Chai Dongliang and Professor Goodnow have benefited a lot, and it is too difficult to communicate with such a world-class scholar. Most of the so-called constitutional experts he came into contact with were students studying in the book, who were full of running trains but had no real talent to learn, and when they were in the book, they were either bent on making a revolution or spending time in the crotch of the women. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was an international student examination, and the top six were all studying in Europe and the United States, while very few of them even passed the book. Yuan Shikai didn't look down on them, and the instructors basically used to be directly invited from Germany and Yueben, instead of foreign students, so when the whole country was against them in the Xinhai year, Beiyang was able to maintain stability.

Goodnow was Gu Weijun's teacher at Columbia University, and Gu Weijun always gave him a discipleship and was respectful when he met. As a generation that grew up after the Civil War, Goodnow hated the Civil War, and the mark that the war left on Americans with half a million dead and wounded was so profound. Goodnow, in particular, hated those who provoked civil war for no reason. In China, he has consistently criticized the authoritarian power of the Senate, and has criticized the Senate's monopoly on undermining the principle of separation of powers and mutual checks and balances, especially the Senate's interference in the judiciary.

Goodnow is a world-renowned master of law, a professor at Columbia University, dean of law school, president of Hopkins University, and a Republican presidential candidate??? This series of prestigious titles and his position in academic circles could not lift the heads of several so-called constitutional experts of the Kuomintang in the Senate.

Not to mention that those two knives are not enough to see, even the famous Liang Qichao and Yang Du are obedient to him, Liang Qichao admires Goodeno's knowledge, as for Yang Du, he has his own little abacus, he is pulling Goodno's tiger skin to fill the banner to sell his private goods that the imperial system is better than the republican system.

Chai Dongliang regarded himself as a primary school student and humbly listened to Goodeno's teachings. When it comes to playing conspiracy, pulling out a Shaoxing master with a knife and pen is a hundred times stronger than Goodnow, the candidate for the president of the United States. Goodnow was originally a learned old man who taught at Columbia University for thirty years. If you want to talk about his theoretical level and teaching level, of course, there is nothing to say, but he has lived in an ivory tower all the year round and does not know the sinister nature of people's hearts. If we talk about judging the general trend of the world and understanding historical figures, Chai Dongliang is much stronger than Goodnow, and he is more than 100 times stronger than him in engaging in industrial military training, which is the biggest advantage of people who travel through the country.

But when it comes to the theory of governing the country, Chai Dongliang is blind, and his original approach is to copy the future generations. For example, the land reform was borrowed from Taiwan after World War II, and the civil service system was completely copied from Singapore, and Chai Dongliang tried his best to choose the countries of the Confucian cultural circle in later generations to study, so as to avoid the problem of adaptation of the system in later generations to China.

But this is all fragmented and unsystematic, and how to run a real constitutional state is a great challenge for Chai Dongliang. This is also the biggest reason why he has never dared to call for the reunification of the whole country in a high-profile manner, nor has he dared to take the initiative to organize political parties to participate in the general election.

With the help of the book friend group, it is not particularly difficult to fight the world, the most difficult thing is how to govern the world, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces have made him unpleasant, and he is busy kicking the back of the head every day.

Goodnow was also very satisfied with Chai Dongliang, and compared with American students who had reached the level of conceit, Chai Dongliang's modesty and politeness peculiar to Oriental people made him even more pleased. Chai Dongliang was willing to learn, and Goodnow also taught him.

In the Military Advisory Office, Chai Dongliang asked respectfully: "Doctor, do you think that there are no inherent advantages and disadvantages of the republic and the imperial system, and the core of the internal system lies in the clarity of ownership, right?" Can I think so? Do you mean to say that the least bad system is the boiled and the imperial, and the worst is the pseudo-republican oligarchy? ”

