(Excerpt from the Internet)

When I was a child, I learned that Li Hongzhang was a traitor. xx, the propaganda caliber of Li Hongzhang seems to have changed. At that time, Li Hongzhang in the TV series was cold to the Western powers, suffering less losses for the interests of the country, and he tried his best to fight for every minute; Even if you sign an agreement to humiliate the country, it is a burden of humiliation; At that time, China was bullied because the economy was too poor, not because of Li Hongzhang, on the contrary, it seemed that it was Li Hongzhang who made the country's losses as small as possible. That's what it means, anyway.

But I will still be skeptical of such Li Hongzhang, after all, it is a fact that the late Qing Dynasty was completely slaughtered, and it is also a fact that there are endless traitorous treaties. Moreover, in those years, Lei Feng became a fool, Yue Fei was not a patriotic general, Yang Bailao had no ability, Huang Shiren became rich through hard work, and so on, and some trends of thought in reverse actions began, and there were quite a few. So in my brain after that, whatever comes up, what I have to do is not to believe, but to judge whether it is true or false, and this still depends on my own eyes and brain.

So at that time, for the emergence of a new Li Hongzhang, my countermeasure was to know more about him. In the future, if there are words or images of Li Hongzhang, I will pay special attention to them. As a result of this attention, the image of Li Hongzhang became clearer and clearer in my brain. Some time ago, I read Liang Qichao's "The Biography of Li Hongzhang", because Li's reputation is extremely bad, and some aspects of the book are to defend Li Hongzhang. But for me, the stones of other mountains can attack jade, and I can see the corner of the glacier and know that the polar region is frozen. At this point, Li Hongzhang's image in my eyes has become clearer and clearer: a traitor, and a big traitor!

Why? Don't look at anything else, just look at the secret agreement that Li Hongzhang signed with the Russians in private. After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War, the vicious Russians set up a poison plan to wait for the Chinese to get in, and the Chinese wanted to get into it the most, Li Hongzhang! He must have been bought by the Russians with a lot of money, plus Li Hongzhang in the First Sino-Japanese War wiped out his old capital - the Beiyang Fleet and the Huai Army, and went to Japan to negotiate with another black gun, new hatred and old hatred against Japan, looking at the axis of Li Hongzhang's so-called vertical and horizontal diplomatic career - selfish desires, or personal interests, were strongly stimulated: Lao Tzu was bullied by you, and asked the Russians to clean you up!

Li Hongzhang may have had a private relationship with the Russians. The tsar was crowned, and China sent representatives to participate. The Russians were not satisfied, thinking that the people who came were in a low position and had little power, and they had to do how to be suitable, but in fact, they wanted Li Hongzhang to go. At that time, it seemed that there were not a few great powers who named Li Hongzhang as long as they negotiated. After Li privately persuaded Cixi, he set off for Moscow. In fact, Cixi had already acquired the treasures of the Russians. These two people, Li Hongzhang and Cixi, were two "wonderful" flowers in China at that time: "perfect match" and smelly of each other! Tar someone with the same brush! In cahoots! ……

After Lee arrived in Moscow, the Russians got everything they had ever dreamed of! Please see the terms:

The completion of the first Trans-Siberian railway track in Russia is imminent. China allowed Russia to continue the railway from the port of Vladivostok in Russia to Hunchun City, Jilin Province, China, and then to the northwest to Jilin Province. First, the railway station of a city in Russia was continued to Aihui City in Heilongjiang, China, and then to the northwest to the capital of Qiqihar Province, and then to the place of Bedune in Jilin, and then to the southeast to the capital of Jilin Province.

Article 2 All the railway tracks in Heilongjiang and Jilin that continue to enter China shall be prepared by Russia itself, and all the regulations of the lanes shall also be in accordance with the Russian train routes, and China shall not be allowed to hear of them. As for the right to administer it, it is also temporarily vested in Russia. Thirty years. After expiration, China is allowed to prepare a capital valuation to redeem the track and all the trains, machinery, factories, houses, etc. But how to redeem the Dharma, let it be done later.

The third existing railway road in China is planned to be continued from Shanhaiguan to Fengtian Shengjing, and from Shengjing to Jilin. If it is inconvenient for China to build this railway immediately in the future, it is allowed to be built by Jilin City at the expense of Russia, and it will be redeemed for a period of ten years. As for the road from which the railway should be built, it will be connected to Shengjing and Niuzhuang and other places according to the road that has been surveyed in China.

Fourth, the railway tracks that China intends to continue to build, from Fengtian to Shanhaiguan to Niuzhuang to Gaiping to Jinzhou to Lushunkou and to Dalian Bay, should be modeled after Russian trains, so as to facilitate trade between China and Russia.

