indeed theoretically feasible. It's just that the reality is 108,000 miles away from the idea.
Britain is not willing to put the issue of naval restrictions on the ground, although the Hangzhou agreement did not achieve the goal, but it does not mean that Britain has given up.
The concessions made by Britain in the "Hangzhou Agreement" are naturally paid by the United States, and Britain will not give up its interests for no reason, and the United States must bear this part of the losses.
For this reason, the United States has reduced the interest on loans from 30 million pounds a year to 10 million pounds, which can be regarded as making up for the losses of the United Kingdom.
It seems that the United States has made a lot of gains, but in fact the United States has nothing to lose.
For a scammer who can cheat other people's money away at any time, he will not lie to you for the time being, but just make you fat and cheat, and in the end the money is still a liar.
According to the benefits obtained in this agreement, Britain was able to pay off its debt to the United States as soon as 1935.
As for Britain's loans to China, Britain still had to pay about £8 million a year in interest to the Chinese Empire, which did not lend as much money to Britain as the United States in the first place.
The amount of money that the United States lent to Britain was too much, but the Chinese Empire also lent a lot of money to the United States, and there were also nearly 500 million pounds in loans.
These loans were mainly provided to Britain in the form of arms and supplies, so that in terms of cost, the Chinese Empire actually recovered only 150 million pounds of cost.
The cost would be recouped with interest, and Britain would have to pay back 500 million pounds to the Chinese Empire.
Although the pound depreciated, the Chinese Empire originally lent money to Britain in the form of revival coins, so Britain had to use the exchange rate of revival coins to repay the money.
The Chinese Empire already had a relatively large number of gold reserves, and a solid gold standard system had been established at this time, so although the Chinese Empire printed a lot of bills, it did not depreciate in the international exchange rate.
Britain has to spend this amount of money every year to pay off its debts, which naturally leads to a very empty national strength. Naturally, it cannot afford a naval arms race, and the United States also feels that there is no point in conducting a naval arms race for the time being.
At the same time, Britain also wanted to limit the development of national armies, so the League of Nations began to frequently invite China and the United States to join.
The League of Nations, short for League of Nations, was an organization established by Britain after World War I, the predecessor of the United Nations.
To put it simply, this is an organization of the Entente that intends to intervene in the countries of the world with Britain as the boss.
But to be honest, Britain doesn't have that deterrent anymore.
The United States was not willing to be subordinated to Britain, so Congress did not approve the accession to the League of Nations.
Naturally, China will not run to join the League of Nations, and not only will China not join the League of Nations, but it will also set up a Third World League of its own.
Naturally, China will not participate in this League of Nations, so the current position of this League of Nations is very embarrassing.
The current permanent members of the League of Nations are Britain, France, Ben, and Italy, but the influence of these four countries in the world has been greatly reduced.
Italy and Ben can only be regarded as second-rate countries at this time.
Or rather, a third-rate country.
If China and the United States are regarded as world-class powers, then countries such as Britain and France can only be regarded as second-rate, and Italy and Japan can only be regarded as third-rate.
Although Britain may not be able to win a war against it, the problem is that it is in Asia, just on the edge of China, and it is basically difficult to do anything militarily, and now it is acting as a little brother to the United States to contain China, and there is no hope in the army, and it is now concentrating on developing the navy with the intention of countering the Chinese navy, which is expanding outward.
(To be continued)