Chapter 186: The Gift of the Volcano
Zhang Bo once discussed with the masters whether the densely populated Java Island should further tap its potential, and the crossing clearly expressed his support. For this island, which can feed 100 million people in the future, the traverser still very much wants to be in his hands. The Prambanan Temple, a Hindu spectacle similar to Borobudur, is also an important tool of faith, and civilized people who do not have a good impression of the hierarchical caste system naturally have little affection for Hinduism, but this is only limited to feelings, once it is linked to money, even the murderous cult of primitive sacrifice does not hinder the enthusiasm of the people. At this time, the island of Java was very backward, there were no roads and railways, plantations and orchards, no big cities and ports, and the countries on the islands were in the early feudal era, and there was no iron farming tools and irrigation system, and most of the cultivated areas depended on the weather. Although rice can be harvested three times a year, the level of breeding and fertilization is not comparable to that of the Champa Kingdom. Therefore, it is impossible to feed a population of more than 100 million like later generations, and at most more than a million people.
There are now three forces on the island of Java, Banchalu, Chiyiri, and Sunda Kingdom, each of which has an armed force equivalent to the combat power of a regiment of the Chinese Empire. It's almost impossible to ignore, but the scarcity of the population naturally corresponds to a low level of development, and rainforests are everywhere. Borobudur has been abandoned for more than 100 years and has completely disappeared from the world, and the various local forces are simply cheating if they are not passed on by word of mouth and rely on information carriers like the Bayeux Sutra.
In order to achieve prosperity in the future, the amount of development expenditure invested is simply astronomical. There are so many desert islands and uninhabited areas in the South Sea, and Salvation is the most suitable place for development. For no other reason, the land is extremely fertile because of the volcanic ash cover. The success of this natural advantage cannot be replicated. This means that the development cost here is the lowest in the Greater Sunda Islands.
Volcanoes have a long history of occurrence. Some volcanoes erupted before human history but are no longer active, and such volcanoes are called "extinct volcanoes"; And ever erupted. But volcanoes that have been in a relatively stationary state for a long time. These volcanoes are well preserved in their male form, and they still have volcanic activity, or it cannot be concluded that they have lost their volcanic activity, and they are called "dormant volcanoes". In the history of mankind, volcanoes have erupted from time to time, called "active volcanoes".
100 to 150 km below the Earth's crust. There is a "liquid zone" (asthenosphere) in which there is a molten silicate material containing gaseous volatiles, known as magma, at high temperatures and pressures. Once it is washed out of the surface from a weak part of the earth's crust. A volcano was formed.
Volcanic activity can eject a variety of materials, and among the solid materials ejected, there are generally rocks, debris and volcanic ash that have been blown up. Among the liquid substances ejected, there are generally lava flows, water, various aqueous solutions, and mudflows mixed with water, debris and volcanic ash; In the ejected gaseous substance. Generally, there are water vapor and oxides of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, etc. Besides. In volcanic activity, visible or invisible light, electricity, magnetism, sound, and radioactive substances are often ejected, which can sometimes kill people, or malfunction electricity and instruments, and cause planes and ships to crash.
Volcanic activity can also form a variety of minerals, the most common being the formation of sulphur ores. Basalt erupted on land, often crystallized with natural copper and calcite, basalt erupted from submarine volcanoes. Huge iron and copper mines are often formed. In addition, we are familiar with diamonds. Its formation is also related to volcanoes. Basalt is one of the most widely distributed volcanic rocks, and at the same time it is a good building material. The smelted basalt is called "cast stone" and can be made into various plates, utensils, etc. The biggest feature of cast stone is that it is hard and wear-resistant, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, non-conductive and can be used as a thermal insulation material.
Volcanic ash refers to gravel and mineral particles that are emitted by volcanoes and are less than 2 mm in diameter. In explosive volcanic activity, solid rocks and lava are broken down into fine particles to form volcanic ash. It has volcanic ash activity, that is, it can react with lime (CaO) at room temperature and in the presence of water to form hydrate with hydraulic gelling ability. Therefore, it can be used as a mixed material for cement and an admixture for concrete after grinding.
Volcanic ash contains a large amount of minerals and alkali metal salts that can neutralize soil acidity, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exceeds that of most naturally occurring soils, which means that in areas with volcanoes, the land will be unusually fertile, and can achieve extremely high yields without fertilization.
The other islands are almost entirely barren brick red soil and rainforest soil, which is surprisingly expensive to develop. In order to compete for an island with 112 volcanoes (including 35 active volcanoes), the result of negotiations within the empire was that the Travelers obtained almost all of the land for the coastal port city, the other partners got almost all the land that had been developed, and the remaining capitalists divided up all the remaining wasteland and forests.
Even though the island of three sovereign states had not yet established a modern cash crop plantation, and not a single Imperial Compirium had set up branches or agent comprador companies here, it had become the most fertile territory for the Viceroyalty of the Spice Islands, which was destined to be incorporated into the Empire.
Although the administrative center of the Spice Islands is in Makassar, Sulawesi (to avoid volcanic influences), after eliminating three insignificant royal families in the surrounding islands, plantation owners and miners have gathered on Java to exploit the island's wealth. It was not concentrated in the administrative center as in the mainland, and the almost tax-free policy implemented in the Spice Islands also discouraged the administrative center, which received huge annual transfer grants from the Empire. Local tariffs on spices and many tropical cash crops are the main source of funding for Makassar. The best arable land in the South Seas is the volcanic plain of Java, in addition to the paddy plains near Angkor Wat.
By 1948, when the first plantation on the island of Java was established to allow rubber trees to be tapped, the trade volume of all goods produced on the island of Java for export to the mainland of the empire (the largest goods being teak, followed by coconut and hemp products) had far exceeded the value of goods imported from the mainland. No, because the money is swept away by the plantation owners and mine owners through the capital project. At best, the huge black letters on goods and services can only match the deficit in the capital account.
The annual import and export volume is 2 billion, this huge number almost drives all the surrounding countries crazy, the Angkor Dynasty exports 200,000 tons of rice and 3 million tons of hardwood and fruits (sugar cane and tropical fruits with high sugar content) to the empire every year, in exchange for less than 200 million imperial dragon yuan (in 1945, the currency was restructured, Chenji money was completely withdrawn from circulation, 1 to 1 was exchanged for imperial dragon dollars according to face value and material, and the new imperial government operated smoothly for several years, and the credit exceeded that of Chenji Bank, and there was basically no turbulence in the exchange), The island of Java exports 10,000 tons of rubber this year as high as 300 million yuan.
Mainland investors not only have to take away the profits from their investments for several years, but also have to saddle Java with heavy debts, and only in this way can they completely control everything in Java. Many plantations rely on loans from mainland banks to expand, and the first few years before the plantations are put into production is the most difficult time stage. Fortunately, with the support of policies and the high prices of tropical cash crops, banks continue to lend money to plantations with good ratings. However, the rubber produced by the heaven-sent treasure island suddenly rushed into the market, causing the price of rubber futures to plummet, and the raw material price of the imperial rubber industry, which had been relying on Hainan rubber support, was suddenly suppressed by dozens of times the supply, and also gave birth to the economic crisis caused by the world's first speculative bubble that had been planned by everyone. (To be continued......)