President Meng smiled: "Okay, you go to rest, I won't send you when you leave tomorrow, I wish you diplomatic achievements in Germany." Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ”

Zeng Jize saw that His Majesty had finished his instructions, and hurriedly said, "Thank you, Your Majesty." ”

President Meng watched Zeng Jize leave, and his heart was turbulent, although he knew a little bit about the direction of history, but now the helm of Huaguo is in his own hands, who knows what will happen?

Hua Huang actually didn't say too much substance to Zeng Jize, he didn't want to say too much, tie Zeng Jize's hands and feet, everyone has their own way of doing things, there is no need to impose their own habits on others.

Talking a little about the general direction and unifying the understanding, this is the main purpose of Emperor Hua looking for Zeng Jize today.

Hua Huang still yearns for the Dingyuan-class battleship, which is the most powerful industrial product he can get at present.

If it weren't for the fear of hindering the speed of China's own development of warships, President Meng even wanted to order two more, or four, he estimated that even if he wanted to order eight warships, the Germans should also take this order, more than one million pounds, or even more than two million pounds, such a large order will greatly stimulate the progress of German shipbuilding, no one can refuse this temptation!

However, if there are too many orders, Huaguo's R&D funds in recent years will definitely be compressed, so Huahuang has determined the number of four, which is also the result of Huahuang's careful consideration.

In the original history, in terms of hardware.

The two ironclad ships, "Dingyuan" and "Zhenyuan", were still formidable warships among Asian warships until the outbreak of the Great War.

The two ships were the most advanced ironclad ships in the world at that time, each equipped with 4 12-inch cannons and armor thickness of 14 inches.

In the Battle of the Yellow Sea, the two ships were hit by hundreds of bullets, and were hit several times by Matsushima's 13-inch bombs. and not a single bullet has penetrated, and there are not many dead", all of which prove that they are powerful weapons of naval warfare.

Japan regarded these two ships as the greatest threat and lamented them as "Oriental giants", and until wartime, it did not acquire warships of such power.

Of course, although the two battleships were the most advanced at that time, later generations also presented many flaws.

The power of the heavy guns in the bow of the battleship, the two main guns of the Dingyuan one to the left and one to the right, were separated by a towering upper armor in the middle, and there was no overlapping area of firepower at the bow of the ship, and only when the Japanese fleet passed in a long line in front of the Beiyang Naval Division, it was possible to hit the head and tail one by one, and give full play to the power of the two twin main guns, but such an opportunity was very rare.

The fatal mistake made by the German designers in the design of the Dingyuan, no matter where the enemy fleet appeared, the Dingyuan could only use half of its firepower.

If the bow and secondary guns, which resemble chicken ribs, are removed, the foredeck is flattened, and the foremast is moved back, the firing area of the two forward main guns of the Dingyuan will be greatly increased, and the front hemisphere will basically overlap, and the Dingyuan will be able to give full play to its firepower regardless of whether the bow is facing the enemy or the enemy on the flanks during the battle.

Moreover, the main turret was designed in this way for the Dingyuan class, mainly for the centralized arrangement of the armor belt of the "Iron Armor Fort", which greatly reduced the weight of the armor to adapt to the power of the steam engine at that time.

If the design of the former dreadnought is followed, the entire armor belt will basically run through the entire battleship, the tonnage of the warship will be far more than 10,000 tons, the steam engine will not be able to provide enough power, the cost of the warship will be amazingly high, and the final speed may only be more than ten knots.

Therefore, the Dingyuan-class ironclad ship was a concentrated embodiment of the scientific and technological level of the German Navy at that time.

The design of the former dreadnought is not yet practical.

When the time comes, the Emperor will put forward these to the Germans when the plan for the Dingyuan ship is decided.

As for heavy cruisers, light cruisers, as well as small gunboats and torpedo ships, China now has the ability to develop and produce, although the quality of the production may not be as good as that of the Germans, the British and the French, but from a long-term perspective, it must be produced by itself, and it is not possible to let others produce it because of quality problems.

In the original history, the warships of the Qing Dynasty that could be used in the First Sino-Japanese War were actually only the Dingyuan ship and the Zhenyuan ship.

The five warships of the Japanese besieged the second ship of Dingzhen, which had no ammunition, and almost shot at close range, for half an hour, without any results, if the 10 ships in the naval battle of Dadonggou were all Dingyuan Zhenyuan? Do the Japanese still have a record of sinking warships? Without a record, how could the Dadonggou naval battle and the victory of the Japanese invaders?

Without the victory of the Japanese Invaders, who would find fault with Yuan Zhenyuan?