Goodnow was stunned for a moment, then laughed: "The least bad system? It's a great way to say that there is no such thing as the best system in the world, only the bad one that is relatively not too bad. Your view is very correct, the sovereignty of the Mingzhu system lies in the people, this ownership is very clear, all power belongs to the people, the people participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs, the people use their votes to decide the direction of the country's development, right and wrong, good and bad results, all by the people to bear. The imperial system vested supreme power in the emperor, and the emperor authorized the parliament and the political axe to govern the country according to the requirements of the constitution, and this ownership was also very clear, and any corruption was regarded as an encroachment on the emperor's private property. Because the ownership of oligarchy is not clear, in principle, everyone has the opportunity to become an oligarch, so the reader must share a part of the profits to buy potential competitors, or eliminate them from the top. Whether it is bribery or killing, it will cause harm to the country and harm the people at the grassroots. ”

Chai Dongliang suddenly realized: "I seem to understand what you mean, that is, if China implements the presidential system now, the power of the president must be expanded as much as possible, and if the imperial system is implemented, the imperial power can be compressed or even deprived?" The emperor is like the national flag and national emblem, just a symbol of the state, and it is clear that the ownership of state power and land belongs to the emperor, but in fact he does not hold real power? Because with the presence of the emperor, the risk of a future oligarchy can be eliminated? The real purpose of the emperor's existence is to eliminate the danger of reading talents to the state, and at the same time to avoid the tyranny of the majority and protect the real interests of the people? ”

Goodnow's smiling eyebrows blossomed: "My dear general, I admire your wisdom. If you look at the history of France, it is a history of the tyranny of the majority, where the majority can deprive the minority of their right to exist at will, and the majority can at any time classify some of them into the ranks of the minority, and then kill them again???? One is a minority relative to ten, so if you kill this one, ten becomes nine, and then nine kills one again, and it becomes eight, and eight is still the majority relative to one???? When you get to the remaining four people, you will find that six people were actually sacrificed, but the majority of them were actually hurt??? Mingzhuo, republic, and imperial are all just systems, and there is no justice and evil in the system itself, and the only just system is to protect the freedom of people, whether it is the freedom of the majority or the minority, it is very meaningful. A system that can sacrifice a few people with peace of mind can bury the majority! ”

Chai Dongliang thoroughly understood what Goodnow meant, and he believed that the most suitable thing for China at present was a constitutional monarchy, because the imperial power was not directly involved in politics, so the emperor would not make mistakes, of course, the country was the most stable. The second is the presidential system, and it is a presidential system with far greater power than the United States, which changes the Congress from the Senate and the House of Representatives to a unicameral system, giving the president full power to manage the country, and the Congress is only an advisory body to the political axe, and at the same time highlighting the judicial reading, especially the power of the Constitutional Court. in order to avoid the infringement of unlimited executive power on the power of society and citizens.

The imperial system of Ming Cooking, the republic of Reading Cai, only these two systems are suitable for China, which is really interesting research results. However, no matter which of these two systems is implemented, there is a premise, that is, constitutionalism, whether it is an empire or a republic, it must be under the framework of the constitution, otherwise it will fall into the misconception of mob rule without falling into the quagmire of [***].

Goodnow looked at Chai Dongliang, who was distracted, and said with a meaningful smile: "Dear general, do you want to become a powerful scholar in the future, or an emperor with no real power?" Between the temptation of power and the honor of the emperor, only one can be chosen. ”

Chai Dongliang asked rhetorically: "You have been in Yanjing for a long time, so which path did Yuan Shikai choose?" ”

Goodnow smiled and said: "I don't know what he thinks, but many people around him are definitely unwilling to let Yuan Shikai only become a real power reader, they hope that Yuan Shikai will become an emperor with unlimited power, and this will destroy China, and at the same time destroy Yuan Shikai and the Beiyang that he has worked so hard to manage!" I'm writing a copy of The Imperial Republic, and I hope he will be inspired by it after reading it. ”

Chai Dongliang understood what he meant, and Goodnow firmly believed that the most suitable thing for China was the constitutional government of the hypocrite, but China had already determined the system of the republic, and it was difficult to accept the existence of the emperor. If you want to move from a republic to a constitutional monarchy, you must meet three conditions: first, the whole people must approve it, second, the great powers cannot oppose it, and third, you must formulate a plan for a constitutional monarchy, and you must not be perfunctory??? All three are indispensable.

