In the fourth year of Chuping (193), Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan fought against each other, and Youzhou was in a state of emptiness, which can be said to be a great opportunity for Yuan Shao to seize Youzhou, but the world is impermanent, and Yuan Shao at this time is also difficult to protect himself, and he went north flawlessly.

At that time, there was a rebellion in the rear of Yuan Shao, and the Yuan Shao army of Wei County mutinied and united with the Montenegrin army to capture Yuan Shao's lair and Yecheng, the state capital of Jizhou, and Yuan Shao's army was already homeless.

【Doxxing Montenegrin Army】

After the failure of the Yellow Turban Uprising, the peasant uprising was not completely suppressed, and there were still dozens of rebel armies, among which the more famous ones in later generations were the White Polish Army and the Black Mountain Army.

In history, the White Bo Army even defeated Dong Zhuo's son-in-law Niu Fu for a time, forcing Dong Zhuo to move the capital, and the Montenegrin Army was not far behind.

After the death of the three Zhang Jiao brothers, Jizhou only retained two large Yellow Turban Army, namely Zhang Niujiao headed by Zhang Niujiao and Chu Yan headed by Chu Yan, and later the two merged, Chu Yan elected Zhang Niujiao as the leader, forming a powerful force in the north, which is also the prototype of the Montenegrin Army.

Zhang Niujiao was a native of Boling (now Lixian County, Hebei), and during the Yellow Turban Rebellion, he called himself a general and gathered people to make trouble, while Chu Yan and Zhao Yun were fellow villagers and were both from Changshan Zhending (now Zhengdingnan, Hebei).

Later, however, Zhang Niujiao was seriously wounded when he was shot by a stray arrow when he marched into the attack on Ghao Tao (present-day Ningjin County, Hebei), and on his deathbed he ordered his subordinates to honor Chu Yan as their leader.

So after Zhang Niujiao's death, everyone embraced Chu Yan as the leader, and Chu Yan changed his surname to Zhang in order to repay Zhang Niujiao's great kindness, and Chu Yan was later Zhang Yan. Zhang Yan also became the leader of the new generation of the Montenegrin Army.

Zhang Yan is as light as a swallow and brave and good at fighting, so he is called "Feiyan" in the army. Later, Zhang Yan's troops continued to grow, and the rebels in Changshan, Zhaojun, Zhongshan, Shangdang, Hanoi and other places contacted each other, and the small leaders of the rebels, Sun Qing, Wang Dang and others, all brought their subordinates to Zhang Yan's command, and Zhang Yan's troops grew to nearly one million people, known as the "Black Mountain Army".

At that time, all the counties and counties north of the Yellow River were constantly harassed by the Montenegrin army, but the imperial court was unable to send troops to encircle and suppress it. Therefore, Zhang Yan took the opportunity to send an envoy to the capital Luoyang and wrote to the imperial court to request surrender, in essence, to blackmail the imperial court to recognize his status. However, at that time, the Han Dynasty was full of disasters and difficulties, and it was no longer possible to concentrate on the crusade against Zhang Yan, so Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty also took this opportunity to appoint Zhang Yan as the general of the Ping Yan Zhonglang and put him under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, so that he could manage the administrative and public security affairs of the mountainous areas north of the Yellow River, and could recommend filial piety to the imperial court every year, and sent officials to Luoyang to report.

But the appeasement policy of the imperial court did not completely solve the problem of the Montenegrin army, Zhang Yan was still a wolf ambition, he did not be honest after obtaining the official position, but gradually led the army to invade Sili Hanoi County, and at that time Hanoi County was the gateway to Luoyang, Kyoto, and its south was Luoyang, and the geographical location was very important.

Later, in order to prevent the further southern invasion of the Montenegrin army, the imperial court appointed Zhu Jun as the Hanoi Taishou, and Zhu Jun led his family soldiers to successfully repel Zhang Yan and defend Luoyang during his tenure as the Hanoi Taishou, which dealt a blow to Zhang Yan's arrogance.

Although Zhang Yan had the intention of invading the imperial court in history, the imperial court may have been really weak, and it is better to have less than more, plus Zhang Yan was repelled by Zhu Jun in Hanoi and did not succeed, so Emperor Ling did not punish Zhang Yan much later.

In this way, the Montenegrin Army was tacitly adopted by the imperial court as a separatist force.

【Black Mountain Army and Yellow Turban Army】

Historically, the Black Mountain Army, the White Polish Army, and other remnants of the Yellow Turban Army were mainly developed after the death of Zhang Jiao and the failure of the original Yellow Turban Uprising, and many of them were generals and subordinates of the original Yellow Turban Army.

And these people also rebelled again in the name of the Yellow Turban Army and wandered everywhere.

On the other hand, although the remaining Yellow Turban Party such as the Montenegrin Army and the original Yellow Turban Army organization are superficially in the same line, they are completely different in substance.

The Yellow Turban Army established by Zhang Jiao is based on the Taiping Road, the integration of politics, religion and the army, a very strict and standardized organization, with Jizhou where Zhang Jiao is located as the core, and there are 36 large and small parties in all parts of the country, among which the religious color is very strong, with its own doctrine, beliefs and goals.

The Montenegrin Army is completely different from other Yellow Turban remnants, although they have the name of the Yellow Turban Army, but in essence, they have begun to break away from the Taiping Dao established by Zhang Jiao, and have basically lost their religious color, scattered all over the place, with their respective leaders as the core.

At that time, the leaders of these Yellow Turban Yu Party were basically from poor backgrounds, and their names often originated from a certain characteristic of their personal behavior, such as Zhang Baiqi who rode a white horse, Zhang Feiyan who said he was light, Zhang Leigong who said he was loud, and Li Damu who was a man who was a mustache who was a mustache called himself Yu Gengen, and who was a big man called himself Li Damu.

Therefore, although the Montenegrin Army is inherited from the Yellow Turban Army founded by Zhang Jiao, it is completely different from the ordinary peasant uprising, basically rebelling for life, and not having its own goals and ideals, and the organization is also very scattered.

The remnants of the Yellow Turban only inherited the name of the Yellow Turban, but not the Yellow Turban.

[The origin of the name of the "Montenegrin Army"]

Historically, the name "Montenegrin Army" should have something to do with its scope of activities.

The main scope of activity of the Montenegrin Army is that the area of activity is Zhongshan, Changshan, Zhaojun, Shangdang, Hanoi and other places in the valleys of the Taihang Mountains, spanning Jizhou and Sili, of which Montenegro is at the southern end of the Taihang Mountains, which may be the origin of the name of the "Montenegrin Army" now.

As for when the name "Black Mountain Army" appeared, it is no longer possible to accurately confirm it, and there is not enough information to indicate whether Zhang Niujiao or Zhang Yan played it first.

In history, the Montenegrin Army would give up the title of the Yellow Turban Army, on the one hand, it may be to be different from other Yellow Turban remnants, and on the other hand, it may be because it felt that the future of the Yellow Turban Army was not ideal, so it changed its name to get rid of the relationship with the Yellow Turban Army.

And later, Zhang Yan was ready to return to the imperial court and asked for a title. In this case, it is impossible for Zhang Yan and others to arouse the resentment of Emperor Ling and the ministers in the court under the title of Yellow Turban traitor, so out of political needs, it is inevitable to remove the Yellow Turban.

From this point of view, the initial title of "Montenegrin Army" is more likely to be Zhang Yan than Zhang Niujiao, after all, although Zhang Niujiao was already quite powerful when he was alive, it was Zhang Feiyan who really carried forward the Montenegrin Army.