Chapter 038: Middle East War (2)

Jordan was originally part of Palestine, part of the Arab Empire at the beginning of the 7th century AD, occupied by the Turks in 1516, and belonged to the Ottoman Empire Damascus Province.

In 1920, the Conference of San Remo divided the Palestinian region into the British Mandate, in July of the same year, the French army occupied Damascus, in November the second son of the Hejaz king Hussein, Abdullah ibn Hussein, was ordered by his father to lead the army to Syria to try to regain the lost territory, stationed in Amman, so it became a powerful military force in the region, in 1921 the British took the Jordan River as the boundary, divided Palestine into two, the west is still called Palestine, and the east establishes the Emirate of Transjordan, Britain recognized Abdullah as the ruler of Transjordan, Abdullah recognized the British Mandate, in 1923 Transjordan became a semi-independent emir state under the British Mandate, Britain completely controlled the politics and economy of Transjordan, the Arab Legion in Transjordan was commanded by the British, the expenses of the royal family were funded by the British government, foreign affairs were in charge of the British Governor-General, and in 1928 Britain forced Transjordan to accept the 20-year "British Compact Agreement", which legitimized British rule over Outer Jordan,

So the people of Jordan are not only religious and Palestine is the same, but also the same nation, culturally is also the same lineage, they are more annoyed by Palestine being occupied by Israel than anyone else, according to their ideas, Palestine should be annexed to Jordan and become a part of Jordan, but their current political and economic degree is controlled by the British, so the anger is also civil, and some people in the government are not satisfied and can only suppress it in their hearts, or secretly make some moves,

In the 11th century, the Turkic nomadic tribe "Ughuz" invaded Anatolia, a group of the "Ughuz" tribe of the Kai people occupied eastern and central Anatolia in the 12th century, the Kaye Osman I established the Ottoman Dynasty, the Ottomans in the initial stage of their expansion, was the main force of the Turks to maintain the Islamic faith against the Byzantine Empire, in the 13th ~ 14th century, the Ottomans seized the Byzantine territory of Western Anatolia and Southeast Europe, making these Christian Balkan countries their vassals, At the same time conquered the Turkmen principality of Eastern Anatolia,

In the 15th century, the Ottoman Sultan imposed direct rule on the Balkan countries, and conquered Constantinople and included the territory of the Euphrates River in the east and Hungary in the west, and at the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire was at its peak, and its territory included most of the Balkan countries, most of Hungary in Central Europe and most of the Middle East and North Africa, after the reign of Suleiman I, the empire began to decline politically, administratively and financially, and by 1718, Austria had driven the Turks out of HungaryRussia annexed Crimea in 1783, and in the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire lost control of Egypt, the Maghreb (Tripolitania, Tunisia, and Algeria), and most of the Balkan states, and the "Millet" system, which initially allowed local autonomy for ethnic minorities with different religious beliefs, but at the end of the 19th century, this system began to disintegrate, leading to increased unrest and culminating in the genocidal massacres of Armenians during World War I.1

In 1908, the Young Turks launched a revolution in an attempt to restore the empire, but in the Balkans it continued to suffer military defeats and territorial losses, during the First World War Turkey sided with Germany and Austria-Hungary, after the war, Turkey lost its Arab provinces and part of Asia Minor, but after a brutal civil war and the war against Greece, Turkey's territory was determined at the Lausanne Conference in 1923, and Turkey became a republic with Kemal as its first president, The Ottoman sultanate and caliphate were abolished, and Turkey began a process of modernization under Kemal, who radically reformed the political, economic and social system of Turkey, promoted a new idea of national identity, de-religionized Turkish society, reduced the dominance of Islam, and replaced the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet to write Turkish, and he also implemented a state-controlled economic development policy, which later proved to have far-reaching effects,

After Kemal's death in 1938, parliamentary politics and a multi-party system were gradually established in Turkey, but this did not mean that the country was moving towards democracy, and he is still a military state.

Kemal tried in every way to bring Turkey to the West and to modernity, and indeed to some extent achieved his goal, and through his efforts, the Turkish nation got rid of internal and external shackles and began to move towards industrialization and modernization, and for this alone, the name of "Father of Modern Turkey" is well deserved.