Liang Qichao also gave a plan for this road, he believes that the whole people support the imperial system is the most important condition, if you want the whole country to approve the imperial system, there are also two conditions. The first is that the rulers make people extremely happy, and then the rich country and the strong army, when there is an opportunity to fight a vigorous war, so that China dominates the world, and after establishing great martial arts, the ruler can change the national system, from the president or prime minister of the republic to the emperor of the monarchy. The second way is to break the jar and break it, a protracted civil war has smashed the country, the mountains and rivers have been shattered, the people are completely disillusioned with the republic, and the whole country is looking forward to the emergence of a political strongman to quickly end this chaos. And it was at this time that such a strong political leader appeared, quickly ended the war, restored the country to unification, and then ascended to the throne of the emperor with unrivaled force.

In another time and space, Yuan Shikai did not occupy any end, neither let China dominate the world, nor did the country completely smash, he actually claimed the emperor at that time, it was simply a suicide.

Chai Dongliang looked at Goodnow and said solemnly: "Doctor, I hope you don't make this "Imperial Republic" public, this is for your future. ”

Goodnow wondered, "Why? ”

Chai Dongliang sighed: "Because many people hope to find out the theoretical basis for the superiority of the imperial system over the republic from your article, so as to achieve their ulterior purposes, your reputation will be tarnished by these villains." ”

Goodnow shook his head firmly: "I am a consultant invited by the National Political Axe, and my professional ethics do not allow me to annihilate my conscience, and I have to hand over the research results to them when I take the consultant fee of the National Political Axe." ”

Chai Dongliang shook his head helplessly, this nerd, he understands the current situation in China but does not understand the Chinese, this trip to China will inevitably destroy his reputation in academic and political circles.

Goodnow, this old man, has no hope of being elected president of the United States!

Chai Dongliang did not expect Goodnow to be the president of the United States to do anything good to China, but just reminded her out of personal feelings.

Allegiance is to be loyal to where power comes from. Even if Goodnow becomes president, his allegiance is still to the American electorate, and it is unlikely that personal feelings will help China. Maybe after this old man becomes the president of the United States, he will become the vanguard of aggression against China!

Chai Dongliang remembered that just after the success of the Xinhai Revolution, several soldiers in North Korea burst into tears of excitement, and they climbed to the top of the mountain to fire guns in celebration, shouting: "Long live the Xinhai Revolution, long live the Republic of China!" They believed that the success of the Chinese revolution would free the yellow race of Asia from the slavery of white Europeans and Americans, and that the strength of China would be of great help to the capital.

More than 20 years later, one of the soldiers with the loudest guns and the most fierce shouts was disguised as a spy to reconnoiter China's defense. When he was in Wuhan, he was searched by the local police, and the last copper plate on his body and the few pieces of torn clothes were robbed, and this person was begging all the way back to the Kwantung Army headquarters in Manchuria with his bare ass and sacks. He wrote a twelve-word comment on the Republic of China: "Officials are corrupt officials, the people are corrupt people, and soldiers are ruffians!" ”

Not long after, this person who had burst into tears and shouted "Long live the Republic of China" single-handedly planned the September 18 Incident, and with a deep understanding of China, he used only a few hundred people to capture the 70,000 Fengtian City defended by the Northeast Army armed with machine guns, artillery, tanks, and airplanes, and became the first person to invade China!

This man's name was Ishihara Waner, who was a senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army at the time, and was considered the most powerful strategist in World War II.

If the country is strong in internal affairs, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, it will naturally be the heyday of all countries coming to the dynasty. Expecting foreigners to protect China is nothing short of a dream.

People will insult themselves, and others will insult them!

The current second revolution is that Sun Wen brought humiliation on himself, not only did not consider the disparity in strength, but also took the lead in sabotaging the "Provisional Covenant" that he personally participated in formulating, and being spurned by the people of the world is the inevitable result.

The same is true of the later Yuan Shikai's claim to be the emperor, Gudeno and Liang Qichao both gave the conditions for changing from a republic to an imperial system, Yuan Shikai did not occupy any of them, neither the support of the whole country, nor the common support of the great powers, let alone the real formulation of a constitutional government to restrain the monarch's power.