The flaws are not hidden, the emperor gave the Dingyuan ship and the Zhenyuan ship in history, and he spoke highly of it, but the decaying Qing Dynasty could not do it, and the fault could not be counted on the equipment!

Therefore, we cannot blame the Dingyuan and Zhenyuan warships for all the problems because the campaign failed, which is not in line with history.

After the Dingzhen Second Ship, the warships of the Japanese Invaders were not copied, but the Dingzhen Second Ship of the cannon giant ship was improved into the "Dreadnought-class" warships, and then the "Missouri", "Iowa" and even the "Yamato" and "Musashi" of the Japanese Invaders appeared.

On the contrary, the "Yoshino" and other Japanese were abandoned, and the admirals were collectively mentally retarded?

Or is it the strong protection of the second ship of Dingzhen and the record of sinking "Matsushima" with almost two shells?

Or was it that the British "Hood" with a thin skin and big stuffing was also sunk by two shells of the German "Pismail"?

Anyway, all the national navies, except for those that have no money to afford, almost all imitate the Dingzhen Second Ship, which shows that the idea of the Dingzhen Second Ship is right!

At this time in the nineteenth century, although the industrial level was changing with each passing day, the idea of giant ships and heavy artillery was irreplaceable, because technology did not allow it.

Everyone has missiles, of course, more efficient, faster, cheaper and more cost-effective cruisers should be suitable for the future navy, but how could there be missiles in the XIX century?

Even in the eyes of the admirals, the Battle of Dadonggou could be "not judged by success or failure", the Japanese did not look down on the Beiyang Naval Division, and even for many years afterwards, they did not look down on the corrupt Qing court, not a battleship.

If the Dingzhen No. 2 ship points all its guns forward, it is five, and these five guns can simultaneously blow up the front, rear, left and right sides of a single warship, and to borrow the words of a sniper, it is called "hitting the target with one shot", while the words of the naval artillery are called "our artillery fire has covered the enemy ship".

If the Dingzhen No. 2 Ship uses a flowering blasting bomb and hits the front, rear, left, and right of the Japanese warship with five guns in unison, where else can the Japanese maneuver to dodge?

It's called "Artillery fire has covered the enemy ship!" ”

It is possible to compensate for the lack of accuracy in shooting at sea with quantity! Compensate for the lack of accuracy in shooting when the enemy ship is in motion!

Of course, the Chinese Emperor proposed that all heavy artillery should be developed by China itself, and China's artillery-making technology has been tested, and from a purely technical point of view, it is no longer lagging behind the Germans.

During the Battle of Dadonggou, in order to prevent repeated damage from shrapnel flying into the gun cover like Jiyuan, the Dingzhen No. 2 ship removed the gun covers of the four guns, which not only expanded the firing angle of the four 12-inch giant guns, but also made it easier for the sea breeze to blow away the gunpowder smoke generated during the shooting, so as to facilitate re-aiming.

And Krupp also has a large elevation angle, the millstone-style turret can be rotated 360 degrees to shoot at any angle, except for the other turret occlusion and the armored command room between the two turrets, apart from these, there are almost no impossible firing directions.

As for sideways firing, the thickness of a flybridge is limited and cannot cover much of a firing angle, while the armored command room is built diagonally, and it will not hinder the firing of four guns plus the front and rear secondary guns, and it can be completed almost 360 degrees without dismantling.

No need to dismantle. Reduce the originally pitiful firepower configuration of the Dingzhen Second Ship.

Therefore, even if the Emperor of China will put forward suggestions for improvement at that time, it will only be fine-tuned, and Huaguo now has its own professional shipbuilding team, but the overall industrial level cannot keep up, so it has to entrust other countries to build it.

In the original historical summary, the Battle of Dadonggou was a cover for the landing of the army, and the landing of the army was not completed.

The Beiyang Naval Division had to block in front of the Japanese invaders, even if they used their bodies, they could not let the Japanese invaders discover the landing army, otherwise the army might be completely wiped out under the dense artillery fire of the Japanese invaders.

And the battle to the end, only the second ship of Dingzhen remained, let the Japanese besiege, insisted on attracting the Japanese Kou, of course, the Japanese also clamored to "sink the Dingzhen Second Ship" with 5 warships to besiege, the result was in vain, the confidence of the Japanese was heavily damaged, and the Japanese fired at close range, the confidence of the Japanese was completely lost, and the Dingzhen Second Ship had no shells and stopped moving.

Wait for half an hour! The Wako failed to sink either, and the Wako became desperate!