Although Kemal made the Turks move from a monarchical feudal system to a democratic republic, he also went to the other extreme of his personal power and dictatorship, he tried to get rid of the influence of Arab and Persian culture, but blindly moved closer to European and American culture.

Kemal believed that at that time, there were many ways of life in Islamic society, which were too religious and not progressive enough, and the republican system was opposed to modern progress, and contradictory to modern democracy, so in order to implement the modernization of Turkey, it was necessary to advocate the assumption of secularization and comprehensive Westernization as a premise, and implemented a series of measures to break with the Ottoman Empire and Islam and integrate Turkey into the "only" civilization - "European civilization".

Kemal himself had the aura of a national hero and an army that was absolutely obedient to him, and with the support of military force, Kemal relied on violence and power to pursue a policy of total westernization, and carried out a series of powerful reforms in all aspects of society, modeled on the West, which led to a series of problems.

Due to Kemal's dictatorial guiding ideology, which has led to the long-term interference of dictatorial government and military officers in Turkish politics, in later history, the Turkish army has launched several military coups or threatened to force the elected government to step down, and all laws must be reviewed by the military-controlled "Constitutional Court" before they can take effect, and the word "democracy" has become a beautiful cloak for Turkish soldiers to control the fate of the country.

The consequence of the military being in power is that they have to speak with their fists at every turn, and since the defeat of the conservatives and the Anglo-French forces and the Greek colonial army under the leadership of Kemal under such difficult circumstances, the Turks have always been very proud, although they did not dare to challenge the British and French, but they did not care about the Jews.

Since the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, as the successor, still misses the great empire that spanned Asia, Africa and Europe.

However, those Syria, Egypt and the like have been independent for a long time, and it is not so simple to bring them into the rule of Turkey, and they have to use violence, but they are not afraid of a separate plan, and they are afraid of the interference of European countries such as Britain and France.

Now there is such a good opportunity, how can they let it go, this is a great opportunity, if they sent troops into the Arab countries in the past, it would inevitably attract the opposition and disgust of all Arab countries, but this time sending troops to help them fight Israel will definitely be welcomed,

As for the consequences, the Turkish government has thought a lot, if it loses, it is a big deal to lose a little people, and nothing else, Israel's little strength is not enough to attack Turkey, but if it wins, it will be terrible, there is no naturalization of Arab country resources to Turkey, at least build an alliance or something, Turkey will definitely be the boss, this is another step away from the Turkish Empire,

However, the Turkish side still has to test the attitude of Britain and the United States, of course, and France, although France has just been restored, but if it really comes to the turn, France's strength is still much stronger than Turkey, of course, this can not change the Turkish people's contempt for the French, no way, who called the French themselves not to fight, before always cooking the army is the first in the world, I didn't expect to be cleaned up by Germany in three or two,

At the same time as the telegraph exchanges between Turkey and other countries were close, Israel's sister agency Mossad, which had been set up in the former intelligence agency, was also operating rapidly.

The "Mossad" was formed with the development of the "Zionist" movement and the establishment of the State of Israel, and before Israel's independence, there was a Jewish secret military organization "Haganah" (meaning "defense") in the Palestinian areas, which was established for the purpose of secretly purchasing arms from Jews in the Palestinian areas, smuggling weapons and organizing illegal immigrants, and for these activities to collect intelligence was a "Shayya" intelligence agency affiliated with the "Haganah". A few days before the establishment of the State of Israel on September 1, 1944, Ben-Gurion was considering the creation of an intelligence agency that had always belonged to the state, and soon there was a predecessor to the Mossad.

This new intelligence agency was also strongly supported by the Rothschilds, who Antony sent to Israel some of the intelligence agents who belonged to his family to Israel, and handed them over to Ben-Gurion.

Ben-Gurion had already seen the almost independent and semi-independent Arab countries planning to strangle Israel in the cradle, so it can be said that the intelligence work was secretly arranging for intelligence agents to spy on the Arab countries a few days before the establishment of the state, or from the day they got the possibility of the establishment of the state.

And the people they use are still Jews from all over the world, as we all know, Jews are scattered all over the world, which provides good conditions for their identity to disguise, I believe that no matter how much you hate a person or like a person, if one day you find that the person you grew up with, or watched the person who grew up is actually a foreign spy, anyone will be surprised, of course, I believe that no one will suspect that this person is a foreign spy, and Jews have such an identity, they will not be easily suspected,