The betrayal of relatives is purely to find bad luck for themselves, and they also ruined Professor Goodnow's chances of being elected president of the United States, which can be regarded as harming others and not benefiting themselves.

What's even more terrifying is that the Second Revolution and Yuan Shikai's proclamation as emperor, the direct consequence of these two farces is that the warlords are fighting, the land of China is full of smoke, the newborn republic has become a colosseum for jackals to compete, and 40,000,000 Chinese people have become lambs devoured by these tigers and wolves at will!

In the final analysis, the Chinese do not know how to compromise at all, and when the Senate gains power, it will make Yuan Shikai, the big president, a rubber stamp, and even not only erode the power of the judiciary. Yuan Shikai abolished the National Assembly as soon as he was in power, and then made himself a lifelong president. No matter who is in power, they can't wait to completely knock the opponent to the ground, and they have to step on thousands of feet, so that the opponent will never be able to turn over.

Impartial, dual-purpose! Confucius told the Chinese people 2,000 years ago that they should maintain moderation and not go to extremes.

Unfortunately, Chinese people who are familiar with the books of the sages do not have such wisdom, and until the 21st century, compromise is still a heavily derogatory term in the eyes of most Chinese.

"Governor, Chen Yingshi announced in Shanghai that the 61st Regiment of the Shanghai Army and the Youth Gang are attacking our Guanghua Group!" Gao Chuguan was outside the door, and he shouted loudly.

Chai Dong jumped up from the chair with a bright bang, gritted his teeth and said, "This bastard really hit the door!" ”

When Goodnow heard that something big had happened, and as an adviser to the Jianghuai Army on constitutional affairs, it was inconvenient for him to participate in such a major military event, so he turned around and took his leave.

Chai Dongliang turned to a piece of Bering paper handed over by Gao Chuguan, which was a telegram sent by He Tianshou from Shanghai.

On July 18, 1913, Chen Yingshi announced the Shanghai Reading Power and instigated the rebellion of the 61st Regiment of the Shanghai Army, and he led the Qing Gang and the 61st Regiment to attack the police station and the Shanghai Guanghua Group. Fang Qingyu arranged more than 300 people from two companies at the police station in advance, and the main force of the commercial police corps ensured the safety of Guanghua Group.

"Governor, Jiangsu Governor Cheng Dequan announced his reading power, and Sun Wen released a letter in Shanghai to discuss Yuan Yuan!"

"Governor, the former governor of Guangdong, Hu Hanmin, secretly sneaked back to Guangzhou, and sent a joint telegram with Chen Jiongming, the current governor of Guangdong, announcing that Guangdong Reading Power!"

“??? Tan Yanmin, the former governor of Hunan, announced that Hunan reads power! ”

"Sichuan Governor Xiong Kewu announced the reading power!"

"Fujian Governor Sun Daoren announced the reading power!"

"President Yuan Shikai announced the revocation of Sun Wen's full authority to handle railway construction affairs, and offered a reward of 100,000 silver dollars for the arrest of Huang Xing and a reward of 50,000 silver dollars for the arrest of Chen Yingshi."

Telegrams flew into the Military Advisory Office like snowflakes, and the adjutants ran happily, and the translators' fingers were numb.

Chai Dongliang sneered: "Your hands and feet are not slow!" Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian and one Shanghai, Sun Wen's momentum is not small! ”

"Governor, Lu'an Prefecture emergency telegram, Henan bandit white wolf is considered by Sun Wen to be the governor of the Yu army to fight against Yuan, he took tens of thousands of bandits to break through the three cities of Guangshan, Mall and Gwangzhou at the junction of Henan and Anhui, and is looting on a large scale, there are signs of a large-scale invasion of Anhui, and the merchants and people of Lu'an ask the governor to quickly send troops to strengthen the defense!"

After hearing this, Chai Dongliang was silent for a moment, and then laughed angrily: "This is really evil, it actually hit the doorstep!" ”

A group of bandits actually put on a posture and wanted to attack Anhui? This is really unbearable for uncles and aunts!

(To be continued)