For the blowing of glass bulbs, Li Xiang has personally practiced. www.biquge.info When he was an intern at university, he went to a glass factory and a light bulb factory. Of course, the glass factory is mainly for the production of flat glass and glass balls. And the bulb factory has a process, which is the blown glass bulb.

Many ordinary people don't know that in fact, glass has been around for a long time in ancient times, but in ancient China, glass was not called glass, but glass. Glass is one of the earliest man-made materials invented by human beings, between bronze and iron, as early as the second millennium BC, the two river basins have appeared primitive glass, and China began to learn the method of glass firing in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

In modern daily life, glass is the most common common material, so most people think that glass has always been a cheap ordinary thing, in fact, glass was one of the most expensive materials in history, until the invention of the blowing method, glass gradually became the material for making daily necessities, in the previous two or three thousand years, glass has been a luxury comparable to gold and precious stones, only a few upper dignitaries can enjoy.

Ancient Chinese ceramics industry developed, in the original porcelain in the firing temperature is too high and flow down the formation of transparent glaze droplets, its composition is potassium calcium silicate, this glaze droplets are already glassy substance, may be the earliest ancient glass in China, ancient glass preparation technology is from the original porcelain glaze technology evolved.

In fact, glass, ceramics, cement and refractory materials are the four major directions of inorganic non-metallic materials that Li Xiang learned in college, and they are all silicate products.

So when he heard his father guess that the glass lampshade was made of crystal, Li Xiang couldn't help but laugh and said, "Father, that crystal is also a rare thing, how can it be used to make a lampshade?" The material used to make this lampshade is called glass, which is similar to the glass used by princes and nobles, but it is cheaper and can be fired with a slight adjustment of the recipe using the material used to fire the enamel. ”

Li Kang said in surprise: "Xiang'er, is this true? If this thing can really be fired in large quantities, then this thing will definitely be popular in the world! Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said that foreign countries made water essence bowls. It is actually a combination of five kinds of ash to make it, and there are many people who have the right way to cast it. It's just that making a glass bowl is already a very sophisticated technique, and this glass lampshade seems to be more clever, and my father has also looked at it carefully, the glass lampshade is as thin as paper, crystal clear, and there is no flaw at all, and I don't know how to make it? ”

Li Xiang knew that the blowing method had not yet been introduced to China at this time, so the method of making glass bowls like those came from abroad, using the method of casting, and the appearance was polished and polished after forming, but the polishing always inevitably left traces. For example, the way of polishing the appearance of glass containers in the Han Dynasty is the same as that of Western Rome in the same period, which is to fix the glass container on the lathe runner and rotate the runner with a rope belt for polishing, and the grinding marks will tend to one direction, so the processing traces of this glass product can be seen with the naked eye.

The glass products made by the blowing method can not only be made very thin, but more importantly, there are almost no flaws.

Li Xiang smiled and said, "Father, this kind of glass lampshade is made by blowing. This method is to use the plasticity of glass in a certain temperature range, using a hollow iron rod to pick out the glass liquid from the furnace, as long as the air is blown at one end, the glass liquid at the other end is blown into a spherical shape. Of course, you can also use scissors, molds and other tools to shape different shapes. ”

Li Kang thought for a while and said: "No wonder this is the case, Xiang'er, this glass recipe and firing process, well, as well as this method of blowing glass, you can write it out, and give it to the Hu Steward for your father, so as to realize the mass production of biogas lamps as soon as possible, and then you will be able to use bright biogas lamps in the palace." ”

Li Xiang nodded and said, "Okay, father." The boy will write it out tonight, and he will take it to-morrow. It's just that these things, my father must pay attention to secrecy and not let these methods get out. ”

Li Kang also knew that if such a technology was spread, it would spread quickly, and it would definitely not be leaked until the task set by the emperor was completed.

Li Kang is becoming more and more curious about his son, and he doesn't know where he got so many novel inventions, but this is not a bad thing, these things will definitely be popular in the world in the future, and his son's credit will be great, both for the country and the people.

Nodding, Li Kang also stood up and said: "For my father, I understand, you can rest after you finish writing early, next year's spring festival is extremely important to you, don't delay your studies because of these things." ”

Indeed, in this era, the examination is the most important thing, especially for scholars, only the Jinshi in the examination can have an official to do, Li Xiang of course understood his father's hard work, gave his father a positive look, and Li Xiang retreated.

Back in his room, Li Xiang summoned the super 3D printer, in fact, where does he need to write by hand? With a super 3D printer, you can do it in minutes.

The super 3D printer presents the historical data of the development of the glass-making process, about 200 B.C., the Babylonians first used hollow iron pipes for blowing glass. Blowing glass products with a blowpipe is a leap forward in glassmaking.

In the first century AD, the Romans pulled various colors of glass into rods, arranged them in bundles and melted them, and then cut out thin sheets of glass with a certain pattern cross-section, and heated and welded these thin sheets on a mold to make a thousand flower glassware. At this time, human beings have mastered the skills of carving and grinding on the surface of glass, painting with color glaze and inserting gold in glass, and will inlay a layer of milky white glass on the dark glass, and then grind off the milky white glass to produce a nesting carved and carved glass bottle with patterns.

In the 7th century, the Syrians blew the glass into a ball, and then used an iron rod to dip a small amount of liquid glass to stick to the bottom of the ball, and then cut off the glass at the blowpipe, and used the top rod to heat and soften the open ball in the furnace, and flattened the glass ball into a flat sheet of glass with the centrifugal force of rapid rotation, which is called the crown method.

In the 11th ~ 16th century, Venice became the center of glass manufacturing. At that time, pyromanganese ore was used to neutralize and decolorize the glass to make colorless and transparent glass, and the Romans restored the color glaze painting, glass gold insertion, glass grinding and other decorative methods.

Blowing glass is simple, but in fact, as long as you have modern colorless glass, the most important thing is to choose a suitable recipe and firing method. The glaze firing formula at this time is completely different, the colorless soda-lime glass is mainly fired at high temperature with quartz sand and limestone, etc., and now with biogas, the temperature of the fired glass can also be increased, so the conditions are fully met.

After Li Xiang made a choice, he immediately printed out the materials, of course, using the same kind of calligraphy as during the exam.

It looks the same as the writing with a brush, but Li Xiang knows that he has to practice calligraphy, and he can't print like this in front of people in the future.

Before going to bed, Li Xiang looked at Song Yu through the eyes of the super bumblebee, and saw that the guy was throwing things in the room to get angry, presumably because An'er escaped, and maybe because he hadn't gotten the news that Li Xiang had been caught.

Li Xiang smiled, this guy probably won't be able to get out of bed tomorrow, and he will lose his life in a few days, and he can't find out.