Therefore, the Japanese were forced to retreat, that is, all the ammunition of the Japanese was exhausted, and the second ship of Dingzhen was fine, and the Japanese also saw the second ship of Dingzhen, which could not be sunk and ran away, so the strong protection ability determined that the invincible Dingyuan group covered the landing of the army and became the pillar of the battlefield.

Super brave and mighty wood outside the iron sheet, no matter how you fight, it will sink, Zhiyuan Jingyuan (origin of the United Kingdom) was besieged by more than 30 guns of 4 warships, bullied to death.

The second ship of Dingzhen was besieged by 5 warships for nearly an hour and a half, and it was okay!

It can be seen that the design is excellent, and even created results such as wounding Matsushima, and what did the 320 guns of the Sanjing warship of the Japanese Kou do? The rotation system is jammed, the artillery is jammed, and even the turn does not dare to open fire, for fear of overturning itself.

At that time, Britain could only build "Yoshino" and so on.

Even the thin-skinned stuffing "Hood" in the back dared to argue with the Bismarck cannon giant?

Unless the aircraft carrier was used in advance.

There is no problem with the idea of the heavy artillery of the giant ship.

Huaguo has been quietly developing submarines, all kinds of battleships, cruisers, are all in research and development, in the field of science and technology, Huaguo is at the forefront of the times, but wait until Huaguo has the ability to build battleships, Huahuang can't wait.

It is said that the training of the Beiyang sailors is not up to par, in fact, the training level of the Beiyang sailors in the same period is much higher than that of the Japanese.

This can be seen from the shooting hit rate of both sides.

Later, the Japanese Ministry of Defense kept a set of maps of the damage to Japanese warships in the Battle of the Yellow Sea.

This set of drawings is a drawing record of the injuries made by the Japanese side on the warships involved in the battle after the Battle of the Yellow Sea on September 17, 1894, and it can be seen that all the warships participating in the war were not only shot in large numbers, but also almost concentrated in chimneys, waterlines, sterns and other critical positions.

It shows that the Beiyang Naval Division fought bravely and the artillery shooting skills were very accurate, but not a single Japanese warship was sunk, and the reason for this is no longer explained by the soldiers of the Beiyang Naval Division themselves.

On the surface, it is the low effectiveness of the ammunition of the Beiyang Naval Division, but the real reason for the failure is that a modern navy does not have a modern country and society to support them.

Regarding Li Hongzhang's refusal to fight to protect the ship, why was Li Hongzhang reluctant to engage in a decisive naval battle with the Japanese fleet when the war began?

In the summer of 1891, when the Beiyang Fleet visited Japan for the second time, Liu Buyun, the chief soldier of the Beiyang Naval Division, observed that the firepower of the Japanese Navy, which had newly added the "Three Scenic Ships" of Songdao, Itsukushima, and Hashidate, had already surpassed that of the Beiyang Naval Division, and he quickly informed Ding Ruchang and Li Hongzhang that "it is urgent for the Beiyang Naval Division to purchase warships and renew old guns." Therefore, Li Hongzhang immediately sent a 100,000 yuan urgent report to the imperial court, pointing out: "...... It can be seen from this that Li Hongzhang, Ding Ruchang, Liu Buyun, and other naval generals are completely aware of the common sense that "tactical firepower determines victory or defeat at sea," and the failure of the naval battle in the Yellow Sea also proves that their judgment is very accurate, which also explains why Li Hongzhang was reluctant to engage in a decisive battle at sea with the Japanese fleet at the beginning of the war, and only wanted to be "a tiger in the mountains."

The root cause of this is that:

1) The number of shells fired by the Japanese side is 20~10 times that of the Beiyang Naval Division!

According to the available materials, the rate of fire of the Beiyang naval division was much lower than that of the Japanese rapid-fire guns, and the firing rate of the large-caliber breech guns at that time was separated from the shells, which further reduced the firing speed of the large-caliber guns in Dingyuan Town, based on the actual warships of the two sides within one hour after the Battle of the Yellow Sea began at 12:55 on September 17, 1894, after repeated calculations, it was found that the theoretical firing data of the 100 mm main battle guns of the Qing and Japanese sides was 46,242 rounds for the Japanese combined fleet. The Northern Fleet was 2368 rounds, and the rate of fire of both sides was 18.76: 1. Obviously, for the entire fleets of both sides, the Japanese side fired almost 20 times more than 100 mm main battle guns than the Qing side.