Article 5 The places through which the Russian-built railway tracks pass shall be protected as usual by the Chinese civil and military officials, and the Russian civil and military officials at the stations of the railway shall be treated preferentially, as well as all craftsmen, etc. However, since most of the places through which the train passes are deserted, and fearing that the Chinese officials will not be able to protect them at all times, the Russians should be allowed to send several detachments of horses and infantry to be stationed at each important station, in order to protect commerce.

Article 6 The tax regulations for goods imported into each other between the two countries since the creation of the various railway tracks. On the fourth day of February in the first year of Tongzhi, the Sino-Russian land trade treaty was completed.

Article 7 There are prohibitions on the mining of hardware produced in Heilongjiang and Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, and they are not allowed to be excavated. Since then, prospective Russian and domestic businessmen have been allowed to mine at any time, provided that they have first reported to the local officials of China to obtain passports and are allowed to excavate in accordance with the mining regulations of Chinese mainland.

Although the three eastern provinces have trained their troops, most of the military camps are still managed according to the ancient system. If, in the future, China wants to change all the provinces to imitate Western law, and allow Russia to borrow military personnel who are familiar with the camp affairs to come to China to rectify everything, its regulations will be no different from the procedures for the German military personnel invited by Liangjiang.

Article 9 Russia has always been in Asia Minor without a frozen sea, and if there is military affairs on this continent for a while, the Russian naval divisions in the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean will not be allowed to sail at any time due to many inconveniences. In view of this, China is willing to temporarily lease Jiaozhou in Shandong Province to Russia for a period of 15 years. Its Russian-built barracks, stackhouses, machine factories, docks, etc., are allowed to be purchased by China at a valuation after the expiration of the period. However, if there is no urgent need for military affairs, Russia must not immediately station troops to avoid suspicion of other countries. How the lease should be handled will be discussed in a separate clause in the future.

Article 10 Liaodong Journey Shunkou and Dalian Bay and other places were originally dangerous places. China should urgently put things in order and repair the forts and other important tasks to be prepared. With this treaty, Russia allowed the protection of these two places and the prohibition of invasion by other countries. China's permission will never be allowed to be occupied by other countries in the future. However, in the future, if Russia suddenly has military affairs, the Chinese brigadier general Lushunkou and Dalian Bay and other places will temporarily cede the Russian naval and army battalions to be stationed here, in order to facilitate the Russian army's attack and defense.

Article 11 In Lushunkou and Dalian Bay, if there is no danger to Russia's military affairs, China will administer it on its own and will have nothing to do with Russia. However, the railway tracks of the three eastern provinces, as well as the excavation of hardware mines, are allowed to be carried out cheaply immediately after the contract is renewed. Wherever Russian civil and military officials, businessmen, and civilians went, Chinese officials should be treated with special preferential treatment and protection, and should not hinder their travels.

Article 12 This treaty shall be executed by the two countries after it has been ratified by the royal pen of the two countries. In addition to the Lushunkou Dalian Bay and Jiaozhou sections, the whole bank told all local officials to comply. In the future, the contract should be renewed, and then the discretion should be made. From the date of the drawing. for a period of six months.

I'm afraid it's too long, so I was going to only select one or two of them to list, but then I simply posted them all, because only in this way can I understand what is vicious and shameless! In short, the Russians paid for the construction of the Northeast Railway, and the jurisdiction along the way belonged to Russia, and Russia sent troops along the railway to protect it, and the surrounding minerals were mined by Russia. In this case, basically the Russians do not need to shoot a single shot, and the northeast has become the sphere of influence of the Russians!

Of course, it is said that the Chinese side also had gains, and the Russians came forward and the Chinese spent a lot of money to redeem the Liaodong Peninsula from the Japanese. (It seems that soon, the Russians seized the Liaodong Peninsula...... ）

Ladies and gentlemen, how do you feel after reading the Sino-Russian secret treaty? This was the stroke of Bismarck, who was said to be the East in China at that time, the diplomat Li Hongzhang! It's truly breathtaking, but chilling! Is it possible that such a person controls China, and China will not decline and be slaughtered? As soon as the secret agreement came out, China was shocked and the world was in an uproar. The great powers were red-eyed, and they all pounced on China like underfed wolves. Soon, Germany occupied Jiaozhou Bay, France occupied the southeastern sphere of influence of Guangzhou Bay, Russia occupied Dalian Bay at Lushunkou, Japan announced that other countries along the coast of Fujian would not be touched, and Britain ......