The core of the naval battle was the artillery battle between the 4 ships of the Japanese "First Guerrilla Column" and the 6 ships of the Beiyang Naval Division, although the ratio of the total tonnage of the 4 ships of the Japanese "1st Guerrilla Column" to the 6 ships of the Beiyang Naval Division was 14,784 tons to 14,136 tons, and the ratio of the main battle guns of more than 100 mm caliber on both sides was 38 to 28, and the ratio of numbers was 1.4:1, which did not seem to be much different. However, after detailed calculations, it was found that the two sides "fought in circles" in the crucial hour, and the theoretical ratio of the number of launches was an astonishing 13,990:1,248, and the rate of fire ratio was 11:1.

In other words, the firepower of the main battle artillery of the Japanese side is 11 times that of the Qing side!

At about 14:22 on the same day, when the "Guangbing" and "Pingyuan" ships of the Beiyang Fleet arrived, the "Chaoyong" and "Yangwei" ships had already been sunk, and the theoretical data on the rate of fire of the two sides in the next hour were: The Japanese side could fire 46,242 shells, and the Chinese side could fire 4,080 shells, and the rate of fire ratio was 10.89:1, and the Japanese side's military firepower was still more than 10 times that of the Chinese side.

Although the number of fires fired by both sides in the course of actual combat is less than the theoretical calculation, the disparity in firepower between the two sides will not change.

After the sinking of the Beiyang Fleet's "Chaoyong" and "Yangwei," the four warships of the Japanese "First Guerrilla Column" fought with the six ships of the Beiyang Fleet, namely "Zhiyuan," "Jiyuan," "Jingyuan," "Laiyuan," "Jingyuan," and "Guangjia."

As a result, two ships of the Beiyang Fleet were sunk, two escaped, and two were seriously damaged and stranded.

2) The explosive power of the Japanese naval shells was 100 times greater than that of the shells of the Beiyang Fleet!

Not only did the Japanese army fire more than ten times the number of shells fired by the Beiyang Naval Division, but the power of the shells was also much greater than that of the Beiyang Naval Division.

The secret lies in the fact that the "explosives" used by the shells on both sides are different, the Beiyang Navy Division uses the backward "black powder", which is the gunpowder used in modern firecrackers (the propellant is the millet gunpowder after the black powder passivation, and the flowering bullet charge is black powder), and even this kind of flowering ammunition equipment with black powder is very rare, most of them were given by the British and German shipyards when the ship was purchased, and most of the solid bombs equipped by the Beiyang Navy Division are still solid bullets that cannot explode, and the body of this solid bullet is often equipped with sand and gravel to increase weight. It is to attack the opponent's warship completely with its own gravity and impact.

The shells used by the Japanese army were all flowering shells filled with a new type of "picric acid" explosives, which were 100 times more powerful than "black powder".

Specifically, the power of black powder is only one-tenth of that of nitroammonia explosives, and the power of nitroammonia explosives is only one-tenth of that of picric acid, that is to say, 1 kilogram of picric acid is equivalent to 10 kilograms of ammonia nitrate or equivalent to 100 kilograms of black powder!

From this, it can be seen that the entire fleet is engaged, and the Beiyang Fleet lost 5 ships, while the opponent's 1 ship was not sunk, which is a reasonable thing.

The Beiyang Fleet hit a lot of shells on Japanese ships, but they couldn't sink one of them, for no other reason, the power of the shells was too small!

When the Beiyang Naval Division was formed, it was the era of the great development and great leap forward of the world's naval technology and tactics, it can be said that there is a trend a year, no less than the speed of computer replacement in later generations, how to use the steam ironclad ship in naval warfare, there are many schools in various countries, and the warship technology and artillery technology are also changing with each passing day, and the Beiyang Naval Division has not added another ship due to various reasons (the Manchu Qing Dynasty regarded the Beiyang Naval Division as the armed force of Li Hongzhang, the Han people), By the time the war began, there was already an irreparable technical gap in the armament of the Japanese Combined Fleet, and the horizontal formations used to meet the enemy after the start of the war were also designed in advance according to the artillery configuration of the ships equipped.

As a matter of fact, the training level of the Beiyang Naval Division far exceeded that of the Combined Fleet, which can be seen from the artillery hit rates of both sides, and the traditional view is always a general explanation from the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty and the backwardness of the system, completely ignoring the development of naval technology and tactics in the 19th century, and it can be said that the officers and men of the Beiyang Naval Division have not been fairly evaluated.

Of course, in the early eighties of the XIX century, the Chinese emperor did not believe that the British already had the level of building aircraft carriers.

If it weren't for the fact that the Germans were suspended several times and were not allowed to develop the navy, the German navy in World War II would not be so weak, and even so, the Germans' navy in World War II would not be weak.