How did Li Hongzhang "stand out"? The family background of this person is unknown, but it is known from the fact that he was able to join the Zeng State Domain, and was later sent by the Zeng State Domain to form the Huai Army, which is quite effortless, and it is determined to be the home of the official eunuch. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Zeng Guofan recruited Hunan soldiers and gradually became bigger. The imperial court was jealous, so Zeng Guofan sent Li Hongzhang back to Anhui to recruit Huai soldiers to form another one. Later, the imperial court put a foreign gun team led by foreigners under the command of Li Hongzhang, and these outlaws were of great use. Just as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was going downhill, Li Hongzhang's team won more and lost less, the Huai soldiers became famous, and the Zhuzi became famous. It was this "strong force" - the Huai Army, which was like a pile of garbage during the First Sino-Japanese Naval War, scattered and fled everywhere in the wind. The Japanese soldiers, who thought they had encountered a strong opponent and were preparing to fight the bowstrings, were quite unpleasant.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was suppressed, Zeng Guofan and Zeng Guoquan certainly contributed the most, and it was impossible for the imperial court not to reuse it. As a check and balance, Li Hongzhang was also vigorously promoted. Zeng Guofan understood the intentions of the imperial court and retired. And Li Hongzhang is like a fish in water, plus he has little ability and the same smell, so the official is getting bigger and bigger, and his reputation is getting louder and louder, so he "stands out".

In ancient times, it was said that he was born by the imperial examination, but in fact, if you take a closer look, the ten leading bureaucrats are all from the official eunuchs' families, and there are few ordinary people who can rely on the imperial examination to hold high positions. Li Hongzhang is no exception, of course, there are many other reasons, such as not having any great skills, such as the smell of the same. If you have great ability, it is impossible for Cixi to use you; You and Cixi don't have a common hobby, and she won't reuse you. Li and Cixi's common hobby is egoism! Cixi said: Measure the material resources of China and form a friendship with the country. In fact, it is: measure the material resources of China and marry the hearts of the old lady. It doesn't matter if the country breaks and the river is broken, as long as I am still the boss, as long as I am still prosperous and rich!

The same is true of Li Hongzhang. According to the Japanese, it is said that Lee has a strong endurance. In the First Sino-Japanese War, in the face of the Japanese army aggressively entering the territory, Li did not take the initiative to attack, nor did he act with a camera, but tried in vain to protect himself and the ostrich to comfort himself. There is no national interest, only the preservation of one's own power; In addition, when he had no choice but to accept the command, he finally left no armor in the Beiyang Fleet, and the army under his command was also defeated. China fiasco! If the Japanese had encountered such a fiasco, they would have committed suicide a long time ago, but Li Hongzhang was not chaotic, and in the face of the scolding of the countrymen, the officials did what they did and did the same, and they were very calm. That's why the Japanese say he endured it! In my opinion, that's shameless! Scold! I am still glorious and rich, and I have a lot of wives and concubines! What can you do with me?

The Russians described Li Hongzhang as extremely majestic in Russia, with many attendants and maidservants, just like in China. And Li Hongzhang is usually in China, it is said that it is convenient to get up at night, give a move, and the service will be in place immediately: as soon as you lift your feet, put on your shoes; As soon as he stretched out his hand, the clothes were in place, and the whole was an old rotten bureaucrat. How can such a person be able to do a good job in the Westernization movement? How can efforts be made to rectify the country? He only knows that the West is strong because of its powerful guns, but he doesn't know that others have advanced ideas, let alone equality for all? Zeng Guofan said that he was dedicated to being an official, and some people said that he only had the imperial court (in fact, Cixi) and no country in his heart. All right. To put it bluntly, in fact, he only has himself in his heart, and he is in a high position of power, for himself, not for the country and the people.

It stands to reason that during the period of national decline, there are often some capable people and heroes, but there are very few in the late Qing Dynasty. Counting on my fingers, I think there are only two bureaucrats in the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan is counted as one, and Zuo Zongtang is worthy of admiration.

Of course, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the warlords fought and the imperial examination had long been abolished, so capable people appeared. When the time comes, all of them are heroes! This can be regarded as God's compensation for throwing a few Li Hongzhang and his ilk to China in the past.

Because he has traveled to many countries, perhaps people like Li Hongzhang have a broader vision than other Manchu bureaucrats, but unfortunately compared with other bureaucrats, the essence is the same. Japan's Hirobumi Ito, on the other hand, is a real modern official, and there are a group of people like him in Japan. They did not have the officialdom of the decadent imperial examination culture, so Japan truly stood out as an Asian power. On the other hand, in China, although the span from He Shen to Li Hongzhang is longer, the essence is actually the same. Therefore, from He Shen to Li Hongzhang, the span is very long, but the real change in China is very small.

He Shen and Li Hongzhang will be in the country, and they will be punished by God. As compensation, **, Zhou Enlai descended on China. Since then, people such as Li Hongzhang, who specialize in self-interest and harm to the country and the people, have found it difficult to fish in troubled waters in China. This is a great fortune for China!